Noted for its elegant gardens, Gushan(Solitary Hill) Park in Hangzhouhas recently embellished its land-scape with over 50 sculptures, byartists from China, the U.S., the U.K., Italy,the Republic of Korea and Slovakia.
Asang in His Clay Sculpture Studio One year after I had interviewed Asang I was to meet him again. The workshop was still called"Clay Statues Shop"located in the Barkor Street.Stepping inside,I was greeting ...Asang in His Clay Sculpture Studio One year after I had interviewed Asang I was to meet him again. The workshop was still called"Clay Statues Shop"located in the Barkor Street.Stepping inside,I was greeting by his two little apprentices.It seemed that they easily recognized me and smiled happily at me.展开更多
Some 1,300 years ago,the 32nd tsampo of the Tubo Kingdom unified whole TibetPlateau and founded the Tubo Kingdom Lhasa was made its capital. From then on,the city of Lhasa fell prey to scrambles between various genera...Some 1,300 years ago,the 32nd tsampo of the Tubo Kingdom unified whole TibetPlateau and founded the Tubo Kingdom Lhasa was made its capital. From then on,the city of Lhasa fell prey to scrambles between various generations of Tibetankings and Buddhist sects.展开更多
Human beings rely on natural instinct to feel the world from the beginning of life, the experience in the spatial place reveals the essential point contacting man and environment, also sublimates the relationship betw...Human beings rely on natural instinct to feel the world from the beginning of life, the experience in the spatial place reveals the essential point contacting man and environment, also sublimates the relationship between man and environment. To deepen the understanding of the experience in the spatial place, we shift the origin of environmental landscape design from "design environment" to "design experience". The essence of experience is to arouse perception, such as senses, emotions, spirits, thinking, action to participate, among which "form, space, quality" as the carrier of landscape sculpture's place spirit and experience co-form a complete spatial place imagery of landscape sculpture. Place experience makes people able to experience a more detailed and richer world, these construction activities bring innovation consciousness with inner vitality, and detail the means of man observing the world while seeking a pluralistic world.展开更多
Zhang Runzhi is a clay sculptor who did not study art in college. Her sculptures, however, are popular and appreciated by people. She has created such characters from famous Chinese classical works as Lin Daiyu from D...Zhang Runzhi is a clay sculptor who did not study art in college. Her sculptures, however, are popular and appreciated by people. She has created such characters from famous Chinese classical works as Lin Daiyu from Dream of Red Mansions; Lu Zhishen from Outlaws of the Marsh; Monk Tang Seng and his three disciples from Journey to the West; the White Snake, Xuxian and the Green Snake from Legend of the White Snake; as well as the Buddhas展开更多
This article discusses the visual aspects of the birth of Dionysus/Bacchus,the God of Agriculture,Revelry,and Wine,in classical art.It examines the historical and iconographic aspects of the infant Dionysus’s custody...This article discusses the visual aspects of the birth of Dionysus/Bacchus,the God of Agriculture,Revelry,and Wine,in classical art.It examines the historical and iconographic aspects of the infant Dionysus’s custody by two deities,Silenus and Mercury,in ancient classical art,particularly in Roman frescoes and sculptural reliefs,and its echoes in Italian Renaissance engravings.展开更多
By analyzing the role of public art in the construction and development of urban landscape, the concept of public art and its regional meaning are analyzed, the relation between public art and city sculpture is explai...By analyzing the role of public art in the construction and development of urban landscape, the concept of public art and its regional meaning are analyzed, the relation between public art and city sculpture is explained, it is pointed out that city sculpture could enhance the landscape of urban space and enrich public art. The functions of city sculpture are expounded in details, including guiding spatial communication, creating the sociality of humanistic environment, and communicating space with human. With the design of city sculpture at the entrance of Xiasi County in Southeast part of Guizhou Province for example, its location and status are analyzed, highlighting its special location advantages as well as the historical business climate, the sculpture integrates the ancient corn which represents commercial culture with butterfly which embodies the totem of Miao nationalities in Southeast Guizhou Province, therefore brings both the visual impact and culture features. Here the significance of regional city sculpture is summarized, it is emphasized that the city sculpture is the material carrier of city culture, the cultural source of original design elements and the concrete manifestation of regional spirit.展开更多
By making use of the advantages of non-uniform rational B-spline （NURBS） curves to represent spatial curves, an instruction format with double NURBS curves suitable for 5-axis coordinated real-time interpolation is ...By making use of the advantages of non-uniform rational B-spline （NURBS） curves to represent spatial curves, an instruction format with double NURBS curves suitable for 5-axis coordinated real-time interpolation is presented to replace the current 5-axis coordinated linear interpolation method defective in low-speed, low-accuracy and enormous numerical control （NC） files in sculptured surface machining. A generation procedure of the NC files with the presented format is introduced and the method to realize the interpolation in an open computer numerical control （CNC） system is developed by ourselves. These illustrated the feasibility of the proposed method and its capability of avoiding all the shortages of 5-axis linear interpolation method.展开更多
The current research of the 5-axis tool positioning algorithm mainly focuses on searching the local optimal tool position without gouging and interference at a cutter contact（CC） point,while not considering the smoo...The current research of the 5-axis tool positioning algorithm mainly focuses on searching the local optimal tool position without gouging and interference at a cutter contact（CC） point,while not considering the smoothness and continuity of a whole tool path.When the surface curvature varies significantly,a local abrupt change of tool paths will happen.The abrupt change has a great influence on surface machining quality.In order to keep generated tool paths smooth and continuous,a five-axis tool positioning algorithm based on smooth tool paths is presented.Firstly,the inclination angle,the tilt angle and offset distance of the tool at a CC point are used as design variables,and the machining strip width is used as an objective function,an optimization model of a local tool positioning algorithm is thus established.Then,a vector equation of tool path is derived by using the above optimization model.By analyzing the equation,the main factors affecting the tool path quality are obtained.Finally,a new tool position optimization model is established,and the detailed process of tool position optimization is also given.An experiment is conducted to machine an aircraft turbine blade by using the proposed algorithm on a 5-axis blade grinding machine,and the machined blade surface is measured with a coordinate measuring machine（CMM）.Experimental and measured results show that the proposed algorithm can ensure tool paths are smooth and continuous,improve the tool path quality,avoid the local abrupt change of tool paths,and enhance machining quality and machining efficiency of sculptured surfaces.展开更多
The water-conducting network of capillaries in vascular plants has evolved over hundreds of millions of years in order to be able to cope with bubble clogging,a problem which also affects modern microfluidic devices.D...The water-conducting network of capillaries in vascular plants has evolved over hundreds of millions of years in order to be able to cope with bubble clogging,a problem which also affects modern microfluidic devices.Decades of anatomical studies have revealed that plants growing in habitats in which the formation of bubbles,or emboli,is likely to be a frequent occurrence often have various forms of geometrical sculpturing on the internal surfaces of the xylem conduits.The possible function of such wall sculpturing has long been the subject of speculation.We have investigated the hypothesis that wall sculpturing is a functional adaptation designed to increase the wettability of the walls of xylem conduits,an effect which could be described as the inverse of the well-known lotus-effect.Our results show that wall sculpturing does enhance wettability.Importantly,theoretical calculations reveal that the geometric parameters of various types of wall sculpturing are such that the resulting surfaces are sufficiently rough to enhance wettability,but not significantly rougher.The results provide an appealing answer to the long-standing debate on the function of wall sculpturing in xylem conduits,and may provide biomimetic clues for new approaches to the removal of bubbles in microfluidic channels.展开更多
A method for measuring the sculptured surface of rotation by using coordinatemeasuring machine (CMM) and rotary table is proposed. The measurement is realized during thecontinuous rotation of the workpiece mounted on ...A method for measuring the sculptured surface of rotation by using coordinatemeasuring machine (CMM) and rotary table is proposed. The measurement is realized during thecontinuous rotation of the workpiece mounted on the rotary table while the probe moves along thegeneratrix of the surface step by step. This method possesses lots of advantages such as simplicityof probe motion, high reliability and efficiency. Some key techniques including calibration of theeffective radius of the probing system, determination of the position of axis of rotation,auto-centering of the workpiece, data processing algorithm, are discussed. Approaches fordetermining the coordinates on measured surface, establishing workpiece coordinate system andsurface fitting are presented in detail. The method can be used with contact or non-contact probes.Some fragile ceramic and plaster parts are measured by using the system consisting of a CMM, rotarytable, motorized head and non-contact laser triangulation probe. The measuring uncertainty is about0.02 mm which meets the general requirement in most cases.展开更多
Bitmap （BMP） is a widely used format in image processing. With the combination of the digital image processing and computer numerically controlled （NC） techniques, we developed a bitmap-based NC single-step and mu...Bitmap （BMP） is a widely used format in image processing. With the combination of the digital image processing and computer numerically controlled （NC） techniques, we developed a bitmap-based NC single-step and multi-dot method. An example was provided to illustrate the application and principle of this bitmap-based method in our newly innovated sandblasting glass NC sculpture system.展开更多
During the most recent years, a variety of new techniques of penile reconstruction have been described in the literature. This paper focuses on the most recent advances in male genital reconstruction after trauma, exc...During the most recent years, a variety of new techniques of penile reconstruction have been described in the literature. This paper focuses on the most recent advances in male genital reconstruction after trauma, excision of benign and malignant disease, in gender reassignment surgery and aphallia with emphasis on surgical technique, cosmetic and functional outcome.展开更多
A new method for generating tool paths for rough machining of sculpturedsurface is presented in this paper. The sculptured surface is approximated by a regular mesh ofquadrangular facets. A set of equidistant horizont...A new method for generating tool paths for rough machining of sculpturedsurface is presented in this paper. The sculptured surface is approximated by a regular mesh ofquadrangular facets. A set of equidistant horizontal planes are assigned to intersect the blank ofmachined part and surface model , resulting in a series of contours, which demarcate the feasiblecutting regions of each layer of material removal. The desired cutter path is computed through NCprogramming and any gouging between the cutter and the part being machined is detected and correctedautomatically. The proposed algorithm successfully solves the problem of layered milling forsculptured surface with nested islands.展开更多
This paper presents a new approach for designing the tool paths in the machining of sculptured surfaces for computer nu- merical controlled end milling. In the proposed method, the tool paths are determined so that th...This paper presents a new approach for designing the tool paths in the machining of sculptured surfaces for computer nu- merical controlled end milling. In the proposed method, the tool paths are determined so that the scallop height formed by two adja- cent machining paths is maintained constant across the machined surface. Unlike previous work on iso-scallop height milling, the present work considers the true 3D configuration of the milling procedure and can be used to generate better results, which is shown by examoles.展开更多
文摘Noted for its elegant gardens, Gushan(Solitary Hill) Park in Hangzhouhas recently embellished its land-scape with over 50 sculptures, byartists from China, the U.S., the U.K., Italy,the Republic of Korea and Slovakia.
文摘Asang in His Clay Sculpture Studio One year after I had interviewed Asang I was to meet him again. The workshop was still called"Clay Statues Shop"located in the Barkor Street.Stepping inside,I was greeting by his two little apprentices.It seemed that they easily recognized me and smiled happily at me.
文摘Some 1,300 years ago,the 32nd tsampo of the Tubo Kingdom unified whole TibetPlateau and founded the Tubo Kingdom Lhasa was made its capital. From then on,the city of Lhasa fell prey to scrambles between various generations of Tibetankings and Buddhist sects.
文摘Human beings rely on natural instinct to feel the world from the beginning of life, the experience in the spatial place reveals the essential point contacting man and environment, also sublimates the relationship between man and environment. To deepen the understanding of the experience in the spatial place, we shift the origin of environmental landscape design from "design environment" to "design experience". The essence of experience is to arouse perception, such as senses, emotions, spirits, thinking, action to participate, among which "form, space, quality" as the carrier of landscape sculpture's place spirit and experience co-form a complete spatial place imagery of landscape sculpture. Place experience makes people able to experience a more detailed and richer world, these construction activities bring innovation consciousness with inner vitality, and detail the means of man observing the world while seeking a pluralistic world.
文摘Zhang Runzhi is a clay sculptor who did not study art in college. Her sculptures, however, are popular and appreciated by people. She has created such characters from famous Chinese classical works as Lin Daiyu from Dream of Red Mansions; Lu Zhishen from Outlaws of the Marsh; Monk Tang Seng and his three disciples from Journey to the West; the White Snake, Xuxian and the Green Snake from Legend of the White Snake; as well as the Buddhas
文摘This article discusses the visual aspects of the birth of Dionysus/Bacchus,the God of Agriculture,Revelry,and Wine,in classical art.It examines the historical and iconographic aspects of the infant Dionysus’s custody by two deities,Silenus and Mercury,in ancient classical art,particularly in Roman frescoes and sculptural reliefs,and its echoes in Italian Renaissance engravings.
文摘By analyzing the role of public art in the construction and development of urban landscape, the concept of public art and its regional meaning are analyzed, the relation between public art and city sculpture is explained, it is pointed out that city sculpture could enhance the landscape of urban space and enrich public art. The functions of city sculpture are expounded in details, including guiding spatial communication, creating the sociality of humanistic environment, and communicating space with human. With the design of city sculpture at the entrance of Xiasi County in Southeast part of Guizhou Province for example, its location and status are analyzed, highlighting its special location advantages as well as the historical business climate, the sculpture integrates the ancient corn which represents commercial culture with butterfly which embodies the totem of Miao nationalities in Southeast Guizhou Province, therefore brings both the visual impact and culture features. Here the significance of regional city sculpture is summarized, it is emphasized that the city sculpture is the material carrier of city culture, the cultural source of original design elements and the concrete manifestation of regional spirit.
文摘By making use of the advantages of non-uniform rational B-spline （NURBS） curves to represent spatial curves, an instruction format with double NURBS curves suitable for 5-axis coordinated real-time interpolation is presented to replace the current 5-axis coordinated linear interpolation method defective in low-speed, low-accuracy and enormous numerical control （NC） files in sculptured surface machining. A generation procedure of the NC files with the presented format is introduced and the method to realize the interpolation in an open computer numerical control （CNC） system is developed by ourselves. These illustrated the feasibility of the proposed method and its capability of avoiding all the shortages of 5-axis linear interpolation method.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50875012)National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, Grant No. 2008AA04Z124)+1 种基金National Science and Technology Major Project of China (Grant No. 2009ZX04001-141)Joint Construction Project of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education of China
文摘The current research of the 5-axis tool positioning algorithm mainly focuses on searching the local optimal tool position without gouging and interference at a cutter contact（CC） point,while not considering the smoothness and continuity of a whole tool path.When the surface curvature varies significantly,a local abrupt change of tool paths will happen.The abrupt change has a great influence on surface machining quality.In order to keep generated tool paths smooth and continuous,a five-axis tool positioning algorithm based on smooth tool paths is presented.Firstly,the inclination angle,the tilt angle and offset distance of the tool at a CC point are used as design variables,and the machining strip width is used as an objective function,an optimization model of a local tool positioning algorithm is thus established.Then,a vector equation of tool path is derived by using the above optimization model.By analyzing the equation,the main factors affecting the tool path quality are obtained.Finally,a new tool position optimization model is established,and the detailed process of tool position optimization is also given.An experiment is conducted to machine an aircraft turbine blade by using the proposed algorithm on a 5-axis blade grinding machine,and the machined blade surface is measured with a coordinate measuring machine（CMM）.Experimental and measured results show that the proposed algorithm can ensure tool paths are smooth and continuous,improve the tool path quality,avoid the local abrupt change of tool paths,and enhance machining quality and machining efficiency of sculptured surfaces.
文摘The water-conducting network of capillaries in vascular plants has evolved over hundreds of millions of years in order to be able to cope with bubble clogging,a problem which also affects modern microfluidic devices.Decades of anatomical studies have revealed that plants growing in habitats in which the formation of bubbles,or emboli,is likely to be a frequent occurrence often have various forms of geometrical sculpturing on the internal surfaces of the xylem conduits.The possible function of such wall sculpturing has long been the subject of speculation.We have investigated the hypothesis that wall sculpturing is a functional adaptation designed to increase the wettability of the walls of xylem conduits,an effect which could be described as the inverse of the well-known lotus-effect.Our results show that wall sculpturing does enhance wettability.Importantly,theoretical calculations reveal that the geometric parameters of various types of wall sculpturing are such that the resulting surfaces are sufficiently rough to enhance wettability,but not significantly rougher.The results provide an appealing answer to the long-standing debate on the function of wall sculpturing in xylem conduits,and may provide biomimetic clues for new approaches to the removal of bubbles in microfluidic channels.
文摘A method for measuring the sculptured surface of rotation by using coordinatemeasuring machine (CMM) and rotary table is proposed. The measurement is realized during thecontinuous rotation of the workpiece mounted on the rotary table while the probe moves along thegeneratrix of the surface step by step. This method possesses lots of advantages such as simplicityof probe motion, high reliability and efficiency. Some key techniques including calibration of theeffective radius of the probing system, determination of the position of axis of rotation,auto-centering of the workpiece, data processing algorithm, are discussed. Approaches fordetermining the coordinates on measured surface, establishing workpiece coordinate system andsurface fitting are presented in detail. The method can be used with contact or non-contact probes.Some fragile ceramic and plaster parts are measured by using the system consisting of a CMM, rotarytable, motorized head and non-contact laser triangulation probe. The measuring uncertainty is about0.02 mm which meets the general requirement in most cases.
基金the Scientific and Technological Research Project of Ningxia Autonomous Region(Grant No.2002-014-05)
文摘Bitmap （BMP） is a widely used format in image processing. With the combination of the digital image processing and computer numerically controlled （NC） techniques, we developed a bitmap-based NC single-step and multi-dot method. An example was provided to illustrate the application and principle of this bitmap-based method in our newly innovated sandblasting glass NC sculpture system.
文摘During the most recent years, a variety of new techniques of penile reconstruction have been described in the literature. This paper focuses on the most recent advances in male genital reconstruction after trauma, excision of benign and malignant disease, in gender reassignment surgery and aphallia with emphasis on surgical technique, cosmetic and functional outcome.
文摘A new method for generating tool paths for rough machining of sculpturedsurface is presented in this paper. The sculptured surface is approximated by a regular mesh ofquadrangular facets. A set of equidistant horizontal planes are assigned to intersect the blank ofmachined part and surface model , resulting in a series of contours, which demarcate the feasiblecutting regions of each layer of material removal. The desired cutter path is computed through NCprogramming and any gouging between the cutter and the part being machined is detected and correctedautomatically. The proposed algorithm successfully solves the problem of layered milling forsculptured surface with nested islands.
基金Partially supported by a grant from NSFC (60821002)
文摘This paper presents a new approach for designing the tool paths in the machining of sculptured surfaces for computer nu- merical controlled end milling. In the proposed method, the tool paths are determined so that the scallop height formed by two adja- cent machining paths is maintained constant across the machined surface. Unlike previous work on iso-scallop height milling, the present work considers the true 3D configuration of the milling procedure and can be used to generate better results, which is shown by examoles.
