Renewable Energy Seawater Desalination Technology and Application Analysis

This paper proposed a new technology way for seawater desalination which used renewable energy(wind energy and solar energy).The effects of practical application showed that remote islands and cage culture zones in the bay that lack electricity and water are very suitable for using small seawater desalination devices that do not require consumption of conventional energy.

Multi-effect distillation system for seawater desalination driven by tidal energy and low grade energy

A multi-effect distillation technology for seawater desalination driven by tidal energy and low grade energy is presented.In the system,tidal energy is utilized to supply power instead of coventional electric pumps during the operation,resulting in the decrease of dependence on steady electric power supply and a reduction in the running costs.According to the technological principle,a testing unit is designed and built.The effects of the feed seawater temperature and the heat source temperature on the unit performance are tested and analyzed.The experimental results show that the fresh water output is 27 kg/h when the heating water temperature is 65 ℃ and the absolute pressure is 25 kPa.The experimental and theoretical analysis results indicate that the appropriate heating water temperature is a key factor in ensuring the steady operation of the system.

Optimal capacity planning of combined renewable energy source-pumped storage and seawater desalination systems

As water scarcity is becoming a growing threat to human development, finding effective solutions has become an urgent need. To make better use of water resources, seawater desalination and storage systems using renewable energy sources(RES) are designed and implemented around the world. In this paper, an optimal capacity planning method for RES-pumped storage-seawater desalination(RES-PS-D) system is introduced. The configuration of the RES-PS-D system is clarified first, after which a cost-benefit analysis is performed using all cost and benefit components. A function for determining maximum economic benefits of the RES-PS-D system is then established, and the constraints are proposed based on various limitations. The mixed-integer linear programming algorithm is applied to solve the optimal function. A case study is introduced to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the method. The conclusion shows that the strategy is suitable for solving the configuration optimization problem, and finally both merits and defects of the method are discussed.

Planning and design of a micro energy network for seawater desalination and regional energy interconnection

With the rapid developme nt of the economy, the continu ously in creasing populati on, and ongoing climate change, the shortage of freshwater resources has become an increasingly important global problem. Seawater desalination tech no logy can effectively alleviate the pressure on freshwater supplies and has bee n in vestigated in many countries. However, the majority of existing projects focus on the research and development of desalination equipment and the use of new tech no logies and pay less atte ntion to the operation optimizati on of the desalinati on process. The micro energy n etwork (MEN) designed in this study is an efficient distributed energy supply system that can be used to simultaneously supply electricity, cooling, heating, and freshwater as photovoltaic power, wind power, combined heat and power (CHP), electric cooling and heating, and a seawater desalinati on device are in teg rated into the MEN. In this study, a model for operati on optimization of a MEN for seawater desalination was developed and the influences of the electric cooling and heating ratios and the operation optimization of the seawater desalination device were studied with the aim of minimizing the life cycle cost. Based on the results of this study, MENs can reduce the operation cost of desalination devices and improve the efficiency of renewable energy sources.

Automatic Measurement and Control Design of Sea Wave Energy Storage and Seawater Desalination Device

The application of seawater desalination has become more and more popular. The reverse osmosis membrane method is one of its applications, but it consumes more energy resources and produces freshwater with high cost. The four-column floating bed we designed has low investment and is simple and easy to operate. The sea wave energy storage and seawater desalination device produced by this method has greatly reduced the cost of freshwater produced. This paper focuses on the design of the automatic measurement and control loop of the device.

A Seawater Desalination Paradigm Utilizing Solar Energy

The scarcity of potable water added more pressure on the Palestinian and is considered obstacles in planning for sustainable development. It is so important to find alternatives that have no adverse effect on the environment and at the same time provide genuine solutions to the available resources. In this paper a new paradigm for desalinating brackish and seawater is introduced. The proposed system is technically descried with size optimization that may cater for providing definite amount of potable water serving small communities. The main driving energy, electrical and thermal, is converted from the all around year available solar radiation.

Prospect of the Seawater Desalination Technology

This article classifies the seawater desalination technology into four types of hot method, membrane method, electric field method and solvent method. Electric field method and solvent method still remain experimental stage, while hot method and membrane method have been realized in commercialization but are difficult to be promoted. The problem lies in high water-producing cost. It is difficult for membrane method seawater desalination technology to reduce the water-producing cost. The heat utilization efficiency is not high for the current hot method seawater desalination technology and there is large amount of heat lost with the emission of concentrated seawater. The new hot method seawater desalination technology and new solar-powered seawater desalination technology can divide the seawater into fresh water and solid salt without any emission of concentrated seawater so that the heat utilization efficiency can reach theoretical limit to multiply reduce the water-producing cost. They will become the mainstream technology for seawater desalination and can totally eliminate the global water crisis.

Integrated energy efficiency evaluation of a multi-source multi-load desalination micro-energy network

With increasing global shortage of fresh water resources,many countries are prioritizing desalination as a means of utilizing abundantly available seawater resources.Integrated energy efficiency evaluation is a scientific method for the quantitative analysis of energy efficiency based on multiple indicators and is very useful for investment,construction,and scientific decision-making for desalination projects.In this paper,the energy efficiency evaluation of the micro energy network (MEN) of desalination for multi-source and multi-load is studied,and the basic idea of comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation is analyzed.The process includes the use of a MEN model to establish an integrated energy efficiency evaluation index system,taking into consideration energy,equipment,economic,environmental,and social factors.A combined evaluation method considering subjective and objective comprehensive weights for multi-source multi-load desalination MENs is proposed to evaluate the energy efficiency of desalination and from multiple perspectives.

Analysis of Passive Solar Desalination Technology Route

Since the world’s first large-scale solar desalination plant was built,there has been no breakthrough in passive solar desalination technology.The reason for this is that the problems of photothermal conversion,evaporation and condensation have not been properly solved.As a hot research topic at present,solar interface evaporation technology is only an improvement of disk solar desalination technology.The solar evaporation technology sets the heating surface,evaporation surface and condensing surface from top to bottom.It has high efficiency of photo-heat conversion,large amount of seawater evaporation and good condensation effect.Some of that heat is recycled,and it is used to heat seawater,which is a disruptive technology.We have seen the development of passive solar desalination technology that Disk solar desalination technology is the starting point,solar interface evaporation technology is the current research hotspot,and solar evaporation technology with overhead heating surface will be the end of the whole process.

高效太阳能驱动海水淡化的最新研究进展

由于淡水资源时空分布的不均一性,部分国家和地区的发展严重受制于淡水资源短缺,海水淡化已成为沿海地区应对淡水紧张问题的重要途径。受自然界水循环启发,利用太阳能驱动水蒸发,直接从海水中分离出清洁水,是一种可持续的低成本海水淡化技术。针对传统太阳能蒸发较低的能量利用率和蒸发效率,研究人员基于界面蒸发基本理论,利用光热转化材料选择性地加热空气-水界面,以提高太阳能利用率。本文结合前沿的工作介绍了实现高效太阳能驱动界面水蒸发的关键因素,概述了已报道的常用光热材料,讨论了光热蒸发器结构设计对体系能量管理和物质传输的调控,分析质能传递过程对蒸发系统性能的影响。除此之外,本文对长时间海水蒸发过程中盐析出污染问题及其应对策略进行了综述,最后探讨了目前太阳能界面蒸发面临的挑战并展望了其在海水淡化应用的发展前景。

溴化锂吸收式余热回收机组的设计

针对核电站低温余热回收利用的问题,将海水淡化技术与基于吸收式热交换的热电联产集中供应技术相结合,设计了一个溴化锂吸收式余热回收机组。该机组主要由蒸发器、吸收器、发生器、冷凝器、溶液热交换器、节流装置、溶液泵、冷剂泵等组成。验证分析表明:该机组可有效回收高温海水的余热,并用于淡化海水,在所需制热量为28784 kW的前提下,按年利用7200 h计算,全年海水的余热回收量约280000 GJ,全年淡水产量约2160000 t,减少了对生态环境的影响,大大提高了经济效益。因此该机组可为溴化锂吸收式热泵机组的优化设计提供良好参考。

炼化企业中低温多效蒸馏海水淡化技术的应用

低温多效蒸馏海水淡化技术是一种利用水平管降膜蒸发器或竖直管蒸发器串联并划分为若干效组,以一定量的输入蒸汽作为热源,经多次蒸发、冷凝,利用二次蒸汽潜热,得到多倍加热蒸汽量的蒸馏海水的海水淡化技术。该技术具有传热效率高、产品水质好、负荷调节范围大、工艺温度低等特点,可用于发电厂、化工厂、低温核反应堆等领域,是国际主流海水淡化技术之一。文章结合某炼化企业节能降耗中低温多效蒸馏海水淡化技术创新应用,分析了该技术应用经济效益,并对技术应用前景进行展望,以期促进该技术推广应用和创新发展。

反渗透海水淡化技术在核能综合利用上的应用研究

在全球能源与水资源日益紧张的背景下,探索高效且可持续的能源与水资源利用方式成为当务之急。聚焦于反渗透海水淡化技术与核能综合利用相结合,旨在探索一种新的资源利用模式,以应对能源和水资源的双重挑战。研究结果表明,基于核能供能的反渗透海水淡化可提高能效、减少化石燃料依赖和温室气体排放,同时降低水的黏度,优化能源的综合利用效率。

静电纺光热转换纤维制备及其在太阳能驱动界面蒸发的应用

综述了静电纺丝技术对不同结构形式的光热蒸发膜的构筑与制备工艺,总结了不同静电纺光热膜材料在太阳能界面蒸发的应用现状,包括碳基复合膜、金属等离激元复合光热膜和半导体材料复合光热膜。最后,针对未来的研究方向提出了展望。

碳化树菇光热转化材料的制备及海水淡化性能研究

以天然树菇为原材料,使用高温碳化的方法获得具有分等级孔的碳结构,并将碳化后的树菇表面沉积金、银贵金属纳米颗粒得到Au/C和Ag/C复合材料,分别测试其海水淡化性能。结果表明,在400、500、600℃温度下进行碳化处理的树菇,其蒸发速率分别为0.4117、0.4598、0.5135 g/(cm^(2)·h),碳化树菇与金、银2种贵金属复合后,其蒸发速率分别为0.7500、0.6384 g/(cm^(2)·h),比未负载的碳化树菇分别提高46%和24%。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见吸收光谱仪(UV-Vis)、热重分析仪(TGA)和红外热像仪对材料进行表征,结果表明,碳化树菇具有竖直的圆柱形通道和分等级孔结构,可形成快速的蒸汽传输孔道,能显著提高海水淡化速率。同时碳化树菇与贵金属的LSPR效应协同还可提高光热转换速率,Au/C和Ag/C材料的表面温度在太阳光照5 min时温度分别达到46.3℃和48.0℃,比纯碳材料提高6.1℃和7.8℃。该研究表明碳化树菇在海水淡化领域具有很好的应用前景。

含海洋能发电的海岛微网源荷储容量优化配置研究

为了提高风能、太阳能和海洋能等可再生能源的利用率,并保证远洋海岛淡水供给,合理地配置微网的源荷储容量是海岛微网建设的关键。结合海岛特有的源荷特点,针对海岛微网源荷储容量配置所面临的问题,文中提出了一种含海洋能发电的远洋海岛微网源荷储容量优化配置方法。分析典型海岛微网结构,并建立波浪能、潮汐能及海水淡化等海岛特有的源荷模型;根据远洋海岛源荷运行特性,将外层容量配置优化和内层运行成本优化相结合,提出海岛微网源荷储容量配置的双层优化模型;考虑供电可靠性和居民用水需求,基于构建的海岛微网协调运行控制策略,利用粒子群算法对双层优化模型进行求解。算例分析表明,文中提出的优化配置方法可以更加合理地实现海岛源荷储容量配置,为未来远洋海岛微网建设提供理论依据和技术支撑。

新能源在海水淡化中的应用

随着全球水资源短缺的问题日益突出,新能源技术的引入成为解决海水淡化成本及碳减排的重要途径。文章将探讨新能源技术对海水淡化过程的影响,并对新能源海水淡化技术的发展趋势及前景进行了预测。

三维光热蒸发器结构设计理念研究进展

太阳能驱动界面蒸发过程因清洁环保、无污染的特点而受到广泛关注,利用太阳能光热蒸发器进行海水淡化可有效缓解地球表面淡水资源匮乏的困境。经过数十年发展,光热蒸发过程及机理逐渐明晰,且已开发出多种材料及形式的蒸发器。其中,三维(3D)光热蒸发器由于存在3D空腔结构,不仅可以允许光的多次反射促进吸收,其较大的侧面面积也可改善热管理并促进水蒸发,具有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了3D光热蒸发器结构设计及在海水淡化应用中的研究进展,从光吸收、热管理、耐盐结晶等方面,总结了已开发的3D蒸发器结构对蒸发速率和蒸发效率的影响,最后总结了当前光热蒸发器研究及实际应用过程中存在的问题,并展望了未来光热蒸发技术的发展趋势。

国产IPX能量回收装置在大型反渗透海水淡化中的运行

介绍了国产电机驱动转子式能量回收装置在山东某海水淡化厂中的运行情况。该海水淡化厂采用气浮-超滤预处理,经二级反渗透淡化,二级反渗透产能为5万m^(3)/d。一级反渗透海水淡化设置了3套产能为1.96万m^(3)/d SWRO单元,其中1#单元采用了国产IPX-110能量回收装置,2020年5月完成调试,测试效率为90.5%,运行3年多,当前效率为92.0%,运行性能稳定;2#和3#单元采用了进口PX能量回收装置。运行结果各项指标均达设计目标,满足了周边工业企业用水要求。

太阳能驱动界面蒸发海水淡化技术研究进展

为深入了解太阳能界面蒸发海水淡化技术的发展与应用,从光吸收和热管理两个角度介绍目前太阳能界面蒸发的研究进展,并讨论界面蒸发海水淡化技术的发展方向和应用前景。总结不同类别、不同结构的光热转换材料对光热利用效率的影响,归纳不同形式的热量损失对界面蒸发速率的影响,探讨太阳能界面蒸发海水淡化技术目前存在的挑战和未来发展,以期对后续海水淡化技术的实际应用提供参考。