Adaptive multicascade attribute reduction based on quantum-inspired mixed co-evolution

Due to the fact that conventional heuristic attribute reduction algorithms are poor in running efficiency and difficult in accomplishing the co-evolutionary reduction mechanism in the decision table, an adaptive multicascade attribute reduction algorithm based on quantum-inspired mixed co-evolution is proposed. First, a novel and efficient self- adaptive quantum rotation angle strategy is designed to direct the participating populations to mutual adaptive evolution and to accelerate convergence speed. Then, a multicascade model of cooperative and competitive mixed co-evolution is adopted to decompose the evolutionary attribute species into subpopulations according to their historical performance records, which can increase the diversity of subpopulations and select some elitist individuals so as to strengthen the sharing ability of their searching experience. So the global optimization reduction set can be obtained quickly. The experimental results show that, compared with the existing algorithms, the proposed algorithm can achieve a higher performance for attribute reduction, and it can be considered as a more competitive heuristic algorithm on the efficiency and accuracy of minimum attribute reduction.

Triple-Helix Structured Model Based on Problem-Knowledge-Solution Co-evolution for Innovative Product Design Process

A design problem with deficient information is generally described as wicked or ill-defined.The information insufficiency leaves designers with loose settings,free environments,and a lack of strict boundaries,which provides them with more opportunities to facilitate innovation.Therefore,to capture the opportunity behind the uncertainty of a design problem,this study models an innovative design as a composite solving process,where the problem is clarified and resolved from fuzziness to satisfying solutions by interplay among design problems,knowledge,and solutions.Additionally,a triple-helix structured model for the innovative product design process is proposed based on the co-evolution of the problem,solution,and knowledge spaces,to provide designers with a distinct design strategy and method for innovative design.The three spaces interact and co-evolve through iterative mappings,including problem structuring,knowledge expansion,and solution generation.The mappings carry the information processing and decision-making activities of the design,and create the path to satisfying solutions.Finally,a case study of a reactor coolant flow distribution device is presented to demonstrate the practicability of this model and the method for innovative product design.

Cooperative co-evolution based distributed path planning of multiple mobile robots

This paper proposes novel multiple-mobile-robot collision avoidance path planning based on cooperative co-evolution,which can be executed fully distributed and in parallel. A real valued co-evolutionary algorithm is developed to coordinate the movement of multiple robots in 2D world, avoiding C-space or grid net searching. The collision avoidance is achieved by cooperatively co-evolving segments of paths and the time interval to pass them. Methods for constraint handling, which are developed for evolutionary algorithm, make the path planning easier. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated on a number of 2Dpath planning problems.

Harmony search algorithm with differential evolution based control parameter co-evolution and its application in chemical process dynamic optimization

A modified harmony search algorithm with co-evolutional control parameters(DEHS), applied through differential evolution optimization, is proposed. In DEHS, two control parameters, i.e., harmony memory considering rate and pitch adjusting rate, are encoded as a symbiotic individual of an original individual(i.e., harmony vector). Harmony search operators are applied to evolving the original population. DE is applied to co-evolving the symbiotic population based on feedback information from the original population. Thus, with the evolution of the original population in DEHS, the symbiotic population is dynamically and self-adaptively adjusted, and real-time optimum control parameters are obtained. The proposed DEHS algorithm has been applied to various benchmark functions and two typical dynamic optimization problems. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is better than that of other HS variants. Satisfactory results are obtained in the application.

Pathogenetic Consequences of Cytomegalovirus-Host Co-evolution

Co-evolution has been shown to result in an adaptive reciprocal modification in the respective behaviors of interacting populations over time. In the case of host-parasite co-evolution,the adaptive behavior is most evident from the reciprocal change in fitness of host and parasite-manifested in terms of pathogen survival versus host resistance. Cytomegaloviruses and their hosts represent a pairing of populations that has co-evolved over hundreds of years. This review explores the pathogenetic consequences emerging from the behavioral changes caused by co-evolutionary forces on the virus and its host.

Adaptive co-evolution of strategies and network leading to optimal cooperation level in spatial prisoner's dilemma game

We study evolutionary prisoner＇s dilemma game on adaptive networks where a population of players co-evolves with their interaction networks. During the co-evolution process, interacted players with opposite strategies either rewire the link between them with probability p or update their strategies with probability 1 - p depending on their payoffs. Numerical simulation shows that the final network is either split into some disconnected communities whose players share the same strategy within each community or forms a single connected network in which all nodes are in the same strategy. Interestingly, the density of cooperators in the final state can be maximised in an intermediate range of p via the competition between time scale of the network dynamics and that of the node dynamics. Finally, the mean-field analysis helps to understand the results of numerical simulation. Our results may provide some insight into understanding the emergence of cooperation in the real situation where the individuals＇ behaviour and their relationship adaptively co-evolve.

A cooperative Co-evolutional immune algorithm

A co-evolutional immune algorithm for the optimization of a function with real parameters is de-scribed.It uses a cooperative co-evolution of two populations,one is a population of antibodies and theother is a population of successful mutation vectors.These two population evolve together to improve thediversity of the antibodies.The algorithm described is then tested on a suite of optimization problems.The results show that on most of test functions,this algorithm can converge to the global optimum atquicker rate in a given range,the performance of optimization is improved effetely.

Adaptive Co-evolution Model for Multi-agent System

It is important to harmonize effectively the behaviors of the agents in the multi-agent system (MAS) to complete the solution process. The co-evolution computing techniques, inspired by natural selection and genetics, are usually used to solve these problems. Based on learning and evolution mechanisms of the biological systems, an adaptive co-evolution model was proposed in this paper. Inner-population, inter-population, and community learning operators were presented. The adaptive co-evolution algorithm (ACEA) was designed in detail. Some simulation experiments were done to evaluate the performance of the ACEA. The results show that the ACEA is more effective and feasible than the genetic algorithm to solve the optimization problems.

A Co-Evolution Model for Dynamic Social Network and Behavior

Individual behaviors, such as drinking, smoking, screen time, and physical activity, can be strongly influenced by the behavior of friends. At the same time, the choice of friends can be influenced by shared behavioral preferences. The actor-based stochastic models (ABSM) are developed to study the interdependence of social networks and behavior. These methods are efficient and useful for analysis of discrete behaviors, such as drinking and smoking;however, since the behavior evolution function is in an exponential format, the ABSM can generate inconsistent and unrealistic results when the behavior variable is continuous or has a large range, such as hours of television watched or body mass index. To more realistically model continuous behavior variables, we propose a co-evolution process based on a linear model which is consistent over time and has an intuitive interpretation. In the simulation study, we applied the expectation maximization (EM) and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms to find the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) of parameter values. Additionally, we show that our assumptions are reasonable using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health).

Hybrid Support Vector Regression with Parallel Co-Evolution Algorithm Based on GA and PSO for Forecasting Monthly Rainfall

Accurate and timely monthly rainfall forecasting is a major challenge for the scientific community in hydrological research such as river management project and design of flood warning systems. Support Vector Regression (SVR) is a very useful precipitation prediction model. In this paper, a novel parallel co-evolution algorithm is presented to determine the appropriate parameters of the SVR in rainfall prediction based on parallel co-evolution by hybrid Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm, namely SVRGAPSO, for monthly rainfall prediction. The framework of the parallel co-evolutionary algorithm is to iterate two GA and PSO populations simultaneously, which is a mechanism for information exchange between GA and PSO populations to overcome premature local optimum. Our methodology adopts a hybrid PSO and GA for the optimal parameters of SVR by parallel co-evolving. The proposed technique is applied over rainfall forecasting to test its generalization capability as well as to make comparative evaluations with the several competing techniques, such as the other alternative methods, namely SVRPSO (SVR with PSO), SVRGA (SVR with GA), and SVR model. The empirical results indicate that the SVRGAPSO results have a superior generalization capability with the lowest prediction error values in rainfall forecasting. The SVRGAPSO can significantly improve the rainfall forecasting accuracy. Therefore, the SVRGAPSO model is a promising alternative for rainfall forecasting.

A Case Modeling of Sea-Land Breeze in Macao and Its Neighborhood

PSU / NCAR MM5 was utilized to simulate the sea-land breeze circulation in Macao and the three-dimensional flow around the Pearl River estuary. Four two-way nested grids having resolution of 1, 3, 9, and 27 km were included in the simulation. It was initialized with conventional observational data, and a 30 h simulation and analysis of one sea-land breeze case were performed. It was shown, that the model with a finer resolution (1 km) captures the sea breeze and land breeze in Macao with reasonable skill. The sea breeze front and the thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) were also obviously revealed. However, the coarser horizontal resolution (3 km) could capture the sea breeze but not the land breeze.

Cenozoic Sea-land Transition and its Petroleum Geological Significance in the Northern South China Sea

The process of Cenozoic sea-land changes in the northern South China Sea(SCS)controlled the sedimentary filling pattern and played an important role in the petroleum geological characteristics of the northern marginal sedimentary basins.Under the control of the opening process of the SCS,the northern SCS Cenozoic transgression generally showed the characteristics of early in the east and late in the west,and early in the south and late in the north.The initial transgression occurred in the Eocene in the Taixinan Basin(TXNB)of the eastern SCS,while the transgression occurred until the Pliocene in the Yinggehai Basin(YGHB)of the western SCS.International Ocean Discovery Program(IODP)expeditions(Expeditions 367/368)revealed that the initial transgression of the SCS basin occurred at approximately 34 Ma,which was the initial opening time of the SCS.The period of drastic changes in the sedimentary environment caused by large-scale transgression corresponded to the opening time of the southwestern subbasin(approximately 23 Ma),which also represented the peak of the spreading of the SCS.The sea-land transition process controls the distribution of alternating continent-marine facies,marine facies source rocks and reservoirs in the basins.The marine facies source rocks of the basins in the northern SCS have a trend of gradually becoming younger from east to west,which is consistent with the regional process of gradual transgression from east to west.Regional sea-level changes were comprehensively influenced by SCS opening and global sea-level changes.These processes led to the early development in the east and south and late development in the west and north for the carbonate platform in the SCS.Carbonate platforms form another type of"selfgenerating and self-accumulating"oil-gas reservoir in the northern SCS.The sea-land transition controlled the depositional filling patterns of different basins and laid the foundation of marine deposits for oil and gas resources.The source-reservoircap assemblage in the northern SCS was controlled horizontally by provenance supply and sedimentary environmental changes caused by sea-land transition and vertically by the tectonic evolution of the SCS and regional sea-level changes.

Analytic Study of Sea-Land Breezes

An analytic study of the structure of sea-land breezes is presented, with special attention paid to the dependence on the model parameters. In this linearized model, the wind speed of the sea-land breezes is directly proportional to the difference of sea and land heating rates. For the same differential heating, the sea-land breeze is more prominent if the stratification is weakly stable, or if the frictional force is small. The horizontal penetration from the coast is also investigated, and found to be asymmetric between the land and the sea. The above results are in agreement with observation.

Whether human-induced activities could change the gradient pattern of coastal land use along the sea-land direction:a case study in Manila Bay,Philippines

Increasing intense human activities have largely changed the coastal landscape and caused many environmental issues.However,whether human-induced activities could change the coastal land use gradient pattern,an important coastal zonal characteristic along the sea-land direction,remains unclear.Manila Bay was selected as the study area in this work.According to the distance of the land use and land cover(LULC)to the coastline,we clustered the typical coastal land use sequence patterns(CLUSPs)along the sea-land direction between 1988 and 2016 in Manila Bay and found the following.(1)Four typical CLUSPs,including the natural CLUSP dominated by forest land and grassland,the agricultural CLUSP dominated by dry farm and paddy field,the urbanised CLUSP dominated by construction land and the fishery CLUSP dominated by fishing farm,were mined in 1988.Three typical CLUSPs(a natural CLUSP,an intermediate CLUSP between the agricultural and urbanised CLUSPs,and a fishery CLUSP)were mined in 2016.(2)Affected by the dominant LULC,these typical CLUSPs showed a regular spatial pattern along the sea-land direction.For example,the typical natural CLUSP showed a landward pattern due to the long distance between the forest land and grassland and the coastline.(3)However,influenced by urban and aquaculture expansion,the land intensification of the CLUSP exhibited an obvious increase and caused the decrease of the CLUSP diversity from 1988 to 2016.The increase in the area of LULC coverage showed no obvious correlation with its distance from the coastline(DFC),but the net increase rate of LULC coverage had a significant negative correlation with the DFC.Therefore,human-induced activities have a large impact on the gradient pattern of coastal land use along the sea-land direction.

STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SEA-LAND BREEZES IN HAINAN ISLAND

The sea-land breeze circulation(SLBC) occurs regularly at coastal locations and influences the local weather and climate significantly. In this study, based on the observed surface wind in 9 conventional meteorological stations of Hainan Island, the frequency of sea-land breeze(SLB) is studied to depict the diurnal and seasonal variations. The statistics indicated that there is a monthly average of 12.2 SLB days and an occurrence frequency of about 40%, with the maximum frequency(49%) in summer and the minimum frequency(29%) in autumn. SLB frequencies(41%) are comparable in winter and spring. A higher frequency of SLB is present in the southern and central mountains due to the enhancement effect of the mountain-valley breeze. Due to the synoptic wind the number of SLB days in the northern hilly area is less than in other areas. Moreover, the WRF model, adopted to simulate the SLBC over the island for all seasons, performs reasonably well reproducing the phenomenon, evolution and mechanism of SLBC. Chiefly affected by the difference of temperature between sea and land, the SLBC varies in coverage and intensity with the seasons and reaches the greatest intensity in summer. The typical depth is about 2.5 km for sea breeze circulation and about 1.5 km for land breeze circulation. A strong convergence zone with severe ascending motion appears on the line parallel to the major axis of the island, penetrating 60 to 100 km inland. This type of weak sea breeze convergence zone in winter is north-south oriented. The features of SLBC in spring are similar both to that in summer with southerly wind and to that in winter with easterly wind. The coverage and intensity of SLBC in autumn is the weakest and confined to the southwest edge of the central mountainous area. The land breeze is inherently very weak and easily affected by the topography and weather. The coverage and intensity of the land breeze convergence line is significantly less than those of the sea breeze. The orographic forcing of the central mountain exhibits significant impacts on low-level airflow. A windward land breeze front usually occurs along the coastline between the wee hours and the morning in summer, with an arc-shaped convergence zone about 10 to 30 km off shore. In winter the arc-shaped convergence zone is weak and appears only in the southeast coastal area. Landing on the flat regions of northern to western parts of the island and going inland from there, the sea breeze front at the leeward side meets with that at the windward side in the centre of the island when sea breeze fully develops, causing an intense convergence zone throughout the whole island. Consistent with prevailing winds in direction, the windward sea breeze and leeward land breeze develop quickly but are not distinguishable from background winds.

Sea-Land Segmentation of Remote Sensing Images Based on SDW-UNet

Image segmentation of sea-land remote sensing images is of great importance for downstream applications including shoreline extraction,the monitoring of near-shore marine environment,and near-shore target recognition.To mitigate large number of parameters and improve the segmentation accuracy,we propose a new Squeeze-Depth-Wise UNet(SDW-UNet)deep learning model for sea-land remote sensing image segmentation.The proposed SDW-UNet model leverages the squeeze-excitation and depth-wise separable convolution to construct new convolution modules,which enhance the model capacity in combining multiple channels and reduces the model parameters.We further explore the effect of position-encoded information in NLP(Natural Language Processing)domain on sea-land segmentation task.We have conducted extensive experiments to compare the proposed network with the mainstream segmentation network in terms of accuracy,the number of parameters and the time cost for prediction.The test results on remote sensing data sets of Guam,Okinawa,Taiwan China,San Diego,and Diego Garcia demonstrate the effectiveness of SDW-UNet in recognizing different types of sea-land areas with a smaller number of parameters,reduces prediction time cost and improves performance over other mainstream segmentation models.We also show that the position encoding can further improve the accuracy of model segmentation.

The research of sea-land breeze (SLB) on the west coast of Bohai Bay based on field observation

Four automatic meteorological stations were set up in a line from beach to inland perpendicular to the west coast of Bohai Bay. Wind direction and velocity at altitudes of 2 m, 4 m and 12 m were surveyed with 10 minute intervals. On ＂Sea-Land Breeze＂ （SLB） days, the transition from sea breeze to land breeze was very evident in the study area. Direction of sea breeze was basically perpendicular to the coast and mainly from the ENE and E. Duration of sea breeze varied by the stations＇ distance to the coastline, and the near-coast wind velocity was larger than that of the inland and decreases as it reaches inland. There was increased development of SLB on sunny days than on overcast days. The term ＂Climatic Coastal Zone＂ can be defined for the area influenced by SLB, which reaches more than 74 km inland on a typical SLB day but less than 10 km on a non-typical SLB day.

Diversity of Sucking Lice on Small Mammals in the Surrounding Areas of Erhai Lake in Yunnan,China

An investigation of sucking lice on the body surface of small mammals was carried out in the surrounding areas of Erhai Lake in Dali, Yunnan from 2003 to 2004. From investigation sites, 3 303 small mammal hosts were captured and identified into 7 families, 15 genera and 21 species in 4 orders （Rodentia, Insectivora, Scandentia and Carnivora）, while t4 635 individuals of sucking lice collected from the body surface of the small mammal hosts are identified into 5 families, 6 genera and 21 species in the Order Anoplura, The sites stand alongside three cordilleras surrounding the Erhai Lake, namely Eastern Wuliang Mountain, Southern Ailao Mountain and Western Cangshan Mountain. The three confined oriented areas are different landscapes within the same zone where the longitude, latitude, altitude and fauna are homologous but isolated by Erhai Lake as inartificial barrier. The aim of this study was to recognize features of the species diversity, abundance, community structure, similarity and distribution of sucking lice in different landscapes within the same zone. The results showed the species diversity of sucking lice was very low with a very simple community structure. The distribution of sucking lice and their corresponding hosts are quite uneven among different oriented areas and this may imply that ecological environment influences the species composition and distribution of sucking lice and their corresponding hosts. A certain species of hosts usually have their fixed louse species. The similarity of sucking louse communities is highly consistent with the affinity of small mammal hosts in taxonomy. Species of sucking lice on the same small mammal host in different oriented areas of Erhai Lake are homologous. The results strongly suggest a close relationship of co-evolution between sucking lice and their hosts.

Comparison of the Activity Differences in Two Terminal Oxidases between Upland Cotton and Sea-island Cotton

[Objective] This study was to reveal the differences in two terminal oxdiases,so as to provide theoretical basis for the selection of upland and sea-land hybrid materials. [Methods] Using 7 shares of upland cotton cultivars and 4 shares of sea-land cultivars as experimental materials,the change differences in AAO and PPO activities during whole growth period of the materials tested were studied. [Results] Two terminal oxdiases both in upland and sea-land cotton cultivars assumed similar change laws during whole growth period. AAO activity assumed a low-high trend,and there is a peak at the early stage. PPO activity presented two peaks,and that at the early stage was higher than at the late stage; the first peak is obviously higher than the second for sea-land cultivars,and two peaks are not remarkably different for upland cultivars. [Conclusion] The differences in AAO and PPO activities of sea-land and upland cotton cultivars observed on Jul.4th and Aug.6th,may provide guidance for the selection of upland and sea-land hybrids.

Helicobacter pylori in human health and disease:Mechanisms for local gastric and systemic effects

Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is present in roughly 50% of the human population worldwide and infection levels reach over 70% in developing countries. The infection has classically been associated with different gastro-intestinal diseases, but also with extra gastric diseases. Despite such associations, the bacterium frequently persists in the human host without inducing disease, and it has been suggested that H. pylori may also play a beneficial role in health. To understand how H. pylori can produce such diverse effects in the human host, several studies have focused on understanding the local and systemic effects triggered by this bacterium. One of the main mechanisms by which H. pylori is thought to damage the host is by inducing local and systemic inflammation. However, more recently, studies are beginning to focus on the effects of H. pylori and its metabolism on the gastric and intestinal microbiome. The objective of this review is to discuss how H. pylori has co-evolved with humans, how H. pylori presence is associated with positive and negative effects in human health and how inflammation and/or changes in the microbiome are associated with the observed outcomes.