It can be seen from the calculation that the vulnerable area along China's coast in which the elevation is less than 5 m, is 143 900 km2, accounting for about 11. 3% of the total area of the 11 coastal provinces, ...It can be seen from the calculation that the vulnerable area along China's coast in which the elevation is less than 5 m, is 143 900 km2, accounting for about 11. 3% of the total area of the 11 coastal provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. These areas are threatened to varying extent by sea level rise. According to prediction, the relative sea level rise (including global sea level rise caused by climate change and local relative as level rise caused by vertical crust movement and ground subsidence) along China's coast will be 4～16 cm by the year 2030 with the optimum estimated value of 6～14cm. It will be 9～26 cm by the year 2050 with the optimum estimated value of 12-23 cm. And it will be 31-74 cm by the year 2100 with the optimum estimated value of 47～65 cm. The calcuation result shows that the percentage of the cost for up-grading (heightening and consolidating) sea dykes/walls in adaptation strategy in the losses of submerged areas varies from area to area: 6. 9% in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River Deta, 1. 3% ～24. 6% in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta, and 0. 9%～2. 0% in the Huanghe River Delta.展开更多
High hydrostatic pressure,low temperature,and scarce food supply are the major factors that limit the survival of vertebrates in extreme deep-sea environments.Here,we constructed a high-quality genome of the deep-sea ...High hydrostatic pressure,low temperature,and scarce food supply are the major factors that limit the survival of vertebrates in extreme deep-sea environments.Here,we constructed a high-quality genome of the deep-sea Muddy arrowtooth eel(MAE,Ilyophis brunneus,captured below a depth of 3,500 m)by using Illumina,Pac Bio,and Hi-C sequencing.We compare it against those of shallow-water eel and other outgroups to explore the genetic basis that underlies the adaptive evolution to deep-sea biomes.The MAE genome was estimated to be 1.47 Gb and assembled into 14 pseudo-chromosomes.Phylogenetic analyses indicated that MAE diverged from its closely related shallow-sea species,European eel,~111.9 Mya and experienced a rapid evolution.The genome evolutionary analyses primarily revealed the following:(i)under high hydrostatic pressure,the positively selected gene TUBGCP3 and the expanded family MLC1 may improve the cytoskeleton stability;ACOX1 may enhance the fluidity of cell membrane and maintain transport activity;the expansion of ABCC12 gene family may enhance the integrity of DNA;(ii)positively selected HARS likely maintain the transcription ability at low temperatures;and(iii)energy metabolism under a food-limited environment may be increased by expanded and positively selected genes in AMPK and m TOR signaling pathways.展开更多
文摘It can be seen from the calculation that the vulnerable area along China's coast in which the elevation is less than 5 m, is 143 900 km2, accounting for about 11. 3% of the total area of the 11 coastal provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. These areas are threatened to varying extent by sea level rise. According to prediction, the relative sea level rise (including global sea level rise caused by climate change and local relative as level rise caused by vertical crust movement and ground subsidence) along China's coast will be 4～16 cm by the year 2030 with the optimum estimated value of 6～14cm. It will be 9～26 cm by the year 2050 with the optimum estimated value of 12-23 cm. And it will be 31-74 cm by the year 2100 with the optimum estimated value of 47～65 cm. The calcuation result shows that the percentage of the cost for up-grading (heightening and consolidating) sea dykes/walls in adaptation strategy in the losses of submerged areas varies from area to area: 6. 9% in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River Deta, 1. 3% ～24. 6% in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta, and 0. 9%～2. 0% in the Huanghe River Delta.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB42000000,XDB06010105)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC0309800)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41876179)the Major scientific and technological projects of Hainan Province (2019PT03)to S.P.H。
文摘High hydrostatic pressure,low temperature,and scarce food supply are the major factors that limit the survival of vertebrates in extreme deep-sea environments.Here,we constructed a high-quality genome of the deep-sea Muddy arrowtooth eel(MAE,Ilyophis brunneus,captured below a depth of 3,500 m)by using Illumina,Pac Bio,and Hi-C sequencing.We compare it against those of shallow-water eel and other outgroups to explore the genetic basis that underlies the adaptive evolution to deep-sea biomes.The MAE genome was estimated to be 1.47 Gb and assembled into 14 pseudo-chromosomes.Phylogenetic analyses indicated that MAE diverged from its closely related shallow-sea species,European eel,~111.9 Mya and experienced a rapid evolution.The genome evolutionary analyses primarily revealed the following:(i)under high hydrostatic pressure,the positively selected gene TUBGCP3 and the expanded family MLC1 may improve the cytoskeleton stability;ACOX1 may enhance the fluidity of cell membrane and maintain transport activity;the expansion of ABCC12 gene family may enhance the integrity of DNA;(ii)positively selected HARS likely maintain the transcription ability at low temperatures;and(iii)energy metabolism under a food-limited environment may be increased by expanded and positively selected genes in AMPK and m TOR signaling pathways.
