PCR-RFLP based technique for identification of sea snakes in Thai waters was achieved by developing species-specific markers.To distinguish between sea snake species,the PCR products of cytochrome b(Cyt b),12S and 16S...PCR-RFLP based technique for identification of sea snakes in Thai waters was achieved by developing species-specific markers.To distinguish between sea snake species,the PCR products of cytochrome b(Cyt b),12S and 16S rRNA were sequenced and cut with different restriction endonuclease,Alu I and Hinf I.Each enzyme generated different-sized fragments which specific to Cyt b of eight sea snake species.However,the identical pattern was found among Hydrophis group.This result could be resolved by using these enzymes 12S rRNA digestion.This technique was successfully applied to blood,shed skin,raw meat,cooked meat,sea snake-fish binary admixture,and sea snake-pork binary admixture.Hence,it could be applied for identification when sea snake meat adulteration in meat products and sold as meatballs to reduce production costs.Hopefully,this technique would improve sea snake species identification when morphological examination is no longer possible because the animals are already processed.This is very important to track when sea snake species are being hunted and also used to assess the conservation and management of the sea snakes in Thai waters,especially the Gulf of Thailand.展开更多
[Objectives]The most common gene fragment used in animal DNA barcode technology is COI,but it is not necessarily suitable for all species.This study was conducted to screen genes suitable for the DNA barcode of sea sn...[Objectives]The most common gene fragment used in animal DNA barcode technology is COI,but it is not necessarily suitable for all species.This study was conducted to screen genes suitable for the DNA barcode of sea snakes.[Methods]All COI and cytb gene sequences on GenBank were searched and downloaded.After the comparison with Mega software,clustering trees of MrBayes system were established.[Results]Interspecies distances were greater than intraspecies distances for the two genes.The topological structures of their molecular hierarchical clustering trees were clear,and the support rates were high.[Conclusions]Therefore,it is concluded that not the DNA barcode of each species must be gene COI.Cytb is more suitable in terms of the mitochondrial gene of sea snakes.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial activity of sea snake(Enhydrina schistosa)venom protein against drug-resistant human pathogenic bacterial strains.Methods:The venom was collected by milking process from the liv...Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial activity of sea snake(Enhydrina schistosa)venom protein against drug-resistant human pathogenic bacterial strains.Methods:The venom was collected by milking process from the live specimens of sea snake are using capillary tubes or glass plates.Venom was purified by ion exchange chromatography and it was tested for in-vitro antibacterial activity against 10 drug-resistant human pathogenic bacterial strains using the standard disc diffusion method.Results:The notable antibacterial activity was observed at 150μg/mL concentration of purified venom and gave its minimum inhibitory concentrations values exhibited between 200-100μg/mL against all the tested bacterial strains.The maximum zone of inhibition was observed at 16.4 mm against Salmonella boydii and the minimum activity was observed at 7.5 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.After the sodium-dodecyl-sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis there were a clear single band was detected in the gel that corresponding to purified venom protein molecular weight of 44 kDa.Conclusions:These results suggested that the sea snake venom might be a feasible source for searching potential antibiotics agents against human pathogenic diseases.展开更多
We report the first recorded capture of a blue-banded sea snake（Laticauda laticaudata Linnaeus, 1758, Jobeuntti Kun Badabam in Korean） in South Korea based on one male specimen collected from Marado-ri, Seogwiposi, ...We report the first recorded capture of a blue-banded sea snake（Laticauda laticaudata Linnaeus, 1758, Jobeuntti Kun Badabam in Korean） in South Korea based on one male specimen collected from Marado-ri, Seogwiposi, Jeju-do on 20 October 2016. The morphological features of the lateral nostrils, the much wider ventrals than adjacent dorsals, the horizontally undivided rostral, the two prefrontals, and the uniform black bands on the body indicate that the specimen is L. laticaudata. An analysis of the partial mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence indicated that the specimen fits well into the known L. laticaudata phylogenetic group, which confirms that the sea krait is L. laticaudata. Including this report, five species of sea snakes（L. laticaudata, L. semifasciata, Hydrophis platurus, H. cyanocinctus, and H. melanocephalus） have now been reported in Korean waters.展开更多
基金The authors would like to thank the staffs of snake farm,Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute for collecting snake samples.This work was supported by a grant from The Thai Red Cross Society,Bangkok,Thailand(Grant Number QSMI 5809).
文摘PCR-RFLP based technique for identification of sea snakes in Thai waters was achieved by developing species-specific markers.To distinguish between sea snake species,the PCR products of cytochrome b(Cyt b),12S and 16S rRNA were sequenced and cut with different restriction endonuclease,Alu I and Hinf I.Each enzyme generated different-sized fragments which specific to Cyt b of eight sea snake species.However,the identical pattern was found among Hydrophis group.This result could be resolved by using these enzymes 12S rRNA digestion.This technique was successfully applied to blood,shed skin,raw meat,cooked meat,sea snake-fish binary admixture,and sea snake-pork binary admixture.Hence,it could be applied for identification when sea snake meat adulteration in meat products and sold as meatballs to reduce production costs.Hopefully,this technique would improve sea snake species identification when morphological examination is no longer possible because the animals are already processed.This is very important to track when sea snake species are being hunted and also used to assess the conservation and management of the sea snakes in Thai waters,especially the Gulf of Thailand.
基金Supported by Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,High-level Talent Project(321RC587),Classification of sea snakes in the South Sea China based on molecular Systematics,morphology and climate modelSpecial Scientific Research Trial Production Project of Sanya City(2016KS05),Identification of sea snake species and construction of DNA barcoding based on molecular systematics.
文摘[Objectives]The most common gene fragment used in animal DNA barcode technology is COI,but it is not necessarily suitable for all species.This study was conducted to screen genes suitable for the DNA barcode of sea snakes.[Methods]All COI and cytb gene sequences on GenBank were searched and downloaded.After the comparison with Mega software,clustering trees of MrBayes system were established.[Results]Interspecies distances were greater than intraspecies distances for the two genes.The topological structures of their molecular hierarchical clustering trees were clear,and the support rates were high.[Conclusions]Therefore,it is concluded that not the DNA barcode of each species must be gene COI.Cytb is more suitable in terms of the mitochondrial gene of sea snakes.
基金Supported by Ministry of Earth Science(MoES major project reference No.MOSE/9-DS/06/2007/Pc-IV-IV),Govt.of India,for providing financial supports under the scheme“Drugs from the sea”programs.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial activity of sea snake(Enhydrina schistosa)venom protein against drug-resistant human pathogenic bacterial strains.Methods:The venom was collected by milking process from the live specimens of sea snake are using capillary tubes or glass plates.Venom was purified by ion exchange chromatography and it was tested for in-vitro antibacterial activity against 10 drug-resistant human pathogenic bacterial strains using the standard disc diffusion method.Results:The notable antibacterial activity was observed at 150μg/mL concentration of purified venom and gave its minimum inhibitory concentrations values exhibited between 200-100μg/mL against all the tested bacterial strains.The maximum zone of inhibition was observed at 16.4 mm against Salmonella boydii and the minimum activity was observed at 7.5 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.After the sodium-dodecyl-sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis there were a clear single band was detected in the gel that corresponding to purified venom protein molecular weight of 44 kDa.Conclusions:These results suggested that the sea snake venom might be a feasible source for searching potential antibiotics agents against human pathogenic diseases.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(2014R1A1A4A01005302)
文摘We report the first recorded capture of a blue-banded sea snake（Laticauda laticaudata Linnaeus, 1758, Jobeuntti Kun Badabam in Korean） in South Korea based on one male specimen collected from Marado-ri, Seogwiposi, Jeju-do on 20 October 2016. The morphological features of the lateral nostrils, the much wider ventrals than adjacent dorsals, the horizontally undivided rostral, the two prefrontals, and the uniform black bands on the body indicate that the specimen is L. laticaudata. An analysis of the partial mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence indicated that the specimen fits well into the known L. laticaudata phylogenetic group, which confirms that the sea krait is L. laticaudata. Including this report, five species of sea snakes（L. laticaudata, L. semifasciata, Hydrophis platurus, H. cyanocinctus, and H. melanocephalus） have now been reported in Korean waters.
