On March 16–17, 2008, a sea fog occurred in Dianbai in the west of Guangdong Province and was accompanied by a high-pressure synoptic system. Using comprehensive observation datasets, this study analyzes the evolutio...On March 16–17, 2008, a sea fog occurred in Dianbai in the west of Guangdong Province and was accompanied by a high-pressure synoptic system. Using comprehensive observation datasets, this study analyzes the evolution of liquid water content during this sea fog and investigates the relationships between liquid water content and the average diameters and count densities of fog droplets, air temperature, wind speed and turbulence exchanges. The main results are presented as follows. (1) The sea fog showed a quasi-periodic oscillation characteristic, i.e., it developed, disappeared and then developed again. (2) During the sea fog, the number of fog droplets changed significantly while the changes in average diameter of the fog droplets were relatively small. The development and disappearance of the sea fog correlated significantly with the fog droplet numbers. (3) The air-cooling mechanism played a significant role in sea fog formation and development. However, the influences of this mechanism were not evident during fog persistence. (4) During sea fog formation, weak turbulence exchanges were helpful for fog formation. During sea fog development and persistence, liquid water content increased when turbulence exchanges weakened, and vice versa. The changes in turbulence exchanges were closely related to the quasi-periodic oscillations observed in sea fog presence.展开更多
中国南海高温高压油气藏开发过程中,井筒环空带压问题突出,一旦超过允许值将会影响安全生产。为了保证气井的正常生产,需要确定环空压力的合理范围,为此基于ISO 16530-1:2017标准和API RP 90-2的推荐做法,研究并建立了考虑管柱承压能力...中国南海高温高压油气藏开发过程中,井筒环空带压问题突出,一旦超过允许值将会影响安全生产。为了保证气井的正常生产,需要确定环空压力的合理范围,为此基于ISO 16530-1:2017标准和API RP 90-2的推荐做法,研究并建立了考虑管柱承压能力和关键节点校核的深水高温高压气井环空带压控制值计算模型以及一套环空压力管理图版。研究结果表明:(1)管柱承压能力计算主要针对环空对应的油管和套管;(2)关键节点校核计算主要针对井口装置、封隔器、井下安全阀和尾管悬挂器等;(3)建立了环空最小预留压力计算模型,以确保对深水高地层压力或井底高流压气井的环空施加一定的备压,保证井下管柱和工具在合理环空压力范围内正常工作;(4)以某深水气井为实例进行了计算与分析,得到了考虑和不考虑壁厚减薄情况下随投产时间变化的各环空带压控制值。结论认为,所建立的模型及图版应用于海上深水高温高压气井,使用简便、可操作性强,可以为深水高温高压气井及类似井的井筒环空压力管理提供借鉴。展开更多
利用瞬变扰动分析的原理,提供了一个可以客观判定海雾发生时天气类型的方法。在分类结果的基础上,对环流形势、散度和垂直速度以及温度湿度的垂直廓线等进行合成分析,得到低空(1 000 h Pa)为低压扰动下发生海雾(L型海雾)的环流和物理量...利用瞬变扰动分析的原理,提供了一个可以客观判定海雾发生时天气类型的方法。在分类结果的基础上,对环流形势、散度和垂直速度以及温度湿度的垂直廓线等进行合成分析,得到低空(1 000 h Pa)为低压扰动下发生海雾(L型海雾)的环流和物理量场基本特征,并与高压控制下海雾(H型海雾)进行对比,结果表明:1)L型海雾位势高度负异常扰动主要表现在低层,其平均值为-65.66 gpm,向上逐渐减弱;2)L型海雾在发生时其逆温强度小于H型海雾,雾层较厚,雾层上空湿度仍然比较大,而H型海雾雾层上空有比较明显的干层;3)L型海雾在垂直方向上的分布具有三层结构,第一层1 000~950 h Pa为辐合伴有弱上升和下沉运动,第二层950~850 h Pa为辐散伴有弱下沉运动,第三层850~500 h Pa为逐渐加强的上升运动;H型海雾为两层结构,1 000 h Pa为辐散伴有弱的上升和下沉运动,950~500 h Pa为一致的下沉运动;4)概率密度统计分析进一步定量表明了L型和H型海雾发生时垂直运动以及相对湿度在各层中的分布情况。这些结论对黄海西北部夏季低压环流形势下海雾的预报提供了重要参考。展开更多
基金Natural Science Foundation of China (40675013)Foundation project of Nanjing University of Information Science & TechnologyProject on natural science for universities and colleges in Jiangsu province
文摘On March 16–17, 2008, a sea fog occurred in Dianbai in the west of Guangdong Province and was accompanied by a high-pressure synoptic system. Using comprehensive observation datasets, this study analyzes the evolution of liquid water content during this sea fog and investigates the relationships between liquid water content and the average diameters and count densities of fog droplets, air temperature, wind speed and turbulence exchanges. The main results are presented as follows. (1) The sea fog showed a quasi-periodic oscillation characteristic, i.e., it developed, disappeared and then developed again. (2) During the sea fog, the number of fog droplets changed significantly while the changes in average diameter of the fog droplets were relatively small. The development and disappearance of the sea fog correlated significantly with the fog droplet numbers. (3) The air-cooling mechanism played a significant role in sea fog formation and development. However, the influences of this mechanism were not evident during fog persistence. (4) During sea fog formation, weak turbulence exchanges were helpful for fog formation. During sea fog development and persistence, liquid water content increased when turbulence exchanges weakened, and vice versa. The changes in turbulence exchanges were closely related to the quasi-periodic oscillations observed in sea fog presence.
文摘中国南海高温高压油气藏开发过程中,井筒环空带压问题突出,一旦超过允许值将会影响安全生产。为了保证气井的正常生产,需要确定环空压力的合理范围,为此基于ISO 16530-1:2017标准和API RP 90-2的推荐做法,研究并建立了考虑管柱承压能力和关键节点校核的深水高温高压气井环空带压控制值计算模型以及一套环空压力管理图版。研究结果表明:(1)管柱承压能力计算主要针对环空对应的油管和套管;(2)关键节点校核计算主要针对井口装置、封隔器、井下安全阀和尾管悬挂器等;(3)建立了环空最小预留压力计算模型,以确保对深水高地层压力或井底高流压气井的环空施加一定的备压,保证井下管柱和工具在合理环空压力范围内正常工作;(4)以某深水气井为实例进行了计算与分析,得到了考虑和不考虑壁厚减薄情况下随投产时间变化的各环空带压控制值。结论认为,所建立的模型及图版应用于海上深水高温高压气井,使用简便、可操作性强,可以为深水高温高压气井及类似井的井筒环空压力管理提供借鉴。
文摘利用瞬变扰动分析的原理,提供了一个可以客观判定海雾发生时天气类型的方法。在分类结果的基础上,对环流形势、散度和垂直速度以及温度湿度的垂直廓线等进行合成分析,得到低空(1 000 h Pa)为低压扰动下发生海雾(L型海雾)的环流和物理量场基本特征,并与高压控制下海雾(H型海雾)进行对比,结果表明:1)L型海雾位势高度负异常扰动主要表现在低层,其平均值为-65.66 gpm,向上逐渐减弱;2)L型海雾在发生时其逆温强度小于H型海雾,雾层较厚,雾层上空湿度仍然比较大,而H型海雾雾层上空有比较明显的干层;3)L型海雾在垂直方向上的分布具有三层结构,第一层1 000~950 h Pa为辐合伴有弱上升和下沉运动,第二层950~850 h Pa为辐散伴有弱下沉运动,第三层850~500 h Pa为逐渐加强的上升运动;H型海雾为两层结构,1 000 h Pa为辐散伴有弱的上升和下沉运动,950~500 h Pa为一致的下沉运动;4)概率密度统计分析进一步定量表明了L型和H型海雾发生时垂直运动以及相对湿度在各层中的分布情况。这些结论对黄海西北部夏季低压环流形势下海雾的预报提供了重要参考。
