Design of foundation structures of sea-crossing bridges on serviceability limit state

The target reliability indices of the foundation structures of sea-crossing bridges on the serviceability limit state （SLS） are different from those of common bridges due to their different surroundings. Consequently, three levels of the target reliability indices, which are 1.5, 2. 0 and 2. 3, respectively, for those structures on the SLS are suggested based on the Joint Committee on Structural Safety （JCSS） model code, and a new method of calibrating factors of live loads, which is based on the contribution ratio of tensile stresses of reinforcing bars produced by various loads to the maximum crack width of concrete, is proposed. Finally, the calibration of the reliability-based factors of the frequent value and the quasi-permanent value of live loads is conducted by the Joint Committee （JC） method through an actual design, and the indices are proved to be reasonable and the new method is proved to be feasible.

Reliability Analysis of Numerical Simulation of Sea-Crossing Bridge Deformation Under Wave Forces

To study on the numerical simulation calculation reliability of sea-crossing bridge under complex wave forces,the paper applied GPS deformation monitoring and numerical simulation calculation by researching Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Sea-Crossing Bridge.The db3 wavelet three-layer decomposition was used on the horizontal movement of the sea-crossing bridge and the wind speed of the waves to analyze their correlation.The complex wave forces value of Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Sea-Crossing Bridge was loaded on FLAC3D software successfully to make numerical simulation calculation of bridge deformation.Since the accuracy of the GPS deformation monitoring reaches millimeter level,it was used to monitor the exact value of the bridge deformation to judge the reliability of numerical simulation.The relative errors of displacement in X,Y and Z directions were between 33%and 41%through comparison.It could be seen that the numerical simulation error was relatively large,which was mainly due to various environmental factors and the deviation of applied wave forces.However,numerical simulation generally reflects the deformation law of the sea-crossing bridge under complex wave forces,providing an effectively technical support for the safe operation assessment of the sea-crossing bridge.

Scour effect on a sea-crossing bridge under combined action of service and extreme seismic loads

Foundation scour is an important cause for structural failure of sea-crossing bridges. Usually, the sea-crossing bridges operate under the harsh natural environment in which service wind, wave and vehicle loads are stronger and extreme loads such as earthquake, hurricane, and ship collision, are more frequent. As a result of the foundation scour,the dynamic behavior of bridge under different combined action of service and extreme loads may be further escalated.In particular, this work has investigated the scour effect on a sea-crossing bridge under service wind, wave and vehicle loads as well as extreme seismic loads. The dynamic coupled earthquake-wind-wave-vehicle-bridge(EWWVB) system is established by considering the interactions within the system, and the p-y curve method is used to calculate the loaddisplacement relation of the pile and soil under various levels of foundation scour. After that, a case study has been performed on a cable-stayed bridge with foundation scour. The results indicate that the dynamic characteristics of bridge structure will change after considering bridge scour, and the dynamic responses of bridge and vehicle will be affected to different degrees under service and seismic loads considering bridge scour.

某钢筋混凝土栈桥的异常振动成因分析

为研究栈桥异常振动原因并对结构进行安全性评估,在缺失结构异常振动期间观测数据的情况下,基于现场检测、动力测试及数值仿真3种方式相结合,将导致异常振动的内因和外因逐一排查,筛选高可能性因素进行异常振动成因分析。研究表明,栈桥的异常振动是由水平承载系统的第2阶自振频率与激振频率共振以及托辊转速较小差异导致的“拍现象”综合导致。其中,托辊对栈桥产生的拉扯激振是导致其异常振动的主要因素。该研究成果可为类似水运工程结构的异常振动成因分析提供参考价值。

基于改进AHP-灰云模型的模块栈桥加工制造安全风险评价

为了对新型模块式钢栈桥加工安全风险进行客观评价,保障生产顺利进行,采用改进AHP-灰云模型对某模块栈桥加工制造过程进行安全风险评价。从人、机械、物料、环境和管理5个方面开展系统研究,建立了包括9项二级指标和28项三级指标的安全风险评价指标体系。采用改进的层次分析法确定指标权重值,将现场安全风险评估值输入灰云模型,进行风险等级的确定。研究结果表明该方法适用于模块栈桥加工制造安全风险评价,经分析吊车与地面作业交叉情况、机械设备的检查维修、噪声的影响三项指标风险值较高,并提出相应的风险防范措施。

变跨变幅钢栈桥结构设计及受力性能分析

【目的】为了研究变跨变幅钢栈桥在多荷载工况下的承载性能。【方法】以向莆联络线向莆左线特大桥施工中的一座钢栈桥为研究对象,通过桥梁有限元软件Midas civil建立数值模型,分析其在5种不同工况下各个构件的受力状态。【结果】研究结果表明:钢栈桥贝雷梁在各种工况作用下,结构强度及刚度均有较大安全富余;桩顶分配梁在工况1及工况2作用下,其折算应力的安全富余系数较小,仅为1.23和1.20,工况5作用下其刚度的安全富余系数为1.20,施工过程中需要避免过重的临时荷载堆放;钢管立柱在工况5作用下的正应力安全富余系数仅为1.50,施工过程中应采取措施确保施工的安全性;转角处三角区设计符合结构性能要求。【结论】研究成果可为同类栈桥设计提供借鉴。

基于QFD的可伸缩式登船栈桥设计方法

针对可伸缩式登船栈桥设计流程,以客户需求为导向,构建了基于质量功能展开法的设计思路和方法。运用实景体验和场景打分的方法,深度挖掘5个维度的客户需求、关键质量特性和关键物料特性,通过AHP等方法进行权重分析,构建可伸缩栈桥分析的一阶质量屋和二阶质量屋,开展关键物料的重要度-成本分析,有效满足了客户需求和规范要求,形成可伸缩栈桥设计开发新模式。

用于海上风力发电机的改进船载登乘栈桥主动波浪补偿方法

在维修海上风力发电机时发现传统船载登乘栈桥主动波浪补偿系统存在求解精度低、控制响应慢的问题。为此,提出基于Denavit-Hartenburg法的栈桥空间位姿解算方法,并使用参考系转换的方法降低逆运动求解难度;设计前馈Smith预估补偿PID控制器,解决传统PID控制器跟踪动态信号存在的长延时问题;结合船载登乘栈桥的动力学模型,采用Simulink软件进行仿真控制实验。实验结果表明,在低海况且控制系统的延迟时间取0.24 s时,改进后的船载登乘栈桥主动波浪补偿方法使栈桥的最大偏移量减小了79.3%,以平均偏移标准差作为栈桥稳定性评估依据时其稳定性提升了79.6%。由此可见:该补偿方法具有良好的波浪补偿能力,同时还具有快速求解和时间延迟包容性等优点,有利于提高实时补偿系统的整体控制精度和响应速度。

浅析基坑工程的优化设计方法

本文以实际项目为例分析了基坑工程的动态优化设计方法。采用多专业联合设计,通过调整正负零的绝对标高和优化地下室层高等措施减小了基坑开挖深度;基于项目工期目标调整支撑结构布设,平面空间避开结构柱与剪力墙,竖向空间保证挖土的作业面高度,减少基坑支护结构对主要节点工期的影响;运用静力触探技术连续测试并精准识别软土的分布区域,优化设计方案,节约造价。通过综合运用多种基坑优化设计方法,该项目累计节省工期4个月,节约造价3100万元。研究成果可为其他类似项目提供参考。

Experimental Investigation of Wave-Current Loads on a Bridge Shuttle-Shaped Cap–Pile Foundation

To scrutinize the characteristics of wave-current loads on a bridge shuttle-shaped cap–pile foundation,a 1:125 test model was considered in a laboratory flume.The inline,transverse and vertical wave–current forces acting on the shuttle-shaped cap-pile group model were measured considering both random waves and a combination of random waves with a current.The experimental results have shown that the wave-current forces can be well correlated with the wave height,the wavelength,the current velocity,the incident direction and the water level in the marine environment.An increase in the current velocity can lead to a sharp increase in the inline and transverse wave-current forces,while the vertical wave-current force decreases.Moreover,the wave-current forces are particularly strong when a combination of high tide,strong wave and strong current is considered.

Solution to the Horizontal Crossing Problem of Transportation System at Key Points in Open-Pit Mines

In order to reduce the horizontal crossing transportation problems between coal trucks and stripping trucks,large and small vehicles,and transport trucks and belt conveyors at key points of open pit mine in production,the separate transportation mode of underpass bridge and overpass steel trestle is proposed to optimize the open pit development transportation system,so as to solve the practical problems that the horizontal cross of transport vehicles causes vehicle blockage,affects production schedule and production safety.The results show that the horizontal crossing road can be changed into a separate type of overpass steel trestle,which can realize the classified transportation of large and small vehicles,reduce the traffic density,make vehicles with different functions go their own way,eliminate the hidden danger of traffic accidents,and improve the production efficiency.

基于BIM技术的高低位组合钢栈桥应用研究——以巴河大桥为例

在特大桥的建设中,栈桥作为重要的水上通道得到广泛应用,栈桥设计也是桥梁工程顺利实施的重要环节。以巴河大桥5#墩基础、墩柱施工为工程背景,针对桥址区巴河水位变化较大的特点,为确保次年汛期前的主墩施工进度,采用高低位组合钢栈桥方案,并利用“BIM(建筑信息模型)+数字仿真分析”技术进行模拟与结构分析。通过GIS(地理信息系统)获取各阶段洪水位高度,以此确定栈桥搭设高度,随后利用MIDAS软件对高低位组合钢栈桥结构各部件进行验算。结果表明,高低位组合钢栈桥结构设计合理,整体稳定性及安全性满足使用要求。高低位组合钢栈桥的成功应用,可为同类型工程的施工提供一定参考和借鉴。

“两墙合一”深基坑工程设计与技术创新

北京CBD核心区某项目基坑深度36m,因受场地空间限制,采用“两墙合一”+内支撑支护体系,在实现基坑挡土、止水功能的同时完成了地下结构外墙施工。为提高工程质量和施工效率,针对地连墙与主体结构的连接、槽段接头处理方式、有限空间导墙结合近接建筑物预换撑等方面进行了技术创新,取得了较好的工程效果,可供类似工程参考。

BIM技术在深基坑和栈桥正向设计中的应用

受周边环境的影响,深基坑施工过程中易出现位移和变形,后续加固工序烦琐且浪费工期。基于BIM技术建立分析模型,分析周边环境对支撑体系的影响,在设计阶段进行加强处理,保证基坑的稳定性和安全性。地下室阶段场内可用面积小,施工部署难度大,通过设计栈桥增加可用面积,利用BIM技术对栈桥进行正向设计,使栈桥部分结构与支撑体系相结合,从而减少材料投入、降低成本和节约工期。基于BIM技术的有效运用可供类似项目参考。

栈桥橡胶气囊充气系统的设计

设计一种栈桥橡胶气囊(简称气囊)充气系统。以栈桥气囊的使用功能、充气速度、工作压力为依据,针对栈桥气囊充气系统的技术方案,进行设备参数的计算及管路系统的安装,并根据栈桥钢结构内部构造进行栈桥气囊的装配。水上充气试验表明,栈桥气囊充气至工作压力用时约7 min,满足栈桥气囊充气速度快、浮态稳定性好和充气速度一致的要求。

基于3D3S贝雷梁钢栈桥结构设计与受力特征分析

对钢栈桥结构进行受力特征分析,对保证钢栈桥使用安全具有重要意义。文中采用同济大学3D3S结构分析软件建立钢栈桥立体模型,考虑两种荷载工况,分别对钢栈桥的桥面横梁、贝雷梁、承重梁、钢管桩等结构进行受力分析。结果表明,文中设计的两种荷载工况下,钢栈桥的桥面横梁、贝雷梁、承重梁、钢管桩均满足设计要求;不同地层条件下,钢管桩存在不同的最小入土深度,避免钢管桩按照统一的深度打桩。

钢栈桥施工技术研究与分析——以南湾湖风景区生态水运码头项目为例

对南湾湖风景区生态水运码头项目的钢栈桥施工技术展开研究与分析,对钢栈桥施工的重点分析和施工要点进行了阐述。在重点分析部分,分析了钢栈桥施工中的难点,以及采用的技术创新和解决方案。在施工要点部分,介绍了施工前的准备工作、钢材加工和质量控制以及钢栈桥的连接和组装等方面。在文章结论部分,本文指出了加强现场管理和监督的重要性,以确保施工过程的质量和安全,并提出了引入新技术和创新的工艺,以提高施工效率和质量的建议。

狭小场地深基坑工程前期场地布置优化

随着城市发展进程的加快,地下空间的设计开发利用需求日益增加,新建的地下工程建设项目规模和数量正在迅速加大,特别是上海等南方地区深基坑支护工程,此类深基坑工程通常同时面临建设用地紧张、施工用地受限等问题,给深基坑工程前期场地布置带来一定的挑战。针对上述问题,结合集成电路设计产业园某项目的实际情况,对狭小场地深基坑工程前期的场地布置优化情况进行介绍,通过前期合理优化基坑栈桥布置,解决了本项目前期场地综合布置的难题,为狭小场地深基坑工程的顺利施工打下坚实的基础。

超浅埋小净距隧道洞口段安全评估及钢栈桥工艺

针对隧道出口段存在超浅埋、小净距与下穿既有公路的特殊性,为了确保上覆既有公路正常通车下隧道出口段安全施工,研发了在既有公路路面上钢栈桥架越隧道拱顶的新工艺及钢栈桥设计参数,首次提出了路面钢栈桥与拱顶保护壳复合式立体式隧道洞口段掘进安全防护体系.采用MidasGTSNX软件,对钢栈桥设置的合理性和有效性进行了仿真模拟,结果显示,路面存在车辆荷载前提下,钢栈桥的设置能有效减小围岩塑性区的分布面积,显著降低拱顶沉降,保持围岩稳定.实践表明:在既有公路路面上设置钢栈桥,能保证既有公路正常通车条件下的超浅埋与小净距下穿隧道的安全掘进,本研究结果对类似隧道工程洞口段安全施工有重要的借鉴意义.

装配式钢栈桥板在基坑工程中的应用

针对装配式钢栈桥板在基坑工程中的应用进行了深入探讨,旨在提高基坑施工的安全性与效率。通过对比分析装配式钢栈桥板与传统施工方法,力求提高基坑支护体系在实际工程应用中的适用性和功效。采用了案例分析和模拟试验相结合的方法,结果显示,装配式钢栈桥板在保证工程质量的同时,可以有效缩短工期、降低施工成本,并且减少对周围环境的影响。基于研究结果,提出了一套装配式钢栈桥板在基坑工程中的优化应用方案,证实了其在提升城市基础设施建设效率中的实际价值。