Epidemiology and clinico-laboratory manifestations of scrub typhus in Hadoti region of Rajasthan,India:A cross-sectional study

Objective:To study epidemiology,clinical manifestations,and laboratory parameters of scrub typhus in Hadoti region of Rajasthan,India.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 patients with scrub typhus between August 2022 and November 2022.Scrub typhus was diagnosed by ELISA IgM scrub typhus antibody.The data about demography,vital parameters,and lab investigations were collected and analyzed.Results:Ninety-two percent of the patients were from a rural background(92%),86% were farmers and the majority were females.Most patients were 40-60 years old.The major complaints were fever(100%),myalgia(100%),headache(82%),and body swelling(80%).Major complications were pneumonia(68%),multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(62%),hepatitis(44%),and acute kidney injury(42%).Triglyceride levels were>200 mg/dL in 80% of patients,albumin<3.5 g/dL in 98% and eschar mark was present in 24%of patients.Conclusions:Scrub typhus is a serious acute febrile illness that can lead to multi-organ dysfunction and is associated with significant mortality.Increasing awareness regarding disease in endemic regions,early screening of patients,and treatment as early as possible could help prevent the patient from severe life-threatening complications.

Myositis and rhabdomyolysis in scrub typhus infection: A case report

Rationale:Fever with myositis and rhabdomyolysis is a medical emergency requiring prompt diagnosis and management.Scrub typhus associated myositis with rhabdomyolysis is rare.Patient concerns:A 36-year-old female presented with intermittent fever up to 38.6℃,jaundice and progressive weakness of all four limbs.Diagnosis:Scrub typhus associated myositis and rhabdomyolysis.Intervention:Doxycycline 100 mg twice daily and injection of ceftriaxone 1 gm twice daily along with continuous intravenous fluids.Outcome:Fever resolved with normalization of liver function and recovery of muscle power.Lessons:Presence of myositis and rhabdomyolysis is uncommon in scrub typhus;high clinical suspicion should be kept in patients with atypical manifestations of scrub typhus.

A review of the epidemic and clinical study on scrub typhus in China(2010-2020)

Scrub typhus is an acute febrile vector-borne zoonotic disease caused by the obligate intracellular growth bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi(Ot).Mites are the primary vectors and rodents play a pivotal role in the transmission of scrub typhus.Due to the climate warming,increased human activity and other factors,cases of scrub typhus have been increased sharply during the past decade in China,especially in the northern China.To understand the incidence trend,epidemic pattern,clinical sign,diagnosis and therapy of this diseases as well as genotype evolution of Orientia tsutsugamushi,we summarized and analyzed the current knowledge of scrub typhus in China from 2010 to 2020.The data indicated that the dominate genotypes of scrub typhus in China were Karp,Kato and Gilliam.Although the disease was distributed national wide,Yunnan,Guangzhou and Fujian showed the highest incidence rate.The main vector of scrub typhus in southwest,middle east and southeast of China appeared a geographic preference respectively.Seasonal timing,age and occupation were the key factors that relate to the peak incidence of scrub typhus.Notably,farmer was the occupation with the highest risk of Ot infection.Further study on the epidemic characteristics,risk factors,diagnosis and treatments of scrub typhus will be of benefit to a comprehensive guideline for prevention and control of this ancient disease.

In Search of Scrub Typhus: A Prospective Analysis of Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Patients from a Tertiary Care Hospital in New Delhi

Introduction: Scrub typhus is a febrile illness caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi which is transmitted by the larval stage of trombiculid mites. It has varied manifestations ranging from mild disease to fatal illness. The classical manifestations include fever, rash, lymphadenopathy and eschar. Serology is the preferred diagnostic tool with indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) as the current gold standard. Material & Methods: A total of 229 clinically suspected cases of Scrub typhus from 15th of October 2013 to 15th of October 2015 were enrolled in the study. Clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data of the patients were collected and analysed. The method for diagnosis was IgM immunofluorescence assay. Results: A total of 33 cases (14.4%) of scrub typhus were detected. Most of the cases (87%) presented in the months of September to November. Fever of >39°C was seen in all 33 cases. Rash and eschar were seen in 24.2% and 18.2% cases, respectively. Lymphadenopathy (18.2%), hepatomegaly (48.5%), splenomegaly (21.2%) and icterus (15.2%) were seen in some cases. Pulmonary manifestations were noted in 69.7% of cases. Acute kidney injury (18.2%), encephalitis (21.2%), and myocarditis (15.15%) were the other complications observed. Common haematological abnormalities noted in patients of scrub typhus were anaemia (45.6%), leucocytosis (45.6%), thrombocytopenia (48.5%) and transaminitis (54.5%). 10 cases were treated by azithromycin while doxycycline was used for treatment in 28 cases. Conclusion: The nonspecific symptoms and lack of classical manifestations make the diagnosis of scrub typhus difficult. There is a definite need to increase awareness and heighten the suspicion, especially in the light of increasing number of patients presenting with atypical manifestations.

Scrub typhus:pathophysiology,clinical manifestations and prognosis

Scrub typhus is a zoonosis caused by the pathogen Orientia tsutsugamushi(O.tsvtsugamushi). The disease has significant prevalence in eastern and Southeast Asia.Usually presenting as an acute febrile illness,the diagnosis is often missed because of similarities with oilier tropical febrile infections.Many unusual manifestations are present,and these are described in this review,together with an outline of current knowledge of pathophysiology.Awareness of these unusual clinical manifestations will help the clinician to arrive at an early diagnosis,resulting in early administration of appropriate antibiotics.Prognostic indicators for severe disease have not yet been clearly established.

Comparison of a rapid diagnostic test and microimmunofluorescence assay for detecting antibody to Orientia tsutsugamushi in scrub typhus patients in China

Objective:To evaluate the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to Orientia tsutsugamushi(O. tsutsugamushi) by rapid diagnostic test(RDT) and microimmunofluorescence assay(ml FA). Methods:RDT using a mixture of recombinant 56-kDa proteins of O.tsutsugamushi and mIFA assay were performed on 20 patients from Fujian and 13 patients from Yunnan Province,and 82 sera samples from healthy farmers in Anhui Province and Beijing City in 2009.Comparison of the RDT and mIFA assay was performed by using X test and the P level of 【0.05 was considered to be significance.Results:Among these 82 normal sera samples,the specificity of RDT was 100%for both IgM and IgG tests.In 33 samples from patients with scrub typhus,5 cases were positively detected earlier by RDT than by mIFA in IgM test,and 2 cases were positive in IgG test.Sensitivities of RDT were 93.9%and 90.9%for IgM and IgG,respectively.The sensitivity of combination lest of IgM and IgG was 100%.Geometric mean titer diluted sera from confirmed cases by IFA and RDT assay were 1:37 vs.1:113(P【0.001) in IgM test and 1:99 vs.1:279 (P【0.05) in IgG test.Conclusions:RDT is more sensitivite than mIFA in the early diagnosis of scrub typhus and it is particularly applicable in rural areas.

Circulatory and hepatic failure at admission predicts mortality of severe scrub typhus patients: A prospective cohort study

Objective:To study the spectrum and outcome of severe scrub typhus in adult patients and to predict the hospital mortality by organ failure on admission.Methods:This was a prospective observational cohort study conducted between July 2017 and October 2020 at the medical emergency centre of PGIMER,Chandigarh,India.One hundred and twenty-six patients aged≥13 years were diagnosed with scrub typhus.Severe disease was defined as the presence of organ failure based on the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)score on admission.Results:About two-thirds of the patients were from geographic regions outside the endemic sub-Himalayan belt.Fever(99.21%)and dyspnea(79.36%)were the most frequent complaints.Respiratory failure(81.75%)was the most common organ failure,followed by hepatic(52.38%),coagulative(47.62%),circulatory(33.33%),renal(21.43%),and cerebral dysfunction(13.49%).The median(Q1,Q3)SOFA score was 8(6,9),and 48.41%of the patients had a quick-SOFA score≥2.Organ supports with invasive ventilation(40.48%),vasopressors(36.51%),and renal replacement therapy(7.14%)were frequently required.The in-hospital mortality was 11.90% and was independently predicted by circulatory and hepatic failures on multivariate logistic regression(OR 11.12,95%CI 1.73-71.31 and OR 8.49,95%CI 1.18-61.41,respectively).Conclusions:Most patients had pulmonary dysfunction;circulatory or hepatic failure on admission strongly predicts death.

Massive small bowel bleeding caused by scrub typhus in Korea

A 79-year-old man was diagnosed with scrub typhus based on fever,eschar,skin rash and a markedly elevated serum tsutsugamushi antibody and doxycycline was started.Five days later,hematochezia developed and multiple small bowel ulcerations with hemorrhage were seen on colonoscopy.Despite intensive therapy,the massive hematochezia worsened and the distal small bowel was resected.Multiple ulcerated lesions were identified pathologically as vasculitis caused by scrub typhus.This is the first reported case of pathologically proven small bowel involvement in scrub typhus infection.

Spectrum of cardiac manifestations and its relationship to outcomes in patients admitted with scrub typhus infection

AIM To study the spectrum of cardiac manifestations in scrub typhus infection and assess its relationship to outcomes.METHODS Demographic data, electrocardiographic(ECG) changes, left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function, myocardial injury (defined as troponin T > 14 pg/mL), and pericardial effusion were documented. Myocarditis was diagnosed when myocardial injury was associated with global LV systolic dysfunction. The relationship between myocarditis and outcomes was assessed using logistic regression analysis and expressed as odds ratio(OR) with 95%CI.RESULTS The cohort(n = 81; 35 males) aged 49.4 ± 16.1 years(mean, SD) presented 8.1 ± 3.1 d after symptom onset. The APACHE-Ⅱ score was 15.7 ± 7.0. Fortyeight (59%) patients were ventilated, and 46 (56%) required vasoactive agents. Mortality was 9.9%. ECG changes were non-specific; sinus tachycardia was the most common finding. Myocardial injury was evident in 61.7% of patients and LV systolic dysfunction in 30.9%. A diagnosis of myocarditis was made in 12.3%. In addition, seven patients with regional wall motion abnormalities had LV systolic dysfunction and elevated cardiac enzymes. Mild diastolic dysfunction was observed in 18 (22%) patients. Mild to moderate pericardial effusion was seen in 51%. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, patients with myocarditis tended to be older (OR = 1.04, 95%CI: 0.99-1.09), had shorter symptom duration (OR = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.49-0.98), and tended to stay longer in hospital(OR = 1.17, 95%CI: 0.98-1.40). Myocarditis was not associated with increased mortality.CONCLUSION In scrub typhus infection, cardiac manifestations are frequent and associated with increased morbidity but not mortality.

Neglected scrub typhus:An updated review with a focus on omics technologies

Scrub typhus is a neglected disease and one of the most serious health problems in the Asia-Pacific region.The disease is caused by an obligate intracellular bacteria Orientia tsutsugamushi,which is transmitted by chigger bites or larval mite bites.Scrub typhus is a threat to billions of people worldwide causing different health complications and acute encephalitis in infants and growing children.The disease causes multiple organ failure and mortality rates may reach up to 70%due to a lack of appropriate healthcare.Currently available genome and proteome databases,and bioinformatics methods are valuable tools to develop novel therapeutics to curb the pathogen.This review discusses the state-of-the-art of information about Orientia tsutsugamushi-mediated scrub typhus and delineates the role of omics technologies to develop drugs against the pathogen.The role of proteome-wide in silico approaches for the identification of therapeutic targets is also highlighted.

Manifestation of acute peritonitis and pneumonedema in scrub typhus without eschar:A case report

BACKGROUND Scrub typhus is an acute infectious disease caused by rickettsia infection.The diagnosis is based on eschar,and clinical manifestations can range from asymptomatic to multiorgan dysfunction.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 35-year-old man living in Zhuhai,Guangdong,China,who had repeated high fever with a maximum body temperature of 40.2°C and elevated white blood cells and procalcitonin levels.After 7 d of persistent high fever,the patient developed rash,abdominal pain,and symptoms of peritonitis.Within 24 h after admission,the patient developed diffuse peritonitis and pneumonedema,requiring ventilator support in the intensive care unit.However,there was no eschar on the body,and the first Weil-Felix test was negative.Taking into account that the patient had a history of jungle activities,doxycycline combined with meropenem was selected.The patient improved,healed,and was discharged after a week.The diagnosis of scrub typhus was confirmed by a repeat Weil-Felix test(Oxk 1:640),and pathology of the appendix resected by laparotomy suggests vasculitis.CONCLUSION This rare presentation of peritonitis,pulmonary edema,and pancreatitis caused by scrub typhus reminds physicians to be alert to the possibility of scrub typhus.

Association between scrub typhus encephalitis and diffusion tensor tractography detection of Papez circuit injury:A case report

BACKGROUND It is difficult to restore the cognitive functions of patients with impaired cognition caused by brain injury.Diffusion tensor imaging can visualize the integrity of neural tracts in the white matter(WM)three-dimensionally.It is unclear whether encephalitis following scrub typhus damages the WM.For the first time,we aimed to report diffusion tensor tractography(DTT)findings in a chronic patient with cognitive impairment following scrub typhus encephalitis,which revealed injury to the Papez circuit of the WM.CASE SUMMARY A 70-year-old male patient was affected by encephalitis caused by scrub typhus that occurred 23 years ago.He had poor cognition and his clinical examination findings were as follows:Mini-Mental Status Examination score,14;and handgrip strength(right/left,kg),32.3/31.3.DTT revealed serious injuries of the left thalamocingulate tract and right mammillothalamic tract in the Papez circuit,and a partial injury of the anterior part of the fornix.CONCLUSION Using DTT,we found a relationship between cognitive impairment and the integrity of the Papez circuit following scrub typhus.

A Case Report of Scrub Typhus: Secondary Acute Arrest of Hemopoiesis with Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndromes

Scrub typhus is a zoonotic disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi) in which humans are accidental hosts. Acute arrest of hemopoiesis (AAH) always manifests in pancytopenia and with supportive treatment or inducement removal, the AAH patients would show significant improvement in blood routine for about a week. As a rapidly progressive and potentially life-threatening organ function disorder syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is often induced by many factors including infection, illness and injury. We received a rare case of scrub typhus rapidly presenting with AAH and MODS 2 weeks ago. The clinical data of a 32-year-old female with O. tsutsugamushi-induced AAH and MODS was summarized retrospectively and analyzed with a literature review. In this case, we selected tigecycline and moxifloxacin as treatment regimens for scrub typhus. When the potential infection was controlled, her pancytopenia and hepatic function rapidly improved in a few days.

Spontaneous splenic rupture associated with scrub typhus: a case report

Background Scrub typhus,an acute febrile disease with mild to severe,life-threatening manifestations,potentially presents with a variety of complications,including pneumonia,acute respiratory distress syndrome,cardiac arrhyth-mias(such as atrial fibrillation),myocarditis,shock,peptic ulcer,gastrointestinal bleeding,meningitis,encephalitis,and renal failure.Of the various complications associated with scrub typhus,splenic rupture has rarely been reported,and its mechanisms are unknown.This study reports a case of scrub typhus-related spontaneous splenic rupture and identifies possible mechanisms through the gross and histopathologic findings.Case presentation A 78-year-old man presented to our emergency room with a 5-day history of fever and skin rash.On physical examination,eschar was observed on the left upper abdominal quadrant.The abdomen was not ten-der,and there was no history of trauma.The Orientia tsutsugamushi antibody titer using the indirect immunofluo-rescent antibody test was 1:640.On Day 6 of hospitalization,he complained of sudden-onset left upper abdominal quadrant pain and showed mental changes.His vital signs were a blood pressure of 70/40 mmHg,a heart rate pf 140 beats per min,and a respiratory rate of 20 breaths per min,with a temperature of 36.8℃.There were no signs of gastrointestinal bleeding,such as hematemesis,melena,or hematochezia.Grey Turner's sign was suspected during an abdominal examination.Portable ultrasonography showed retroperitoneal bleeding,so an emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed,leading to a diagnosis of hemoperitoneum due to splenic rupture and a sple-nectomy.The patient had been taking oral doxycycline(1o0 mg twice daily)for 6 days;after surgery,this was dis-continued,and intravenous azithromycin(500 mg daily)was administered.No arrhythmia associated with azithro-mycin was observed.However,renal failure with hemodialysis,persistent hyperbilirubinemia,and multiorgan failure occurred.The patient did not recover and died on the fifty-sixth day of hospitalization.Conclusions Clinicians should consider the possibility of splenic rupture in patients with scrub typhus who display sudden-onset abdominal pain and unstable vital signs.In addition,splenic capsular rupture and extra-capsular hem-orrhage are thought to be caused by splenomegaly and capsular distention resulting from red blood cell congestion in the red pulp destroying the splenic sinus.

Real-world utility of serological tests in patients with suspected scrub typhus in the Republic of Korea:A single-center,retrospective,observational study

Objective:Serological tests are widely used for scrub typhus diagnosis;however,their limitations are evident.This study aims to assess their practical value in clinical settings.Methods:We analyzed the data of adult patients with suspected scrub typhus who visited a tertiary care hospital in the Republic of Korea from September to December from 2019 to 2021.The included patients had an acute fever and at least one of the following ten secondary findings:myalgia,skin rash,eschar,headache,thrombocytopenia,increased liver enzyme levels,lymphadenopathy,hepatomegaly,splenomegaly,and pleural effusion.The diagnoses were grouped as scrub typhus or other diseases by two infectious disease physicians.Results:Among 136 patients who met the eligibility criteria,109 had scrub typhus and 27 had different diseases.Single and paired total antibodies using immunofluorescence assay(IFA),and total antibodies using immunochromatography-based rapid diagnostic testing(ICT)were measured in 98%,22%,and 75%of all patients,respectively.Confirmation using paired samples for scrub typhus was established at a median of 11[interquartile range(IQR)10-16]days following the first visit.Among the 82 admitted patients,the median admission time was 9(IQR 7-13)days.According to IFA,58(55%)patients with scrub typhus had total immunoglobulin titers≥1:320,while 23(85%)patients with other disease had titers<1:320.Positive ICT results were observed in 64(74%)patients with scrub typhus and 10(67%)patients with other diseases showed negative ICT results.Conclusions:Serological testing for scrub typhus is currently insufficient for decision-making in clinical practice.

Omadacycline in the treatment of scrub typhus:Three case reports

BACKGROUND Scrub typhus is a naturally occurring acute infectious disease that is primarily transmitted through the bites of chiggers or larval mites infected by Orientia tsutsugamushi(O.tsutsugamushi).Omadacycline,a novel tetracycline,exhibits potent antibacterial efficacy against both typical bacteria and atypical pathogens.However,omadacycline application in the treatment of scrub typhus remains limited.CASE SUMMARY In the present work,we report several cases of scrub typhus,with the main clinical symptoms being fever,the formation of eschars or ulcers,local or systemic lymphadenopathy,headache,myalgia and rash.Blood samples were collected before omadacycline was administered,and O.tsutsugamushi infection was confirmed through targeted next-generation sequencing(tNGS).After two days of treatment,the patients’symptoms,including fever,were alleviated,with no adverse drug reactions.CONCLUSION tNGS is an effective method for diagnosing scrub typhus.Omadacycline can be considered an alternative option for antiinfective therapy in patients with O.tsutsugamushi infections.

2011—2021年深圳市南山区恙虫病流行特征分析

目的了解深圳市南山区恙虫病的流行特征,为制定和完善恙虫病防控措施提供参考依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2011—2021年南山区恙虫病报告病例信息,对该病的三间分布及病例就诊方式、临床症状、暴露方式等特征进行描述,并采用时空扫描分析方法分析时空聚集情况。结果2011—2021年南山区共报告恙虫病病例181例,年均报告发病率为1.08/10万,年报告发病率为0.58/10万~2.28/10万;报告病例集中在5—11月(91.16%,165/181)。男性报告病例100例,女性81例,性别比为1.23∶1;40~49岁年龄组病例占比最高(26.52%,48/181);职业以工人最多(28.73%,52/181)。发病时首选综合医院就诊的病例占60.77%(110/181),首诊即诊断为恙虫病/疑似恙虫病的比例为51.38%(93/181)。病例主要症状有发热(100.00%,181/181)、特异性焦痂或溃疡(97.79%,177/181)和头痛(65.19%,118/181)。暴露方式前3位的为户外散步(43.65%,79/181)、野外作业(29.28%,53/181)和坐卧草地(22.65%,41/181)。疫点主要分布在南山区的招商、西丽和南头等3个街道(78.45%,142/181)。时空扫描显示,2017—2019年招商街道的文竹园社区为Ⅰ级聚集区。结论南山区恙虫病呈散发流行,建议积极开展虫媒监测与防制,加强对人群的健康教育,并提高临床医务人员对于恙虫病的诊疗水平。

江西地区恙虫病74例临床特征及预后分析

目的 分析江西地区恙虫病患者的临床特征及预后。方法 回顾性分析南昌大学第二附属医院2012年1月—2020年12月住院的恙虫病患者临床资料。按严重程度进行急性生理与慢性健康评估(APACHEⅡ)评分分为两组,比较两组病例的临床特征、治疗及预后情况,采用二元logistic回归分析恙虫病重症组独立危险因素。结果 74例恙虫病患者以中年(59.46%)和老年(35.14%)为主,中、老年患者病情重症化比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.923,P=0.015)。农民和林业工人分别占77.03%和16.22%,81.08%有感染接触史,43.24%就诊前使用过抗生素,发病时间集中于夏季(48.65%)和秋季(32.43%),发病地集中于抚州市(43.24%)和宜春市(22.97%)。临床表现均有特征性焦痂,以发热(95.95%)、头痛(41.89%)、淋巴结肿大(56.76%)、肝脾肿大(47.30%)为主。所有患者嗜酸粒细胞均降低,血小板下降(54.05%)、白蛋白降低(94.59%)、肝转氨酶升高(91.89%)、白细胞水平正常(59.46%)、血肌酐升高(21.62%)。重症恙虫病的显著危险因素为林业工人、肺部感染、尿蛋白升高、退热时间长、血肌酐、误诊,优势比(OR)分别为12.913、3.600、6.600、3.440、1.079、134.923(均P<0.05)。结论 江西地区恙虫病患者主要集中在抚州、宜春等地,多为夏秋农忙两季的中老年林业工人,临床上以高热、特征性焦痂、血管外渗表现突出,实验室检查可见白细胞正常或降低、白蛋白及嗜酸粒细胞显著降低,常出现中毒性肝炎、肺部感染,如早期未能及时诊断,易出现重症化。

2013—2022年厦门市恙虫病流行病学特征及趋势预测

目的 分析近年来厦门市恙虫病的流行特征并对今后的流行趋势进行预测,为当地制定防控措施提供依据。方法 收集2013—2022年厦门市报告的恙虫病病例资料,采用描述流行病学方法对疾病的三间分布进行分析;同时使用季节性自回归移动平均(seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average,SARIMA)模型对2023—2025年厦门市恙虫病的发病趋势进行预测。结果 2013—2022年,厦门市共报告恙虫病病例862例,年均发病率为2.06/10万,不同年份的发病率总体呈波动下降趋势(χ~2_(趋势)=170.74,P<0.05)。时间分布上存在较为明显的季节性和周期性,呈现双峰分布:发病主要集中在5—10月(737例,占85.50%),其中6—7月和9—10月出现2个发病高峰。不同地区中,报告年均发病率较高的是海沧区(3.56/10万)、思明区(2.64/10万)和同安区(1.95/10万)。人群分布上,报告病例的男女比例为1.09∶1,男女报告发病率均为2.06/10万;报告病例平均年龄(46.97±17.35)岁,发病年龄主要集中在40~69岁(547例,占63.46%),其中50~59岁年龄组的报告病例数最多(228例,占26.45%),60~69岁年龄组的报告发病率最高(6.75/10万);不同职业中,家务及待业人群的报告病例数最多(208例,占24.13%),其次为农民(197例,占22.85%)。报告病例从发病到诊断的时间间隔中位数为7(4,12)d。SARI-MA(2,0,0)(0,1,1)[12]模型可以较好地预测厦门市恙虫病流行趋势(RMSE=0.50,R2=0.75),对2023、2024和2025年发病数的预测值分别为42例、39例和36例。对2023年1—9月的预测数据进行验证,实际发病数据均位于SARIMA模型的预测区间(RMSE=7.84,R~2=0.76)。结论 厦门市恙虫病发病率总体呈波动下降趋势,2023—2025年预计将保持中等流行水平。

2010—2021年三明市沙县区恙虫病流行特征分析

目的:了解三明市沙县区恙虫病流行特征,为制定防治策略和控制措施提供科学依据。方法:利用2010—2021年沙县区“疾病监测信息报告管理系统”中的监测报告卡信息,运用SPSS 18.0软件进行汇总分析。结果:2010—2021年沙县区共报告恙虫病419例,年均发病率为12.85/10万。呈散发态势,各乡镇均有病例报告;有一定的地域集中性,前4位乡镇(高桥、凤岗、富口、夏茂)占全区病例的85.44%(358/419);季节性明显,高峰期6—10月的发病构成比占83.53%(350/419);发病年龄最低为4岁、最高为90岁,以40~79岁人群较为高发,占83.05%(348/419);发病率男女性别比为1.06∶1;职业以农民为主,占83.53%。结论:沙县区恙虫病流行呈散发态势,同时具有地域集中性和明显季节性,以农民为主,应重视并加强防治工作。建议加强监测,在高发地区、高发季节针对重点人群采取针对性防控措施。