NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF METHANE-AIR TURBULENT JET FLAME USING A NEW SECOND-ORDER MOMENT MODEL

A new second-order moment model for turbulent combustion is ap-plied in the simulation of methane-air turbulent jet flame.The predicted resultsare compared with the experimental results and with those predicted using the well-known EBU-Arrhenius model and the original second-order moment model.Thecomparison shows the advantage of the new model that it requires almost the samecomputational storage and time as that of the original second-order moment model,but its modeling results are in better agreement with experiments than those usingother models.Hence,the new second-order moment model is promising in modelingturbulent combustion with NO_x formation with finite reaction rate for engineeringapplication.

A two-scale second-order moment two-phase turbulence model for simulating dense gas-particle flows

A two-scale second-order moment two-phase turbulence model accounting for inter-particle collision is developed, based on the concepts of particle large-scale fluctuation due to turbulence and particle small-scale fluctuation due to collision and through a unified treatment of these two kinds of fluctuations. The proposed model is used to simulate gas-particle flows in a channel and in a downer. Simulation results are in agreement with the experimental results reported in references and are near the results obtained using the single-scale second-order moment two-phase turbulence model superposed with a particle collision model (USM-θ model)in most regions.

Modelling of Turbulent Nonpremixed CH4/H2 Flame Using Second-Moment Turbulence Closure Models

Turbulent nonpremixed CH4/H2 flame has been simulated using several typical differential secondmoment turbulence closure (SMTC) models. To clarify the applicability of the various models, the LRR-IP model,JM model, SSG model as well as two modified LRR-IP models were tested. Some of above-mentioned SMTC models cannot provide the overall satisfactory predictions of this challenging case. It is confirmed again that the standard LRR-IP model considerably overpredict the centerline velocity decay rate, and therefore performs not well. Also it is interesting to observe that the JM model does not perform well in this challenging test case, although it has already been proved successful in other cases. The SSG model produces quite satisfactory prediction and performs equally well or better than the two modified LRR-IP models in the reacting case. It can be concluded that the modified LRR-IP models as well as the SSG model are superior to the other SMTC models in the turbulent nonpremixed CH4/H2 flame.

RANDOM SINGULAR INTEGRAL OF RANDOM PROCESS WITH SECOND ORDER MOMENT

This paper discussses the random singular integral of random process with second order moment, establishes the concepts of the random singular integral and proves that it's a linear bounded operator of space Hα(L)(m, s). Then Plemelj formula and some other properties for random singular integral are proved.

Comparison of a Full Second-Order Moment Model and an Algebraic Stress Two-Phase Turbulence Model for Simulating Bubble-Liquid Flows in a Bubble Column

A full second-order moment (FSM) model and an algebraic stress (ASM) two-phase turbulence modelare proposed and applied to predict turbulent bubble-liquid flows in a 2D rectangular bubble column. Predictiongives the bubble and liquid velocities, bubble volume fraction, bubble and liquid Reynolds stresses and bubble-liquidvelocity correlation. For predicted two-phase velocities and bubble volume fraction there is only slight differencebetween these two models, and the simulation results using both two models are in good agreement with the particleimage velocimetry (PIV) measurements. Although the predicted two-phase Reynolds stresses using the FSM are insomewhat better agreement with the PIV measurements than those predicted using the ASM, the Reynolds stressespredicted using both two models are in general agreement with the experiments. Therefore, it is suggested to usethe ASM two-phase turbulence model in engineering application for saving the computation time.

Discrete Time Mean-variance Analysis with Singular Second Moment Matrixes and an Exogenous Liability

我们使用动态编程方法计算外长的责任与财产的回来向量的单个秒时刻矩阵在一个多时期市场模型影响的动态吝啬变化的优化问题的分析答案。我们使用直角的转变克服那些单个矩阵生产的困难，并且有效边疆的分析形式被获得。作为应用，最佳的吝啬变化的 hedging 策略的明确的形式也为我们的模型被获得。

SECOND-MOMENT CLOSURE FOR MODELLING THE NEAR-WALL TURBULENCE IN 3D MEAN FLOWS

A second-moment closure for the near-wall turbulence is proposed.The limiting behaviour of this closure near a wall is consistent with that of theexact Reynolds-stress transport equations, and it converts asymptotically into a high-Reynolds-number closure remote from the wall. The closure is applied to a pressure-driven 3D transient channel flow. The predicted results are in fair agreement withthe DNS data.

SECOND-ORDER MOMENT MODEL FOR DENSE TWO-PHASE TURBULENT FLOW OF BINGHAM FLUID WITH PARTICLES

The USM-θmodel of Bingham fluid for dense two-phase turbulent flow was developed, which combines the second-order moment model for two-phase turbulence with the particle kinetic theory for the inter-particle collision. In this model, phases interaction and the extra term of Bingham fluid yield stress are taken into account. An algorithm for USM-θmodel in dense two-phase flow was proposed, in which the influence of particle volume fraction is accounted for. This model was used to simulate turbulent flow of Bingham fluid single-phase and dense liquid-particle two-phase in pipe. It is shown USM-θmodel has better prediction result than the five-equation model, in which the particle-particle collision is modeled by the particle kinetic theory, while the turbulence of both phase is simulated by the two-equation turbulence model. The USM-θmodel was then used to simulate the dense two-phase turbulent up flow of Bingham fluid with particles. With the increasing of the yield stress, the velocities of Bingham and particle decrease near the pipe centre. Comparing the two-phase flow of Bingham-particle with that of liquid-particle, it is found the source term of yield stress has significant effect on flow.

EFFECT OF EMPIRICAL COEFFICIENTS ON SIMULATION IN TWO-SCALE SECOND-ORDER MOMENT PARTICLE-PHASE TURBULENCE MODEL

A two-scale second-order moment two-phase turbulence model accounting for inter-particle collision is developed, based on the concept of particle large-scale fluctuation due to turbulence and particle small-scale fluctuation due to collision. The proposed model is used to simulate gas-particle downer reactor flows. The computational results of both particle volume fraction and mean velocity are in agreement with the experimental results. After analyzing effects of empirical coefficient on prediction results, we can come to a conclusion that, inside the limit range of empirical coefficient, the predictions do not reveal a large sensitivity to the empirical coefficient in the downer reactor, but a relatively great change of the constants has important effect on the prediction.

基于早期股直肌超声纹理特征的首次有创机械通气患者30天死亡风险预测模型的构建与验证

目的基于早期股直肌超声纹理特征,构建首次有创机械通气患者30天死亡风险预测模型及验证。方法采用便利抽样法选择2022年1月至2023年12月入住河南省人民医院呼吸重症患者为研究对象,按8∶2随机分为训练集(n=304)和测试集(n=76)。两组均在插管后第1天、第3天、第5天和第7天使用床旁超声收集纹理特征参数。训练集依据第30天是否死亡为终点事件分为死亡组(n=80)和幸存组(n=224)。采用广义估计模型筛选患者30天死亡的影响因素并建立模型,绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线下面积(area under receiver operating characteristic curve,AUC)评价模型的区分度,通过校准图和Hosmer-Lemeshow评价模型的校准度。结果年龄、氧合指数(P/F)、患肾脏疾病、使用类固醇激素、股直肌厚度变化率、均值和角二阶距是首次机械通气患者30天死亡的影响因素(P<0.05)。训练集和测试集的AUC分别为0.832(95%CI 0.767~0.898)和0.819(95%CI 0.722~0.916),提示模型的区分度良好。训练集和测试集的Hosmer-Lemeshow分别为5.969(P=0.651)和4.336(P=0.826),校准曲线与对角线重合度较高,说明预测模型的校准度较好。结论本研究基于早期股直肌超声纹理特征建立的预测模型可有效地预测首次机械通气患者30天死亡风险。

基于遥感图像的不动产地理信息采集方法研究

现有的不动产地理信息采集方法难以精准地划分不动产边界,导致不动产地理信息采集结果误差较大,为此,提出基于遥感图像的不动产地理信息采集方法。以角二阶矩参量和相关性为基础,提取遥感图像的特征参量,根据其划分采集范围内各个不动产的边界信息,通过匹配目标不动产像素在遥感图像空间维度网格范围内位置,实现对其地理信息的采集。测试结果表明,设计方法的Kappa系数均值为0.687,图像信息采集精度均在97%以上,不动产地理信息采集结果与实际信息基本一致,未出现缺失情况,因此说明所提出的地理信息采集方法可以降低采集误差。

The Lifting Scheme Based on the Second Generation Wavelets

The lifting scheme is a custom-design construction of Biorthogonal wavelets, a fast and efficient method to realize wavelet transform,which provides a wider range of application and efficiently reduces the computing time with its particular frame. This paper aims at introducing the second generation wavelets,begins with traditional Mallat algorithms, illustrates the lifting scheme and brings out the detail steps in the construction of Biorthogonal wavelets. Because of isolating the degrees of freedom remaining the biorthogonality relations, we can fully control over the lifting operators to design the wavelet for a particular application, such as increasing the number of the vanishing moments.

Probabilistic density function estimation of geotechnical shear strength parameters using the second Chebyshev orthogonal polynomial

估计概率的密度函数(PDF ) 的一个方法砍力量参数被建议。与样品时刻(起源时刻) 相结合的第二个 Chebyshev 直角的多项式(SCOP ) 被用来接近参数的 PDF。2 测试的χ ~ 被采用验证方法的可获得性。因为没有古典理论分布预先被假定，推理结果提供概率密度曲线的一种通用形式，它是没有分发的。六很使用得通常的理论分布说出正常，记载正常、极端价值Ⅰ，鲸鱼群一，贝它和 Weibull 分布被用来验证 SCOP 方法。从一种淤泥泥土的结合 c 的观察数据的一个例子为解说性的目的被举。在 SCOP 的接受层次都是比在古典有限比较方法和 SCOP 功能的那些小的结果表演在 geotechnical 工程的可靠性分析更精确、有效。

棉花轧工质量机器视觉检测系统设计与试验

针对棉花轧工质量现行人工感官检验中存在的劳动强度大、主观性强、检测效率低等问题,设计一种基于机器视觉的棉花轧工质量检测系统。系统由压棉机构、图像采集机构、检测处理机、检测控制板卡和触控显示屏组成。设计了低角度直接照明系统与图像采集机构,LED光源以检测视窗法线呈45°方向照射,工业相机透过光学玻璃采集棉花图像。采用图像纹理特征表达棉花外观形态,通过测定轧工质量实物标准的角二阶矩,建立图像纹理特征与外观形态关系模型,融合噪声点评价与高低阈值自适应的Canny方法进行图像滤波与分割识别,根据欧氏距离进行轧工质量等级判定,并选取棉样进行系统试验验证。结果表明,轧工质量实物标准P1、P2、P3的角二阶矩分别为[0.8932,1]、[0.6891,0.7761]、[0.2136,0.5873],各等级间的角二阶矩纹理特征值区别明显,验证了图像纹理表达棉花外观形态的可行性。系统的疵点粒数指标检测相对偏差为0.15,疵点与背景的分离效果明显。与国标检验方法相比,轧工质量视觉系统检测准确率达94.20%,检测偏差上下浮动不大于1个轧工质量等级,与国标检验结果一致性高。单个棉样系统检测耗时1.2 s,检测效率提升77.36%。系统能够满足现场使用要求,为棉花轧工质量指标的仪器化检测提供了技术参考。

钢筋钢纤维自密实混凝土梁弯曲性能及变形预测

基于有效截面惯性矩,提出了钢筋钢纤维自密实混凝土梁式构件(R/SFRSCC)瞬时弯曲挠度的简化模型。与普通钢筋混凝土梁式构件不同,R/SFRSCC需要考虑受拉区开裂截面钢纤维对梁式构件截面惯性矩的贡献,并基于内力平衡和应变协调计算了梁式构件开裂截面的中和轴高度。为研究钢纤维对钢筋自密实混凝土梁式构件瞬时弯曲变形性能的影响并验证预测模型的准确性,对9根钢筋钢纤维自密实混凝土梁式构件进行了四点抗弯试验,以钢纤维掺量和纵筋配筋率为主要变化参数。结果表明,钢纤维的掺入可以显著提高钢筋自密实混凝土梁式构件开裂后的截面抗弯刚度。正常使用阶段,掺入30 kg/m^(3)和50 kg/m^(3)的钢纤维可使钢筋自密实混凝土梁式构件开裂后的截面抗弯刚度提高26%~117%,但钢纤维的作用随着纵筋配筋率的增加而减弱。采用提出的瞬时挠度简化模型,对比了预测的与实测的钢筋屈服前荷载-跨中挠度曲线,两者吻合较好,模型可用于钢筋钢纤维自密实混凝土梁式构件瞬时弯曲变形的预测。

TPDF-ASOM复合湍流燃烧模型及其检验

先进航空发动机燃烧室设计要求对湍流火焰精确控制,现有模拟方法需提高精度和效率。输运概率密度函数(TPDF)湍流燃烧模型精度高,代数二阶矩(ASOM)湍流燃烧模型计算成本低,类比离散涡模拟思想,基于Da数将湍流燃烧场区分“高精度”和“低成本”2个区域,在输运方程框架下采用随机场TPDF(高精度)和ASOM(低成本)方法重构TPDF-ASOM复合湍流燃烧模型,以提高模拟的整体精度和效率。在大涡模拟(LES)-TPDF程序平台创建ASOM并进一步实现TPDF-ASOM复合湍流燃烧模型,用Flame D实验数据检验所建模型和方法。结果表明:所建模型的预测结果与实验值接近,而且能够兼顾精度和计算效率。

基于光斑二阶矩的阵列光束倾斜相差自适应控制方法

针对阵列光束相干合成中存在的倾斜相差大的问题,提出了基于合成光束远场光斑二阶矩的阵列光束倾斜相差自适应控制方法。以合成光束远场光斑二阶矩作为评价函数,理论上模拟了采用随机并行梯度下降算法实现7路光束的倾斜闭环控制过程。实验上搭建了7路光纤激光相干合成系统,利用自适应光纤准直器对倾斜相差进行校正。以合成光束远场光斑的二阶矩作为评价函数,采用随机并行梯度下降算法,实现了7路光束的倾斜的闭环控制,合成光束模拟远场光斑的桶中功率由0.05 V提升至1.95 V。实验中将倾斜扰动的增益系数变为与二阶矩相关的函数,实现了自适应变增益系数的倾斜闭环,在一定程度上提升了倾斜控制的带宽。从理论上和实验上验证了基于光斑二阶矩的倾斜相差自适应控制方法在光束合成及合成孔径探测领域应用的可行性。

基于有限元的边坡稳定可靠度改进一次二阶矩法研究

为研究岩质边坡岩体参数变化时的稳定性,提出一种基于有限元的边坡稳定可靠度改进一次二阶矩法。首先,针对边坡工程中广泛存在的隐式极限状态函数可靠性问题,定义极限状态函数为滑体极限状态下抗滑力与下滑力的差值,考虑黏聚力及内摩擦角作为随机变量并且服从独立正态分布,求出极限状态方程中随机变量的偏导数;然后,根据改进一次二阶矩法编写了求解边坡失稳概率和可靠指标的计算程序;最后,通过算例验证了所提方法的适用性。某库岸边坡可靠性分析结果表明,该方法具有计算流程简单、便于开展、节省机时、计算精度高的优点。

基于BP神经网络和一次二阶矩法的结构可靠度分析

工程结构的功能函数大多为隐式表达式,使得以功能函数的显式表达式为基础的可靠度计算方法难以应用。为此,基于BP神经网络法和一次二阶矩法,根据结构随机变量的统计特性进行随机抽样获取有限数量的样本点,计算出每组样本点下结构的响应值;然后,将其代入由结构响应容许值与实际响应值建立的功能函数中,得到每组样本点下结构的功能函数值;利用BP神经网络对功能函数进行拟合,得到其显式表达式之后,采用一次二阶矩法计算结构可靠度,提出了一种针对隐式功能函数的结构可靠度分析方法。本文方法可以将结构的隐式功能函数进行拟合,从而得到显式功能函数,并最终利用基于显式功能函数的可靠度算法来计算结构可靠度。算例分析表明,本文方法能正确计算结构的验算点和可靠指标,具有较高的计算精度,为功能函数无法显式表达的结构可靠度分析提供了一种可行的方法。

基于有限元的重力坝抗滑稳定静动力可靠度快速求解方法

重力坝的抗滑稳定是重力坝工程能够安全运行的关键,其抗滑稳定的可靠度研究是当前水利工程领域的重要研究课题.为了解决采用蒙特卡罗法求解可靠指标时计算效率低、采用响应面法时求解精度不高问题,本文提出一种基于有限元的改进一次二阶矩法进行重力坝抗滑稳定可靠度计算.首先,将坝基岩体抗剪断强度参数视为随机变量,定义功能函数为抗滑稳定极限平衡状态下阻滑力与滑动力的差值,在极限平衡状态条件下推导了功能函数中随机变量的偏导数;然后考虑地震荷载作用的随机性,采用基于全概率公式的数值拟合积分方法计算抗滑稳定静动力可靠指标并将此方法应用于某重力坝工程的抗滑稳定分析中.研究结果表明,该方法在保证计算精度的情况下具有更高的求解效率和收敛速度,故可为类似工程的抗滑稳定静动力可靠度分析提供方法借鉴.