The estimate of sea ice resources quantity in the Bohai Sea based on NOAA/AVHRR data

The research on sea ice resources is the academic base of sea ice exploitation in the Bohai Sea. According to the ice-water spectrum differences and the correlation between ice thickness and albedo, this paper comes up with a sea ice thickness inversion model based on the NOAA/AVHRR data. And then a sea ice resources quantity （SIQ） time series of Bohai Sea is established from 1987 to 2009. The results indicate that the average error of inversion sea ice thickness is below 30%. The maximum sea ice resources quantity is about 6×109 m3 and the minimum is 1.3×109 m3. And a preliminary analysis has been made on the errors of the estimate of sea ice resources quantity （SIQ）.

Study on the Exploitation of Bohai Sea Ice as Freshwater Resources

Water shortage is a major issue in northern China. With the transfer of China＇s economic center from south to north, Circum-Bohai Economic Circle has gradually formed and developed as the third pole of China＇s economy after Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, the problem of water has inevitably become more and more serious. South-to-North Water Diversion and Sea Water Desalination are helpful to solve this dilemma, but some difficulties appeared during the course of the two projects. By contrast, sea ice desalination can be considered as a third way to alleviate freshwater crisis in Bohai Rim. Firstly, the amount of sea ice in Bohai Sea is as much as 1.27 billion m3 even in normal years. Then the salinity of sea ice is only 1/4 to 1/7 as that of sea water. And furthermore, desalinized water of sea ice can meet national water quality standard for drinking. Purposely use the abundant sea ice resources as water source for industry, agriculture and living is very likely to open a new path for the solution of freshwater shortage, which can promote rapid and healthy development of Circum-Bohai Economic Circle.

Marine and Inland Water Resources in Eneolithic Communities. New Data from Sardinia （Italy）

This paper presents research aimed at identifying the methods with which prehistoric man interacted with marine and inland water environments. The objective is to determine the degree to which resources from these environments influenced the socio-economic organization of these peoples. The coastline around Cagliari and its hinterland （southern Sardinia, Italy） were chosen as the subject, on the basis of the presence of both the sea and several ponds. The territory is noted as being home to both Neolithic and Eneolithic settlements. Among these the archaeological excavation of the village of Su Coddu/Canelles produced a large quantity of malacofauna. Data has been processed from part of the settlement that gave radiocarbon dating from the period between 3640 and 2900 cal. BC, and in which it was possible to carry out the level of sampling that was necessary to complete the research. In particular this interdisciplinary project, which aims to make an overall study of the settlement, the data relating to the geography of the area, the archaeological documentation, the fauna and shell artefacts will be extrapolated. Numerous methods are applied above all in reference to the marines and ponds resources. Additionally, the morphological anatomical-comparative analysis （in order to determine the typology of the faunal remains and to identify each individual species） and the technological analysis of the manufactured shells （so as to detect the selection and the transformation type of raw materials） are accomplished. The research has led to the identification of a settlement model in which agriculture formed the primary means of subsistence, that was complemented by the rearing of livestock, through hunting and gathering. The exploitation of marine and inland waters resources, as food source, have to be important because 99% of the faunal remains are shells. Different shell species are recognized, among those the Ostrea edulis provides the raw material to produce bevelled objects, which are documented inside the settlement in considerable number. Some plant species, typical of the lagoon ecosystem, were used for building and craft production.

龙岗河流域非传统水资源综合利用潜力分析

为解决龙岗河流域经济发展需求和水资源缺乏的矛盾,减少对传统水资源的依赖,龙岗河流域应尝试以非传统水资源作为补充替代水源,并建立完善的非传统水资源利用体系及政策。此举对于形成城市节水氛围,对构建节水型城市、资源节约型城市都有其重要意义。本文以龙岗河流域实际情况为背景,阐述了该流域非传统水资源使用现状和制约因素,并对利用方向和如何推进提出了建议。