Experimental and mechanism studies on seawater flue gas desulfurization

Seawater flue gas desulfurization (Seawater FGD) process has a number of advantages, but the study on mechanism of seawater FGD is little. The effects of absorbing efficiency of SO 2 by the constant component and part of trace transition elements in seawater are studied by the experiment. The results indicate that the effect factors of absorption of SO 2 by seawater are alkaline, ion intensity, catalysis of Cl - and transition metal ions Fe 2+ , Mn 2+ . The degree of effect is alkaline > the catalysis of Cl -, Fe 2+ and Mn 2+ >ion intensity. The mechanisms of catalysis oxidation for S(IV) by Cl -, Fe 2+ and Mn 2+ are discussed. According to the results, some measures can be used to improve the capability of desulfurization.

Study on the reaction activity of CuO/γ-Al_2O_3 for dry flue gas desulfurization

The copper oxide bed regenerable adsorber process can efficiently remove sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfur trioxide (SO3) and reduce nitrogen oxides (NOX) from flue gas with no solid or liquid byproducts. This paper investigates the dry flue gas desulfu- rization activities of the CuO/γ-Al2O3 under different operation conditions finding that the dispersion degree of copper oxide can achieve a threshold value, which is 0.47 mg/m2 carriers. The conclusion confirms that the sulfur capacity of desulfurizer is asso- ciated with flue gas’ space velocity, reaction temperature, copper content and the struc- ture of sorbent pellet, etc. And with the condition of the desulfurization reaction tem- perature 673 K, the space velocity 11 200 h-1 and the S/Cu mole ratio under 1, the sulfur removal efficiency can go upwards to 95%.

Low-temperature oxidation behavior and mechanism of semi-dry desulfurization ash from iron ore sintering flue gas

The low-temperature wet oxidation behavior of semi-dry desulfurization ash from iron ore sintering flue gas in ammonium citrate solution was investigated for efficiently utilizing the low-quality desulfurization ash. The effects of the ammonium citrate concentration, oxidation temperature, solid/liquid ratio, and oxidation time on the wet oxidation behavior of desulfurization ash were studied. Simultaneously, the oxidation mechanism of desulfurization ash was revealed by means of X-ray diffraction, Zeta electric resistance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Under the optimal conditions with ammonium citrate, the oxidation ratio of CaSO_(3) was up to the maximum value (98.49%), while that of CaSO_(3) was only 8.92% without ammonium citrate. Zeta electric resistance and XPS results indicate that the dissolution process of CaSO_(3) could be significantly promoted by complexation derived from the ammonium citrate hydrolysis. As a result, the oxidation process of CaSO_(3) was transformed from particle oxidation to SO_(3)^(2−) ion oxidation, realizing the rapid transformation of desulfurization ash from CaSO_(3) to CaSO_(4) at low temperature. It provides a reference for the application of semi-dry desulfurization ash and contributes to sustainable management for semi-dry desulfurization ash.

Resource utilization of flue gas calcium-based desulfurization ash:a comprehensive review

Calcium-based desulfurization ash(CDA)is mainly produced in dry and semi-dry flue gas desulfurization processes.The property of CDA is extremely unstable because its main component,calcium sulfite,makes it difficult to be directly applied to the field of building materials.The modification of desulfurization ash can be realized by high-temperature oxidation and wet oxidation.After modification,CDA can be widely used in building materials.Hydrothermal oxidation has broad development prospects because it can complete the oxidation of CDA and the removal of impurity elements at the same time.CDA can be used to prepare high value-added products of calcium sulfate whiskers and ecological rubber fillers.

Removal of SO_2 from flue gas using Bayer red mud:Influence factors and mechanism

The absorbent composing of Bayer red mud and water was prepared and applied to removing SO2 from flue gas.Effects of the ratio of liquid to solid(L/S),the absorption temperature,the inlet SO2 concentration,the O2 concentration,SO4^2-and other different components of Bayer red mud on desulfurization were conducted.The mechanism of flue gas desulfurization was also established.The results indicated that L/S was the prominent factor,followed by the inlet SO2 concentration and the temperature was the least among them.The optimum condition was as follows:L/S,the temperature and the SO2 concentration were 20:1,25℃and 1000 mg/m^3,respectively,under the gas flow of 1.5 L/min.The desulfurization efficiency was not significantly influenced when O2 concentration was above 7%.The accumulation of SO4^2-inhibited the desulfurization efficiency.The alkali absorption and metal ions liquid catalytic oxidation were involved in the process,which accounted for 98.61%.

O_(3)oxidation combined with semi-dry method for simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification of sintering/pelletizing flue gas

With the vigorous development of China's iron and steel industry and the introduction of ultra-low emission policies,the emission of pollutants such as SO_(2)and NO x has received unprecedented attention.Considering the increase of the proportion of semi-dry desulfurization technology in the desulfurization process,several semi-dry desulphurization technologies such as flue gas circulating fluidized bed(CFB),dense flow absorber(DFA)and spray drying absorption(SDA)are briefly summarized.Moreover,a method for simultaneous treatment of SO_(2)and NOx in sintering/pelletizing flue gas by O_(3)oxidation combined with semidry method is introduced.Meantime,the effects of key parameters such as O_(3)/NO molar ratio,Ca SO_(3),SO_(2),reaction temperature,Ca/(S+2 N)molar ratio,droplet size and approach to adiabatic saturation temperature(AAST)on denitrification and desulfurization are analyzed.Furthermore,the reaction mechanism of denitrification and desulfurization is further elucidated.Finally,the advantages and development prospects of the new technology are proposed.

Experimental and mechanism studies on simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification from flue gas using a flue gas circulating fluidized bed

The oxidizing highly reactive absorbent was prepared from fly ash,industry lime,and an oxidizing additive M.Experiments of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification were carried out in a flue gas circulating fluidized bed(CFB).The effects of influencing factors and calcium availability were also investigated on the removal efficiencies of desulfurization and denitrification.Removal efficiencies of 95.5%for SO2 and 64.8%for NO were obtained respectively under the optimal experimental conditions. The component of the spent absorbent was analyzed with chemical analysis methods.The results in- dicated that more nitrogen species appeared in the spent absorbent except sulfur species.A scanning electron microscope(SEM)and an accessory X-ray energy spectrometer were used to observe micro-properties of the samples,including fly ash,oxidizing highly reactive absorbent and spent absorbent.The simultaneous removal mechanism of SO2 and NO based on this absorbent was pro- posed according to the experimental results.

Corrosion Behaviors of Pure Titanium and Its Weldment in Simulated Desulfurized Flue Gas Condensates in Thermal Power Plant Chimney

The corrosion behaviors of pure titanium and its weldment welded by tungsten inert gas （TIG） welding in simulated desulfurized flue gas condensates in thermal power plant chimney were investigated using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） and immersion tests. The effects of heat input and shielding gases on the corrosion behavior of the welded titanium were also studied. Grain coarsening and Widmanst^itten structure were found in both the fusion zone and the heat-affected zone. The welded titanium exhibited active-passive behavior in the simulated condensates. Both the polarization curves and EIS measurements confirmed that TIG welding process with different parameters had few effects on the corrosion behavior. It was proved that the microstructure changes were not the key material factors affecting the corrosion behavior of pure titanium under the test conditions, while the oxide film had remarkable effect on improving the corrosion resistance.

Determination of sulfite in water samples by flow injection analysis with fluorescence detection

A fast,sensitive,and reliable method for the determination of sulfite（SO3^2-） in fresh water and seawater samples was developed.The proposed method was based on the reaction of o-phthalaldehyde（OPA）-sulfite-NH_3 in alkaline solution,with flow injection analysis and fluorescence detection.The experimental parameters were investigated in pure water and seawater matrixes. The detection limits（S/N = 3） were 0.006μmol/L in pure water and 0.018μmol/L in seawater for SO3^2-.The method was successfully applied to analyze SO3^2- iin the samples of rain water and flue gas desulfurization seawater.

Field Studies on the Removal Characteristics of Particulate Matter and SO_(x) in Ultra-Low Emission Coal-Fired Power Plant

In order to reduce the environmental smog caused by coal combustion,air pollution control devices have been widely used in coal-fired power plants,especially of wet flue gas desulfurization(WFGD)and wet electrostatic precipitator(WESP).In this work,particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10μm(PM_(10))and sulfur oxides(SO_(x))have been studied in a coal-fired power plant.The plant is equipped with selective catalytic reduction,electrostatic precipitator,WFGD,WESP.The results show that the PM_(10)removal efficiencies in WFGD and WESP are 54.34%and 50.39%,respectively,and the overall removal efficiency is 77.35%.WFGD and WESP have effects on the particle size distribution.After WFGD,the peak of particles shifts from 1.62 to 0.95μm,and the mass concentration of fine particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 0.61μm increases.After WESP,the peak of particle size shifts from 0.95 to 1.61μm.The differences are due to the agglomeration and growth of small particles.The SO_(3)mass concentration increases after SCR,but WFGD has a great influence on SO_(x)with the efficiency of 96.56%.WESP can remove SO_(x),but the efficiency is 20.91%.The final emission factors of SO_(2),SO_(3),PM_(1),PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)are 0.1597,0.0450,0.0154,0.0267 and 0.0215(kg·t^(−1)),respectively.Compared with the research results without ultra-low emission retrofit,the emission factors are reduced by 1~2 orders of magnitude,and the emission control level of air pollutants is greatly improved.

海水烟气脱硫恢复系统的实验室模拟评价

恢复系统是海水烟气脱硫(SWFGD)技术的重要组成部分,如何对设计和运行参数进行实验评价一直是难点问题。本文在前期大量工程实践的基础上,建立了一套模拟实际工况多参数变化的循环式实验装置,将曝气深度和池容积按比例缩小,并强化处理海水的循环次数,提出针对气液比计算的缩比模型经验公式。实验中通过调节气体或液体流量、氧化时间、曝气池高度和容积等参数,有效模拟了工厂直排型海水脱硫恢复系统气液比(0.29~7.74)对S(IV)氧化效率、溶液pH值和溶解氧(DO)浓度的影响。此外,还评价了一种电化学-化学复合氧化改进处理技术,考察增加电极保护套对恢复参数的影响,研究结果可为工业放大提供依据。

光催化/VUV/海水吸收协同用于舰船烟气脱硫脱硝的研究

针对舰船烟气脱硫脱硝需求,提出采用光催化/真空紫外(Vacuum Ultraviolet,VUV)辐射协同海水吸收脱硫脱硝一体化技术,强化SO2和NO在海水中的传质吸收过程。基于舰船烟气脱硫脱硝的过程分析机理,设计小试装置模拟舰船的烟气脱硫脱硝系统,开展实验探究液气比、温度、空速、SO2和NO初始浓度等关键参数下的系统脱硫脱硝率,揭示参数间的相互作用规律。实验结果表明,该系统最佳液气比≤6.5 L·m-3,空速≤680 h-1,系统脱硫率随温度升高而降低,而脱硝能力在温度高于60℃时有所增强,较纯海水吸收SO2脱除率为100%时液气比可减少1.5 L·m-3,大大减少了反应器负荷,可适用于舰船烟气脱硫脱硝。NO脱除率随SO2初始浓度从1600 mg·m-3增至3800 mg·m-3时而减小,而SO2初始浓度超过3800 mg·m-3后对NO脱除率几乎无影响;SO2的脱除效率不随NO初始浓度的变化而变化。且模拟舰船处于淡水区时,脱硫脱硝效果分别达到90%和80%以上,仍满足模拟舰船在淡水区脱硫脱硝的目的。综合分析,兼具运行成本低、设备尺寸小及脱硫脱硝效果好等优点的光催化/VUV协同海水吸收脱硫脱硝一体化技术在舰船烟气净化领域具有重要的应用价值。

海水法烟气脱硫试验

介绍了海水法烟气脱硫试验。结果表明,在液气比为10 L/m^3、穿流筛板吸收塔的塔板数为4和塔板开孔率为37%的条件下,脱硫率达到90%以上;塔板数为6时,脱硫率达95%以上。用作SO_2吸收液的海水经过30 min的空气曝气,SO_3^(2-)氧化率达到100%;新鲜海水与吸收液以1:1的体积比中和后,pH值上升到6.8,COD_(Mn)(锰法化学需氧量)和DO(溶解氧)指标均达到三类海水水质标准。

应用于海水烟气脱硫的沸石负载氧化铁催化剂的研究

采用浸渍法制备了天然斜发沸石负载氧化铁催化剂。研究了浸渍方式和焙烧温度对负载后氧化铁层的结构、形貌和团聚状况的影响。分别使用SEM-EDS、XRD和H2-程序升温脱附(H2-TPR)等方法对其进行表征,从结果可以看出,有4.00%的氧化铁负载于斜发沸石表面,负载后Fe的价态为+3,还原峰温度分别出现在380℃和560℃,依次对应Fe2O3还原为Fe3O4及Fe3O4还原为FeO的两个过程。由于斜发沸石具有良好的亲水性,同时负载后的氧化铁在其表面有较高的分散性,使得该催化剂的烟气低温海水脱硫活性较高。