Twelve weeks of dance exergaming in overweight and obese adolescent girls:Transfer effects on physical activity,screen time,and self-efficacy

Background: Given the low levels of physical activity(PA) among adolescent girls in the US, there is a need to identify tools to motivate increased PA. Although there is limited evidence that adolescents transfer PA from one context to another, exergames(i.e., video games that require gross motor activity) may act as a gateway to promote overall PA outside game play. The purpose of this study was to examine potential transfer effects(i.e., influences on external behaviors and psychological constructs) of a 12-week exergaming intervention on adolescent girls' PA, screen time,and self-efficacy toward PA, as well as the intrinsic motivation of exergaming.Methods: Participants were 37 girls aged 14–18 years(65% African American, 35% white) who were overweight or obese(body mass index ≥ 85 th percentile) and were recruited from the community via school, physicians, news media, and social media websites. Adolescents were randomly assigned to a 12-week group exergaming intervention(thirty-six 60 min sessions of group-based dance exergaming in a research laboratory using Kinect for Xbox360(Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA)) or to a no-treatment control group. Outcome variables included objectively measured PA(total) and self-reported leisure-time PA(discretionary time only) 1 week before vs. 1 week after the intervention; selected type and intensity of PA when placed in a gym setting for 30 min("cardio free choice"); screen time; self-efficacy toward PA; and intrinsic motivation toward exergaming.Results: Attendance at the exergaming sessions was high(80%). Compared with the control group, the intervention group self-reported an increase in PA(p = 0.035) and fewer hours watching television or videos(p = 0.01) after the intervention, but there were no significant differences in sedentary, light, moderate, or vigorous PA measured by accelerometry. The intervention group significantly improved self-efficacy toward PA(p = 0.028). The intervention group highly rated intrinsic motivation toward exergaming.Conclusion: Exergaming for 12 weeks was associated with positive impacts on adolescent girls' self-reported PA, television viewing, self-efficacy,and intrinsic motivation. Future research is warranted to leverage exergames as an enjoyable, motivating, and effective PA tool.

Association of Physical Activity, Screen Time and Sleep with Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents

Little is known on the association between movement behaviors including physical activity(PA),screen time(ST)and sleep(SLP)with depression in adolescents.This study aimed to explore the associations of PA,ST and SLP with depressive symptoms in adolescents.A total of 1,331 middle school students participated in this survey and provided valid data pertaining to the study variables.Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect information on participants’sociodemographic parameters.The Health Behavior in School-aged Children Questionnaire was used to assess the PA(days for moderate to vigorous PA),ST(daily hours of ST)and SLP(daily hours of SLP).Study participants’depressive symptoms were assessed using the Children’s Depression Inventory.Generalized linear models were used to estimate the associations of PA,ST and SLP with depressive symptoms.Of all the 1331 study participants,boys accounted for 51.31%and percentage of 7th,8th and 9th graders were 52.44%,23.22%and 24.34%,respectively.After controlling for sex,body mass index,grade,ethnicity,residence,siblings,perceived family affluence,father and mother educational level,only ST was positively associated with depressive symptoms(beta=0.17,p=0.005).This study suggests that excessive ST would be detrimental to depressive symptoms in adolescents.It may be effective to reduce ST for depression intervention or prevention.Future studies are encouraged to use an improved study design to confirm or negate this study’s researchfindings.

Physical activity, screen time and pediatric health-related quality of life in the Mississippi Delta

Background: The association of physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among predominantly low-income children in the Mississippi Delta region has not been previously described. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional survey to assess health risks from a representative sample of the population ≥3 years old in the Delta Region of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Linear models were utilized to examine Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) scores based on reported PA and ST. Results: Median age of the 371 participants was 9.8 years, 57% were African American, and 26% had annual household income ≤$14,999. Overall, 262 (75%) were categorized as physically active and 48% reported >2 hours ST per day. Children reporting exercising 5 - 7 days per week had significantly better PedsQL total score (84.3 vs 80.8;p 2 hours per day) did not significantly impact HRQOL. Conclusions: Findings suggest that PA among children living in the Mississippi Delta was related to higher HRQOL;however, the positive effects of PA on HRQOL may be less for minority and low-income children.

Examining Screen Time, Screen Use Experiences, and Well-Being in Adults

Screen technologies have been found to have adverse outcomes on people’s well-being and mental health if used excessively however findings have varied depending on the screen type being assessed. The impact of prolonged TV-watching on mental health has been well established, whereas the influence of computers, the internet, and mobile phones is still being debated. Research exploring total screen use in adults is surprisingly lacking. The current study examined the relationship between Screen Time and well-being in adults, including positive relationships, meaning, and loneliness. The study is possibly the first to investigate how much pleasure and meaning people feel during screen use and their mediating effects. Using a correlational study design, participants (N = 139) reported their hours spent on all screen devices per day, how much pleasure and meaning they experience during screen use on average, and their general well-being levels. Screen Time was not found to be significantly correlated with well-being;and screen use experiences did not mediate any of the screen time and well-being relationships. However, screen use meaning was positively associated with overall well-being and positive relationships. This finding prompts a review of the importance of screen time for well-being, suggesting that this may be a limited approach. Other factors related to screen quality may be equal if not more important for well-being. Limitations and implications for maintaining or enhancing well-being while using screen devices are discussed.

Specific Types of Screen-Based Sedentary Time and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents

Purpose:Screen-based sedentary behavior(SSB)has been identified as risk factor for mental disorders in most of adolescents.However,there is little literature pertaining to the specific kinds of SSB and its connections with depressive symptoms in most of adolescents.In the present study,we are going tofind out the connections between specific types of SSB and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents.Methods:A cross-sectional data based on 996 study participants of middle school students in Guangdong Province.SSB was evaluated by distri-buting the questionnaire of Health Behavior in School-aged Children,while depressive symptoms were evaluated using Chinese version of Children’s Depressive symptoms Inventory(CDI).SSB was categorized into TV/movie time,video games time and other electronic devices-based time(e.g.,mobile phone,computer use).Generalized linear models was used to explore the connections between specific kinds of SSB and depressive symptoms.Results:After controlling for variables of sex,ethnicity,grade,residence,siblings,perceived family affluence,father educational level,mother educational background,body mass index(BMI),physical exercise,duration of sleep,other electronic devices-based time was positively correlated with depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents(B=0.557%,95%CI:0.187–0.926,p=0.003).This significant connection was also found in girls(B=0.728%,95%CI:0.230–1.225,p=0.004)instead of boys(p>0.05).The other types of SSB were not signifi-cantly in relation to depressive symptoms in adolescents regardless of sex.Conclusion:This study suggested that it might be effective in reducing or preventing depressive symptoms through limiting electronic devices-based time,like computer use or mobile phone use time.This strategy would be particularly useful in girls.Future stu-dies should negate or replicate the research results by introducing more improved study design,which is beneficial to better understand the connections between SSB and depressive symptoms as well as then design more efficient interventions in adolescents.

Fundamental motor skills,screen-time,and physical activity in preschoolers

Purpose: To examine the associations among preschoolers fundamental motor skills, screen-time, physical activity(PA), and sedentary behavior(SB).Methods: Children ages 3à4 years were enrolled in a prospective observational trial of PA. Trained assessors conducted the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 rd edition(TGMD-3), and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 nd edition, and parent-reported child screen-time and sociodemographic information. Children wore an accelerometer for 7 days to examine SB and total PA(TPA). TPA was further characterized as moderateto-vigorous PA(MVPA) or vigorous PA(VPA). Mixed linear models were calculated, controlling for age(for TGMD-3), sex, household income, and accelerometer wear time(for accelerometry models), with childcare center as a random effect. The primary analysis reported on the cross-sectional baseline data of 126 children with complete fundamental motor skill and screen-time data; a subanalysis included 88 children with complete accelerometry data.Results: Children were 3.4 § 0.5 years of age(54% girls; 46% white, 42% African American, 12% other). A total of 48% lived in households at or below the federal poverty level. Children engaged in 5.1 § 3.6 h/day of screen-time. Children's screen-time was inversely related to the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 nd edition, manual dexterity skills percentile(b(SE) = ?1.7(0.8), p = 0.049). In the accelerometry subsample,children engaged in 5.9 § 0.9 h/day of TPA of which 1.7 § 0.6 h/day was MVPA. Boys engaged in more MVPA and VPA and less SB compared with girls(all p < 0.05). A higher TGMD-3, total score(b(SE) = 0.4(0.2), p = 0.017) and locomotor score(b(SE) = 0.7(0.3), p = 0.018) were associated with more VPA but not with TPA or MVPA. Screen-time and television in the bedroom were not related to SB, TPA, MVPA, or VPA.Conclusion: Children's motor skills were positively related to VPA but inversely related to screen-time. Further inquiry into the implications of high exposure to screen-time in young children is needed.

Momentum Eigensolutions of Feinberg-Horodecki Equation with Time-Dependent Screened Kratzer-Hellmann Potential

We obtain an approximate value of the quantized momentum eigenvalues, Pn, together with the space-like coherent eigenvectors for the space-like counterpart of the Schrödinger equation, the Feinberg-Horodecki equation, with a screened Kratzer-Hellmann potential which is constructed by the temporal counterpart of the spatial form of this potential. In addition, we got exact eigenvalues of the momentum and the eigenstates by solving Feinberg-Horodecki equation with Kratzer potential. The present work is illustrated with three special cases of the screened Kratzer-Hellman potential: the time-dependent screened Kratzer potential, time-dependent Hellmann potential and, the time-dependent screened Coulomb potential.

人工智能宫颈癌实时筛查系统TruScreen在宫颈癌筛查中的作用研究

目的探讨人工智能宫颈癌实时筛查系统TruScreen(TS)在宫颈癌筛查中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2019年12月至2020年12月于我院妇科门诊进行宫颈癌筛查的997例受检对象的临床资料,所有研究对象均进行了TS检测、人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)检测、液基薄层细胞学(TCT)检测。3种筛查方法中有任何1种异常者行阴道镜检查,阴道镜下有病变的患者均行宫颈活检。以组织病理学结果为诊断标准,比较3种方法单独筛查及TS+HPV联合筛查、TCT+HPV联合筛查的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)。结果纳入的997例受检对象平均年龄(35.42±8.47)岁。131例患者行宫颈活检术,病理结果异常[低级别鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)及以上]共59例,其中TS检测阳性率为86.44%(51/59),HPV检测阳性率为94.92%(56/59),TCT检测阳性率为89.83%(53/59)。以组织病理结果[高级别鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)及以上]为标准,TS检测的灵敏度为88.24%、特异度为58.76%,AUC为0.735;TCT检测的灵敏度为47.06%、特异度为70.10%,AUC为0.586;HPV检测的灵敏度为94.12%、特异度为36.08%,AUC为0.651;TS+HPV联合检测的灵敏度为97.06%、特异度为87.63%,AUC为0.588;TCT+HPV联合检测的灵敏度为91.18%、特异度为98.96%,AUC为0.598。结论TS检测用于宫颈癌筛查有较好的效果,具有一定的临床应用价值。

综合干预对儿童视屏时间影响的研究

目的分析综合干预项目(DECIDE-children)对儿童视屏时间的影响及可能的中介因素,为控制儿童视屏时间提供依据。方法于2018年9月至2019年6月,在北京、山西、新疆的24所小学进行整群分层随机抽样,纳入1392名四年级学生,以1∶1的比例分为干预组或对照组,干预组儿童开展为期一学年的饮食运动行为综合干预,对照组参加常规教学。使用基线和终期随访问卷调查儿童视屏时长和运动与视屏知识、家长对儿童视屏时间的限制相关指标。使用线性回归及广义线性回归模型进行关联研究,非参数百分位Bootstrap法检验中介效应,调整基线调查的年龄和性别。结果在1392名调查对象中,基线调查时视屏时间≥2h/d的儿童有289人(20.8%)。与基线结果相比,终期干预组中家长限制儿童视屏时间不超过2h/d的比例、儿童的运动与视屏知识满分率增加大于对照组(OR_(adj)=1.64、2.27);儿童视屏时间≥2h/d的比例减少大于对照组(OR_(adj)=0.57)(均P<0.05)。中介效应检验结果显示,家长限制儿童视屏时间不超过2h/d的中介效应占总效应比例为4.01%,儿童运动与视屏知识满分的中介效应占比为11.40%(均P<0.05)。结论该综合干预项目可以增加儿童视屏时间达到指南标准的比例,其中家长限制儿童视屏时间不超过2h/d和儿童的运动和视屏知识满分发挥了部分中介作用。

青少年静态行为与抑郁症状的相关性研究

探究静态行为与青少年抑郁症状之间的关系,为改善和预防青少年抑郁提供相关理论依据。于2021年9—12月在上海、昆明、乌鲁木齐、宿州与长沙采取分层整群随机抽样抽取10327名12~17岁青少年进行静态行为调查与抑郁症状评估,采用卡方检验、逻辑回归分析探讨两者关系。结果显示:青少年抑郁总检出率为28.6%,其中抑郁症状、严重抑郁总检出率分别为19.5%、9.1%。高中生抑郁检出率高于初中,女生检出率高于男生。控制相关影响因素后,静态行为时长≥8h、视屏时间≥2h组的青少年抑郁症状检出率分别为静态行为时长<8h、视屏时间<2h组的1.302和1.348倍(P<0.01)。研究表明:静态行为尤其是视屏时间与青少年抑郁症状密切相关。应当重视静态行为对青少年身心健康造成的危害,通过设定合理的使用时间、鼓励参与户外活动、教育正确的使用习惯、家长监督和参与等措施限制静态行为和视屏时间,引导青少年正确使用电子设备,以减少和预防青少年抑郁症状的发生。

黑龙江省成年人身体活动和静态行为状况分析

目的:了解黑龙江省成年人身体活动和静态行为状况并进行分析,为改善居民不良生活习惯提供参考。方法:2018年6—12月,采用多阶段随机整群抽样法,选取黑龙江省10个县(市、区)作为国家级慢性病与营养监测点,对监测点18岁及以上居民进行身体活动和静态行为问卷调查。结果:调查对象经常锻炼率为15.70%,从不锻炼率为77.70%,日平均总静态行为时间为(4.60±2.69) h,日平均看电视、使用电脑、玩电子游戏、使用手机的屏幕时间为(2.82±2.02) h,日平均睡眠时间为(7.14±1.63) h。结论:黑龙江省成年人经常锻炼率较低,身体活动不足普遍存在,业余静态行为时间较长。相关部门应关注居民身体锻炼情况,由体育指导员引领居民开展适合的体育活动;应通过提高人群的经常锻炼率和缩短屏幕时间防控慢性病;应加强健康宣传与促进,使居民意识到身体活动的益处,从而提高居民的健康水平。

串联网式过滤器拦截特性和过滤时间分析

针对网式过滤器在实际灌溉水源条件下易堵塞、使用寿命短等问题,该研究将泵前和泵后网式过滤器串联组合,通过室内原型试验分析各级过滤器对泥沙和木屑的拦截规律。结果表明:过滤器拦截泥沙和木屑的分布情况与各级滤网孔径有关,当水源杂质以泥沙为主时,建议选取0.32和0.20 mm孔径滤网的泵前和泵后过滤器进行过滤,当有机物杂质含量较高时,采用0.25~0.32 mm滤网孔径的泵前过滤器有利于延长过滤时间。对水头损失随过滤时间的变化规律进行分析,明确了水源条件和滤网孔径对过滤时间的影响,极差和方差分析结果表明:不同进水流量条件下,初始水头损失和水头损失峰值分别集中在2.43~5.87和13.92~28.92 m,杂质含量对水头损失影响较小;进水流量越大,过滤器过滤时间越短。建立水头损失计算公式和过滤时间拟合经验公式,拟合与试验结果误差小于7%。各因素对过滤时间影响程度由大到小依次是杂质含量、滤网孔径、含沙量、进水流量。基于多层感知机(multilayer perceptron,MLP)神经网络模型对过滤时间进行预测,预测值与实测值误差基本在10%以内,均方误差和平均相对误差分别为0.32%、5.85%,该模型适用于对复杂水源条件下过滤时间的预测。研究结果可为灌溉工程中串联网式过滤器各级滤网参数的合理配置提供参考。

广州市越秀区青少年近视特点和危险因素分析

目的探讨广州市越秀区青少年近视特点和危险因素,为降低青少年近视发病率提供参考依据。方法本项目采用分层随机整群抽样的研究方法,抽取分布于广州市越秀区2774名青少年作为研究对象,根据近视检查情况将其分为近视组(n=1657)与非近视组(n=1117),通过问卷调查的方式,分析青少年近视整体现况、流行病学特征以及影响青少年近视发生、发展的相关行为和因素。结果2774名青少年中,1657名近视,检出率为59.73%;其中女生为872名,多于男生的785名;幼儿园、小学生、初中生、高中生近视人数分别为20名、446名、484名、707名,呈升高趋势。学段、校内用眼环境、校外用眼环境、读写姿势、电子屏幕使用情况、近距离用眼情况、户外活动及睡眠情况、近视检查及矫治情况是广州市越秀区青少年近视的影响因素(P<0.05)。广州市越秀区青少年近视程度均与学段、校外用眼环境、电子屏幕使用情况、户外活动及睡眠情况、近距离用眼情况呈正相关(P<0.05),与校内用眼环境、读写姿势、近视检查及矫治情况呈负相关(P<0.05)。对不同预后组间存在统计学差异的因素进行Logistic多因素分析后得到,学段、校内用眼环境、校外用眼环境、读写姿势、电子屏幕使用情况、近距离用眼情况、户外活动及睡眠情况、近视检查及矫治情况是广州市越秀区青少年近视的相关影响因素(P<0.05)。结论广州市越秀区青少年近视发生人群呈现高龄化,学段、校内用眼环境、校外用眼环境、读写姿势、电子屏幕使用情况、近距离用眼情况、户外活动及睡眠情况、近视检查及矫治情况是青少年近视的相关影响因素,建议加强组织学生到户外进行多种课间户外体育活动,同时鼓励家长在校外从自身做起,树立爱眼护眼好榜样,与学校共同保护孩子的视力。

The Development of Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry( TOF-MS) and Its Applications in Screening Food Hazard Factors

The time-of-flight mass spectrometry(TOF-MS),one of the mass spectrometry techniques,has been widely applied in the field of rapid screening of food hazard factors as a superior analysis technique because of its wide mass range,high resolution and mass measurement accuracy,high sensitivity and high analysis speed.In this paper,research progresses of TOF-MS on the detection of food additives,food contaminants and residues,illegal additives,pesticide residues,veterinary drug residues and mycotoxin were reviewed,and its probable approaching applications were prospected.

上海市学龄前儿童屏幕时间现状及影响因素分析

目的了解上海市学龄前儿童屏幕时间现状及影响因素,为更进一步制定学龄前儿童的相关干预措施提供科学参考。方法使用便利抽样的方法,于2018年3月-2019年9月在上海市选取931名3~6岁儿童的家长填写问卷,收集基本信息及屏幕时间情况。使用Logistic回归分析日平均屏幕时间≥1 h的影响因素。结果931例儿童日平均屏幕时间为(1.74±0.65)h/d,其中工作日平均屏幕时间为(1.56±0.59)h/d,周末平均屏幕时间为(2.20±0.81)h/d,工作日平均屏幕时间显著低于周末平均屏幕时间(t=19.487,P<0.001)。多因素分析显示,吃饭时看电视频率>5次/周(OR=1.669)、使用电子产品作为奖励工具频率>5次/周(OR=1.631)、父母认可的使用电子产品时间1 h以上(OR=1.687)、母亲教育程度为大学(OR=1.483)和硕士及以上(OR=1.624)为影响学龄前儿童日平均屏幕时间的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论上海市学龄前儿童日平均屏幕时间普遍超过推荐的时长(即每天不超过1 h),吃饭时看电视频率、使用电子产品作为奖励工具频率、父母认可的使用电子产品时间、母亲教育程度为影响学龄前儿童日平均屏幕时间的独立危险因素,应予以关注并采取相关的干预措施。

中国5省初中生视屏时间和饮食行为与抑郁症状的关联

目的·了解中国5省初中生视屏时间和饮食行为与抑郁症状的关联。方法·采用分层随机整群抽样方法,对中国东部地区的浙江、广东,中部地区的江西,西部地区的四川、贵州共5省1067名初中生进行问卷调查,包括一般人口学特征、健康行为情况、饮食行为情况、抑郁情况。采用单因素分析比较不同人口学特征的初中生的抑郁症状报告率、每日视屏时间和饮食行为,采用Logistic回归分析每日视屏时间和饮食行为与抑郁症状的关联,并分析前两者的交互作用。结果·中国5省初中生抑郁症状报告率为12.9%,西部地区、非独生子女、每周零花钱超过100元、有过吸烟行为、有过饮酒行为、每日视屏时间≥2 h、有不健康饮食行为的初中生抑郁症状报告率较高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。15.2%初中生每日视屏时间≥2 h;调整混杂因素后,与每日视屏时间<2 h组相比,≥2 h组抑郁症状报告率更高(OR=1.89,95%CI 1.22~2.95)。29.5%的初中生有不健康饮食行为;调整混杂因素后,与健康饮食行为组相比,不健康饮食行为组抑郁症状报告率更高(OR=2.16,95%CI 1.47~3.19)。6.4%的初中生每日视屏时间≥2 h且有不健康饮食行为;调整混杂因素后,这部分学生比每日视屏时间<2 h且饮食行为健康学生抑郁症状报告率更高(OR=4.26,95%CI 2.24~7.56)。调整混杂因素后,每日视屏时间与饮食行为的交互作用分析结果显示,两者存在相加交互作用,超额相对危险度(relative excess risk due to interaction,RERI)为1.21(95%CI 1.02~1.51),交互作用归因比(attributable proportion due to interaction,AP)为0.19(95%CI 0.13~0.31),交互作用指数(synergy index,S)为1.35(95%CI 1.12~1.69)。结论·视屏时间过长且有不健康饮食行为的中国初中生更容易出现抑郁症状,且两者对抑郁症状有相加交互作用。

中国学龄前儿童视屏时间过长发生率的Meta分析

目的系统评价中国学龄前儿童视屏时间过长发生率。方法计算机检索CNKI、VIP、WanFang Data、CBM、PubMed、Cochrane、Embase、CINAHL和Web of Scuence数据库中发表的有关中国学龄前儿童视屏时间过长发生率的横断面研究,检索时间为建库至2022年10月18日,由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价文献质量,采用Stata16.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入28篇文献,包含143483例学龄前儿童。Meta分析结果显示,中国学龄前儿童视屏时间过长总发生率为46.4%,视屏时间>1h、≥1 h、>2 h、≥2h的发生率分别为61.6%、56.5%、28.1%、34.1%,平均每日视屏时间为1.86小时。总视屏时间过长发生率亚组分析结果显示,男、女童发生率分别为48.5%、45.6%,3~6岁发生率分别为40.9%、45.8%、45.4%、44.4%,独生、非独生发生率分别为47.9%、53.8%,父母初中及以下文化程度发生率分别为49.7%、49.9%,父母高中文化程度发生率分别为46.5%、44.4%,父母大学及以上文化程度发生率分别为41.8%、42.4%,学习日、周末发生率分别为35.3%、43.7%,2019年前、后发生率分别为43.2%、46.2%,东部、中部、西部地区发生率分别为49.7%、39.4%、39.3%。结论中国学龄前儿童视屏时间过长发生率较高,男童、年龄越大、非独生、父母文化程度低、东部地区的发生率更高,应有针对性地进行预防和干预。受纳入研究数量和质量限制,上述结论尚需更多高质量研究予以验证。

托幼机构儿童身体活动和屏幕时间及膳食安排现状分析

目的了解我国托幼机构儿童在园期间的身体活动、屏幕时间及膳食安排现状,为掌握托幼机构卫生保健重点问题、完善管理措施提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,于2019年7月至2020年12月在我国7类地区的14个省级行政区随机抽取70所托幼机构进行问卷调查。调查内容包括:托幼机构的基本情况、儿童每日身体活动时间和屏幕时间及膳食安排等情况。使用非参数检验和χ2检验对城乡、机构性质和地域之间托幼机构的儿童一日生活安排差异进行比较分析。结果有68家托幼机构纳入研究。在儿童每日户外身体活动时间方面,公立与私立托幼机构中班、大班、班级合计的儿童每日户外身体活动时间比较差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.320、-2.454、-3.844,P<0.05),南方与北方托幼机构各班级儿童的每日户外身体活动时间比较差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.745、-2.401、-2.507、-4.418,P<0.05)。公立与私立托幼机构的各班级儿童每日总身体活动时间比较差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.740、-2.289、-2.409、-4.297,P<0.05),南方与北方托幼机构小班、班级合计的儿童每日总身体活动时间比较差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-1.972、-3.196,P<0.05)。在儿童每日屏幕时间方面,不同类型托幼机构各班级的屏幕时间均<60min。在儿童每日膳食方面,城市与农村托幼机构各班级的儿童每日饮水量比较差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.811、-2.684、-2.571、-4.597,P<0.05),公立与私立托幼机构大班、班级合计的儿童每日饮水量比较差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.240、-2.765,P<0.05),南方与北方托幼机构班级合计的儿童每日饮水量比较差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.054,P<0.05);儿童每日摄入蔬菜、水果的托幼机构占比分别为94.1%和88.2%,存在部分托幼机构儿童每日摄入含糖饮料的情况;城市与农村托幼机构的儿童每日摄入乳类及乳制品的占比比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.029,P<0.05)。结论学龄前儿童在园期间普遍存在每日总身体活动时间不足的情况,公立、北方托幼机构的儿童还存在每日户外活动时间不足的问题。部分托幼机构的儿童饮水量未达到《中国学龄前儿童膳食指南(2016)》的推荐要求,农村托幼机构乳制品供应情况较差。托幼机构应关注现有园内对儿童生活一日安排的不足之处,与家长一起培养儿童良好的生活习惯。

2022-2023年贵州省学校肺结核流行及接触者筛查结果的时空关联性分析

目的:分析2022—2023年学校肺结核登记病例及接触者筛查结果的时空分布差异及流行趋势,识别贵州省学校结核病防控的重点时间和地区,为制定和优化贵州省学校肺结核防控工作策略提供科学依据。方法:采用“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”子系统“结核病信息管理系统”收集2022—2023年贵州省学校肺结核患者报告数据,采用“贵州省疾病预防控制云平台——学校结核病管理系统”收集2022—2023年学校肺结核接触者筛查数据,采用描述性流行病学方法对学校肺结核患者、肺结核接触者检出病例的流行特征进行分析,采用Joinpoint软件分析肺结核患者月平均登记发病率(接触者筛查患者检出率)的变化趋势,采用ArcGIS 10.6软件进行全局和局部空间自相关分析,采用SaTScan 9.7软件进行时空扫描分析。结果:2022—2023年贵州省共计报告6310例学校肺结核患者,年平均登记发病率为29.82/10万(6310/21161926),病原学阳性率为44.83%(2829/6130);筛查学校肺结核接触者255801名,检出肺结核接触者病例288例,接触者病例检出率为0.11%。Joinpoint回归模型分析结果显示,肺结核登记病例的月平均登记发病率总体上升(AAPC=0.60%,95%CI:-8.50%~10.60%,P=0.906),肺结核接触者中检出病例的月平均检出率总体呈现下降趋势(AAPC=-17.45%,95%CI:-31.43%~-0.62%,P=0.043)。局部空间自相关分析显示,肺结核登记病例中共有8个县(区)处于“高-高聚集区”,分布于毕节市的七星关区、大方县、黔西市、赫章县、织金县、纳雍县,六盘水市的钟山区、水城区。接触者检出病例中共有2个县(区)处于“高-高聚集区”,分布于毕节市的七星关区、六盘水市的钟山区。时空扫描分析显示,肺结核登记病例以大方县为中心,共涉及4个县(区)(RR=1.63,LLR=62.76,P<0.001);接触者检出病例以西秀区为中心,共涉及16个县(区)(RR=6.65,LLR=9.74,P<0.001)。结论:贵州省学校肺结核登记发病率较高,学校肺结核疫情“高-高”聚集地区主要位于毕节市,年初肺结核接触者筛查检出的肺结核患者较多。

健康照明与儿童近视防控的研究进展

近视在我国发病率较高,是影响儿童视觉健康的重要因素。现有的研究表明,过长的屏幕使用时间和过少的户外活动是儿童近视的重要诱因,这些危险因素都与光照参数,如光照强度、时常、频率、光谱有关。并且,不当的夜间照明也会对儿童的昼夜节律、睡眠产生影响并导致近视。现对屏幕时间、户外活动、光照属性以及昼夜节律的临床研究以及流行病学资料进行综述,为儿童近视预防提供一些建议与指导。