Modeling Daily Average Temperatures in a Coastal Site of Central Africa: An Analysis of Seasonal Divisions

The seasonality and day-to-day variation of near-surface temperature patterns can greatly control nearly all physical and biological processes though temperature predictions at such scales remain challenging. This paper implements a simple analytical approach in order to generate daily average temperatures which implicitly accounts for surface heating and drivers through a comprehensive representation of station-based temperature records on a universal standard calendar propagated by the earth’s dynamics features. The modeled and observed pattern of daily temperatures exhibits a close agreement with the level of strength agreement exceeding 0.56. The extreme high and low values of the observed temperature patterns are equally well captured although model underestimates the probability of temperatures around the two modal peaks (~25.6℃ and 27.5℃). Additionally, a theoretical thermal-based division led to the identification of six seasons, including two hot and cold periods along with two pairs of mixed hot-cold. The theoretical division proposed here appears to be a good approximation for the understanding of rainfall seasonality in this area.

A seasonal grade division of the global offshore wind energy resource

Under the background of energy crisis, the development of renewable energy will significantly alleviate the energy and environmental crisis. On the basis of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts（ECMWF）interim reanalysis（ERA-interim） wind data, the annual and seasonal grade divisions of the global offshore wind energy are investigated. The results show that the annual mean offshore wind energy has great potential. The wind energy over the westerly oceans of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres is graded as Class 7（the highest）, whereas that over most of the mid-low latitude oceans are higher than Class 4. The wind energy over the Arctic Ocean（Class 4） is more optimistic than the traditional evaluations. Seasonally, the westerly oceans of the Northern Hemisphere with a Class 7 wind energy are found to be largest in January, followed by April and October, and smallest in July. The area of the Class 7 wind energy over the westerly oceans of the Southern Hemisphere are found to be largest in July and slightly smaller in the other months. In July, the wind energy over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal is graded as Class 7, which is obviously richer than that in other months. It is shown that in this data set in April and October, the majority of the northern Indian Ocean are regions of indigent wind energy resource.

Definition and characteristics of the south edge of the subtropical winter monsoon in East Asian

Based on observational daily data of 730 meteorological stations in China, the south edge of the subtropical winter monsoon is defined according to relevant criterion and its variation characteristics are analyzed. Results show that this south edge has obvious inter-annual variation characteristics and shows a northward moving tendency as a whole, but since the 21 st century it has moved southwards and date of the south edge entering winter becomes earlier. Wind fields of the anomalously northward south edge of the subtropical winter monsoon in East Asia has an obvious southerly wind component which prevents cold air from moving southward. The index of this south edge and winter temperature has a positive correlation. Climate warming might be the main reason for the northward movement of the south edge of the subtropical winter monsoon.