Screening, Treatment and Control of High Blood Pressure on Five Sites in Mali

Introduction: High blood pressure is defined as blood pressure greater than or equal to 140 mm Hg for systolic and or 90 mm Hg for diastolic. It constitutes a major public health problem, the leading chronic disease in the world. The objective was to determine the prevalence, treatment rate and control of hypertension. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study which took place over a period of 6 months in a hospital environment and in the general population. Results: Of the 1000 participants, 637 had hypertension, giving a prevalence of 63.70% with a female predominance. Thirty-three percent (33%) were unaware of their high blood pressure. The age group 60 and more was the most represented (44%). A proportion of 33 and 23.20 were overweight and obese participants, respectively. Male subjects were more overweight than female, unlike obesity which was more common among female subjects. Sixty-two percent (62%) of hypertensives were treated, of whom 44% were non-compliant. The excessively high cost and consumption of medications as needed were the main factors in therapeutic non-compliance. Twenty-two percent (22%) of all hypertensive patients and 35% of treated hypertensive patients were controlled. Women were more treated but less observant and less controlled than men. Therapeutic coverage and combination therapy rates were lower in rural areas. Hypertensives who had a high level of education were better treated and controlled than those who had no level. Conclusion: High blood pressure remains a real public health problem in Mali. It is more common in people aged 60 and over and in females. One in three hypertensives were unaware of their hypertension. The majority received antihypertensive treatments, but only a minority of them had their hypertension controlled.

Heavy Metal Control in Domestic Rubbish by Source Screening and Suitability of Nutrient Elements as Turfgrass Medium

This paper, probing into heavy metal control in domestic rubbish by source screening and nutrient element analysis, revealed the feasibility of source control of heavy metals and the suitability of rubbish as turfgrass medium. Heavy metals in domestic rubbish were controlled by source screening before composting. The study consisted of a control with garden soil. The contents of main mineral elements and heavy metals in rubbish compost and control were determined by the method of ICP-AES. The results showed that heavy metal concentrations in rubbish were lower than those in garden soil, and little difference occurred between rubbish and garden soil in main mineral element concentrations. Based on this, it was concluded that rubbish compost was favorable for using as turfgrass medium and heavy metal control in rubbish by source screening was effective.

Evaluating efficacy of screening for upper gastrointestinal cancer in China:a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Objective： To evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of screening procedure for upper gastrointestinal cancer in both high-risk and non-high-risk areas in China. Setting： Seven cities/counties, representing three economical-geographical regions （Eastern, Central and Western） in China, were selected as screening centers： three in high-risk areas and four in non-high-risk areas. Participants： Villages/communities in these seven centers regarded as clusters were randomly assigned to either intervention group （screening by endoscopic examination） or control group （with normal community care） in a 1：1 ratio stratified by each center. Eligible participants are local residents aged 40-69 years in the selected villages/communities with no history of cancer or endoscopic examination in the latest 3 years who are mentally and physically competent. Those who are not willing to take endoscopic examination or are unwilling to sign the consent form are excluded from the study. Totally 140,000 participants will be enrolled. Interventions： In high-risk areas of upper gastrointestinal cancer, all subjects in screening group will be screened by endoscopy. In non-high-risk areas, 30% of the subjects in screening group, identified through a survey, will be screened by endoscopy. Primary and secondary outcome measures： The primary outcome is the mortality caused by upper gastrointestinal cancer. The secondary outcomes include detection rate, incidence rate, survival rate, and clinical stage distribution. Additional data on quality of life and cost-effectiveness will also be collected to answer important questions regarding screening effects. Conclusions： Screening strategy evaluated in those areas with positive findings may be promoted nationally and applied to the majority of Chinese people. On the other hand, negative findings will provide scientific evidence for abandoning a test and shifting resources elsewhere. Trial registration： The study has been registered with the Protocol Registration System in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry （identifier： ChiCTR-EOR-16008577）.

Microbiological screenings for infection control in unaccompanied minor refugees： the German Armed Forces Medical Service＇s experience

Background:The German Military Medical Service contributed to the medical screening of unaccompanied minor refugees(UMRs)coming to Germany in 2014 and 2015.In this study,a broad range of diagnostic procedures was applied to identify microorganisms with clinical or public health significance.Previously,those tests had only been used to screen soldiers returning from tropical deployments.This instance is the first time the approach has been studied in a humanitarian context.Methods:The offered screenings included blood cell counts,hepatitis B serology and microscopy of the stool to look for protozoa and worm eggs as well as PCR from stool samples targeting pathogenic bacteria,protozoa and helminths.If individuals refused certain assessments,their decision to do so was accepted.A total of 219 apparently healthy male UMRs coming from Afghanistan,Egypt,Somalia,Eritrea,Syria,Ghana,Guinea,Iran,Algeria,Iraq,Benin,Gambia,Libya,Morocco,Pakistan,and Palestine were assessed.All UMRs who were examined at the study department were included in the assessment.Results:We detected decreasing frequencies of pathogens that included diarrhoea-associated bacteria[Campylobacter(C.)jejuni,enteropathogenic Escherichia(E.)coli(EPEC),enterotoxic E.coli(ETEC),enteroaggregative E.coli(EAEC),enteroinvasive E.coli(EIEC)/Shigella spp.),Giardia(G.)duodenalis,helminths(comprising Schistosoma spp.,Hymenolepis(H.)nana,Strongyloides(S.)stercoralis]as well as hepatitis B virus.Pathogenic microorganisms dominated the samples by far.While G.duodenalis was detected in 11.4%of the assessed UMRs,the incidence of newly identified cases in the German population was 4.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants.Conclusion:We conclude that the applied in-house PCR screening systems,which have proven to be useful for screening military returnees from tropical deployments,can also be used for health assessment of immigrants from the respective sites.Apparently healthy UMRs may be enterically colonized with a broad variety of pathogenic and apathogenic microorganisms.Increased colonization rates,as shown for G.duodenalis,can pose a hygiene problem in centralized homes for asylum seekers.

A Simplified Model for the Prediction of the Erosion of a Metal Screen for Sand Control

In oil drilling processes,sand production in the oil layer is a common issue,generally mitigated by means of sand control screens.To prevent or reduce the risk of damage of these screens and to improve the related service life,it is necessary to investigate the related erosion dynamics.In this study,a screen mesh model based on the flow field similarity theory is proposed to overcome the otherwise too complex geometric structure of this type of equipment.Such model is optimized using experimental data.The predicted results are in good agreement with the measured values,and the error is less than 15%.The results also show that the simplified geometric screen model and the optimized Zhang et al.erosion model have high reliability;therefore,they could effective be used to select underground screen meshes and improve the design of production process.

Screening of controls in cass-control study of infectious diseases

A simulation analysis and a comparative study of hepatitis were undertaken between susceptible population control (SPC) and general population control (GPC). It was shown that when the exposure rate for studying factors in susceptibles was approximate to that of general population. the values of Odds ratios (ORs) of the two control groups were also approximate. When there was an significant difference in exposure rates between the two control groups, the difference of values of ORs of the two control groups might be significant, but the ORs were approximate to relative risk (RR) of the corresponding target population. According to these results, the authors are of the opinion that whether serological screening is needed during the selection of control in case-control study of infectious diseases is determined by the efficacy of serological screening and the association of aims of research. If there is no significant association between exposure and susceptibility, or the estimates of ORs of general population are desirable, the GPC is preferable. When the estimates of ORs of susceptible population are wanted, the susceptible population control should be selected.

橄榄黑斑病病原菌的分离鉴定及防治药剂筛选

为明确引起潮州市橄榄黑斑病的病原菌种类,筛选有效防治药剂,对发病果实采用组织分离法进行了病原菌的分离与纯化,并结合形态学和分子生物学技术对病原菌进行鉴定。鉴定结果表明,引起橄榄黑斑病的病原菌为链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)。通过菌丝生长速率法测定了14种杀菌剂对病原菌的抑菌效果,结果表明14种杀菌剂对链格孢菌均有抑制作用,其中3%中生菌素可湿性粉剂、80%克菌丹水分散粒剂、8%氟硅唑微乳剂和40%苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂的抑菌效果较好,EC_(50)分别为1.267、1.207、1.100、0.944 mg·L^(-1)。田间防效测定结果表明,40%苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂、8%氟硅唑微乳剂的防治效果显著,防效为68.58%、65.44%;而30%王铜、2%春雷霉素的防效较差,仅为10%左右。综上,推荐将8%氟硅唑微乳剂和40%苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂2种药剂作为防控橄榄黑斑病的首选药剂。本研究可为橄榄黑斑病高效杀菌剂的筛选提供数据参考,并为其防控工作提供科学依据。

基于数字孪生的交叉筛智能控制技术研究现状

交叉式细粒滚轴筛是一种适用于湿黏细粒煤的干法深度筛分设备。总结了普通滚轴筛和交叉筛的研究现状和局限性,提出了推进交叉筛智能控制技术研究的观点。综述了数字孪生技术在煤矿行业的应用案例,分析了数字孪生技术在煤矿无人化生产、远程控制和安全高效运行方面具备的潜力和价值。基于此,提出了开展基于数字孪生的交叉筛智能控制技术的研究,实现对交叉筛运行过程控制、状态监测等功能,提高交叉筛的智能化发展水平。

阻尼层敷贴法对钻井振动筛降噪效果的影响

针对钻井振动筛工作噪声问题,提出了在钻井振动筛筛箱侧板敷贴阻尼层以减弱其噪声辐射的方法。通过筛箱振声模型,采用有限元法和模态应变能法对侧板敷贴阻尼前后的振动模态和侧板声辐射进行分析,利用COMSOL进行仿真求解,比较分析了不同材料、不同厚度的阻尼层对筛箱表面噪声辐射的影响。研究表明,表面阻尼结构能减弱噪声辐射;敷贴较硬的材料能对侧板起到一定的振动约束作用;需要根据材料属性选取最佳厚度,达到最佳减振降噪效果。

扁平大空间船舶火灾烟气控制试验研究

为有效控制扁平大空间船舶火灾烟气蔓延,研究大尺度火灾过程中的油池质量损失速率、舱室温度分布、隔热效率和烟气控制效果。利用尺寸为30 m×24 m×2.3 m的模拟舱,在0.35、0.55和0.70 m等3种不同挡烟垂壁高度和机械通风条件下开展试验。结果表明:挡烟垂壁高度增加,油池质量损失速率峰值减小;挡烟垂壁高度对舱室上层烟气温度的影响比对下层气体温度的影响更明显,1.4 m以上空间温度峰值明显下降,而1.4 m以下空间温度峰值无明显变化。顶棚平均温度和隔热效率随挡烟垂壁高度增加而下降。随挡烟垂壁高度增加,火源区与非火源区同时控烟模式隔热效率从28.2%提升至50.8%,火源区单独控烟模式隔热效率从29.4%提升至54.7%。

2018—2022年京津冀血液筛查实验室检测前质量不合格标本情况分析

目的 探讨2018—2022年京津冀15家血液筛查实验室(血站实验室)检测前质量不合格标本的情况及存在问题,为提升京津冀血站实验室质量同质化建设提供数据支持。方法 选取北京、天津和河北3个地区的血液中心和中心血站的15家血站实验室,其中包括3家血液中心实验室和12家地市级中心血站实验室,分别用代码A~O表示。收集15家血站实验室2018—2022年检测前接收标本总数、质量不合格标本总数以及常见不合格原因(溶血、乳糜、容量不足量、血细胞比容异常、采集后未按要求及时离心和其他原因等)对应标本数,分析检测前标本的不合格情况。结果2018—2022年15家血站实验室检测前质量不合格标本率为1.98‱,呈下降趋势,由2.54‱下降至1.57‱。标本质量不合格原因5年来保持稳定,占比依次是乳糜(74.72%)、溶血(7.41%)、容量不足量(5.42%)、其他原因(4.42%)、血细胞比容异常(4.35%)、采集后未按要求及时离心(3.68%)。15家血站实验室之间检测前质量不合格标本率的比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与检测前总体质量不合格标本率相比,11家实验室低于总体水平,其中4家持续保持稳定状态。结论 15家血站实验室的检测前过程控制总体良好,但由于各血站在检测前标本管理过程的流程设计和工作模式的不同导致统计数据存在差异,部分实验室仍有改进空间。

鹰嘴豆田土壤处理除草剂筛选

【目的】筛选适宜于鹰嘴豆田土壤处理的安全高效除草剂。【方法】选择生产上常用的12种除草剂进行田间土壤试验,采用绝对值调查法评价各除草剂的除草效果,并分析试验剂量下各除草剂对鹰嘴豆的安全性。【结果】各处理对鹰嘴豆田阔叶草均具有较好的封闭效果,药后45 d对阔叶草总草的株防效可达93.85%~100%,鲜重防效达87.80%~100%。各处理对禾本科杂草防效略有差异,其中,330 g/L二甲戊灵EC、50%乙草胺EC、50%敌草胺WDG、960 g/L精异丙甲草胺EC和40%砜吡草唑SC处理均可有效封闭禾本科杂草,药后45 d对禾本科总草的株防效和鲜重防效可达95.19%~100%和99.13%~100%,且对鹰嘴豆安全;42%氟啶草酮SC、65%氨氟乐灵WDG、480 g/L氟乐灵EC、240 g/L乙氧氟草醚EC和250 g/L噁草酮EC处理对禾本科杂草防效也较好,药后45 d对禾本科总草的株防效可达96.58%~100%,且除240 g/L乙氧氟草醚EC外,鲜重防效可达88.24%~100%,但对鹰嘴豆生长均存在不同程度的药害,药害随鹰嘴豆生长可逐渐缓解;50%扑草净WP和51%丙炔氟草胺WDG虽可在一定程度上封闭禾本科杂草,但持效期均较短,且50%扑草净WP对鹰嘴豆有明显药害。【结论】从除草效果和对鹰嘴豆的安全性考虑,330 g/L二甲戊灵EC、50%乙草胺EC、50%敌草胺WDG、960 g/L精异丙甲草胺EC和40%砜吡草唑SC是适宜于鹰嘴豆田土壤处理的除草剂。

基于高分子材质的L型城市应急防洪屏受力分析

国内关于高分子材质城市内涝应急防御装备的研究较为少见。采用水槽试验与流固耦合数值仿真相结合的方法,对城市应急防洪屏(以下简称“防洪屏”)的结构受力特性展开研究。结果表明,数值仿真模拟与试验结果吻合较好。随着水深和流速的增大,防洪屏的应力和变形逐渐增大,最大应力位于防洪屏的踵部,最大变形位于挡水面顶部两侧。防洪屏的结构受力系数随着来流弗劳德数的增大快速衰减,当弗劳德数大于0.15后,结构受力系数趋于定值;相对于惯性力,防洪屏承受最大应力的影响因素主要是重力。研究结果可为防洪屏的进一步优化设计提供参考。

生防真菌T1-3的筛选、鉴定及对灰葡萄孢菌的拮抗作用研究

为筛选能拮抗灰葡萄孢菌的真菌菌株作为灰霉病生物防治的菌株资源储备,从番茄的根际土壤中筛选得到一株对灰葡萄孢菌具有拮抗作用的真菌,通过形态学和分子生物学对其进行了鉴定,并对其拮抗机制进行了研究.结果表明,菌株T1-3为一株长枝木霉(Trichoderma longibrachiatum),其生长速率较病原菌快,对病原菌的抑菌率为87.75%;其无菌发酵滤液对病原菌的抑制率为84.75%,另对病原菌孢子萌发抑制率为80.51%,具有明显的抑制作用;且菌株T1-3生长过程中能够产生果胶酶和淀粉酶.长枝木霉T1-3具有良好的生防潜力和应用前景.

甘薯茎腐病室内药剂筛选及田间防治效果评估

通过室内毒力测定及大田试验进行药剂筛选,筛选出对甘薯茎腐病的有效防控药剂,以期为甘薯茎腐病的防治提供新的途径。采用含毒介质法中的最低抑制浓度法,对19种药剂进行室内毒力测定,并在此基础上选取6种防治效果较好的药剂开展田间防治试验。结果表明,室内毒力测定中溴硝醇的抑菌效果最强,抑菌最低有效浓度为4.69 mg·L^(-1),其次为噻霉酮、中生菌素、春雷霉素(加收米)、土霉素、硫酸链霉素、春雷·噻唑锌,抑菌最低有效浓度分别为7.50、18.25、28.13、37.50、75.00、150.00 mg·L^(-1)。大田试验选取的6种药剂中,春雷·噻唑锌的防治效果最佳,可达82.16%,其次噻霉酮、中生菌素、溴硝醇和春雷·中生的防治效果分别为79.55%、77.18%、76.56%、75.02%,均可作为田间甘薯茎腐病的有效防控药剂。

捕食梨火疫病菌黏细菌菌株的筛选及其生防潜力

【目的】发掘梨火疫病生防资源,探究黏细菌在梨火疫病生物防治中的应用潜力。【方法】通过菌苔捕食和对峙共培养从实验室前期分离、保存的黏细菌菌株中筛选高效捕食梨火疫病菌的黏细菌菌株,并通过喷施梨离体花序和盆栽杜梨苗测定其防病效果。【结果】(1)46株供试黏细菌菌株对梨火疫病菌均具有捕食能力,其中菌株WCH05、FB02和WCH03对梨火疫病菌的平板捕食能力较强。(2)黏细菌菌株WCH05预处理(喷施)对预防梨花腐的效果显著,其7d平均防效为68.35%,与农用链霉素(68.20%)接近,其次是菌株FB02,防效达到63.24%,而菌株WCH03的防效相对较低,为50.36%;黏细菌菌株WCH05、FB02和WCH03预处理(喷施)能够显著降低盆栽杜梨苗嫩枝的枝枯率和病情指数(p<0.05),7~21 d的平均保护性防效分别为81.53%、76.38%和71.44%,治疗性防效分别为63.84%、51.13%和54.88%。(3)结合形态学特征和多基因序列分析,将WCH05和FB02鉴定为橙色黏球菌(Myxococcus fulvus),WCH03鉴定为黄色黏球菌(Myxococcusxanthus)。【结论】筛选获得3株对梨火疫病菌具有高捕食能力的黏细菌菌株,室内防效显著,具有较好的生物防治应用前景。

基于PLC的物料入库系统设计

本文以自动化生产线中仓储单元的物料入库为例,介绍了物料入库单元伺服控制系统的硬件组成,软件设计及其调试过程,并重点讲述平面九宫格仓库入库的PLC程序设计方法。此伺服控制系统采用西门子S7-1200系列PLC和V90伺服控制器,采用西门子KTP700系列触摸屏对系统进行监控、控制和相关参数的修改,经过软硬件调试,机械手能自动将物料送到指定的九宫格仓库的某一格中。

基于棉花耐盐碱筛选的变量灌溉施肥系统设计与试验

棉花是新疆重要的经济作物,种植面积和产量连续多年居全国之首,土壤盐碱化抑制棉种萌发严重影响出苗率。为了提高棉花耐盐碱试验的精准性,设计了基于棉花耐盐碱筛选试验的变量灌溉施肥系统并进行了样机试验。该系统主要由可编程逻辑控制器(Programmable Logic Controller,PLC)、触摸屏(Touch Panel Monitor)、电磁阀、施肥泵、流量计、小型网式过滤器、文丘里吸肥器、压力表以及电控部分等组成。触摸屏通过RS232通讯、流量计通过RS485通讯给PLC发送信号。通过调节电磁阀的脉宽调制(Pulse Width Modulation,PWM)调节水肥比例,实现变量-定量灌溉施肥功能。试验表明在确定水肥混合器入口压力和给定水肥混合比例的试验条件下,该系统具有良好的水肥混合效果,精准灌溉施肥性能稳定,能够达到预期的设计目标,符合棉花耐盐碱筛选试验的要求,具有较好的推广价值。

瘀滞型肩关节周围炎中医优化方案筛选研究

目的基于随机对照试验进行中医临床治疗优化方案的筛选研究,明确中医治疗瘀滞型肩关节周围炎的最佳临床方案。方法选取2020年6月-2021年12月在长春中医药大学附属医院门诊就诊的瘀滞型肩关节周围炎患者99例,随机分为A、B、C组,3组常规进行推拿及功能锻炼治疗,在此基础上A组联合药物疗法,B组联合针灸疗法,C组联合药物疗法及针灸疗法,疗程2周,于治疗后1周、2周及3个月对患者进行随访。以视觉模拟标尺评分(visual analogue scale,VAS评分)、Constant-Murley肩关节评分量表、肩关节活动范围、红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)及生化指标评价疗效和安全性。结果共92例患者完成研究。相较于本组治疗前,3组在治疗后1周、2周及3个月VAS评分、Constant-Murley肩关节评分、肩关节活动范围有显著改善(P<0.05),完成治疗后ESR有显著改善(P<0.05),肝肾生化指标无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组组间比较,治疗后1周疗效无统计学意义(P>0.05),C组2周后及3个月效果明显优于A、B组(P<0.05)。完成治疗后的ESR及肝肾生化指标水平无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组均未发现严重不良事件,不良反应发生率3组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论针刺、中药内服及外用等疗法对于瘀滞型肩关节周围炎患者的疼痛和活动受限具有显著疗效,能明显地提高患者的生活质量,综合应用中医治疗手段2周后的中远期疗效明显优于单一手段。

‘滁菊’叶部病害病原菌鉴定与化学防治

[目的]本文旨在明确‘滁菊’叶部病害致病菌并筛选出有效化学农药,以有效防治‘滁菊’病害的发生。[方法]采用组织分离法分离纯化病原菌,进行形态学鉴定、分子生物学鉴定与致病性测定,分析导致‘滁菊’叶部病害的主要病原菌,并采用平板毒力测定13种农药的抑菌效果,筛选有效药剂及防治浓度;采用叶片菌丝贴接法对盆栽‘滁菊’幼苗接种致病菌,进一步在盆栽活体幼苗上测定筛选药剂的防治效果。[结果]从‘滁菊’病害叶片分离的主要致病菌为交链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)、长柄链格孢菌(Alternaria longipes)、细极链格孢菌(Alternaria tenuissima)。平板毒力测定结果表明,苯醚甲环唑·嘧菌酯对链格孢菌(CJ31、CJ4-1)菌丝生长抑制效果最好,己唑醇对链格孢菌(CJ3-1、CJ37)菌丝生长抑制效果最好,异菌脲对链格孢菌(CJ30)菌丝生长抑制效果最好,且EC 50值均低于7 mg·L-1。盆栽药效测定表明,异菌脲500倍稀释液和己唑醇3000倍稀释液对链格孢菌具有较好防效。[结论]导致‘滁菊’中心产区叶部病害的主要病原菌为链格孢菌,引起‘滁菊’的黑斑病。推荐将异菌脲、己唑醇、苯醚甲环唑·嘧菌酯作为‘滁菊’田间叶部病害防治的首选药剂。