Super-harmonic resonance of gear transmission system under stick-slip vibration in high-speed train

This work deals with super-harmonic responses and the stabilities of a gear transmission system of a high-speed train under the stick-slip oscillation of the wheel-set.The dynamic model of the system is developed with consideration on the factors including the time-varying system stiffness,the transmission error,the tooth backlash and the self-excited excitation of the wheel-set.The frequency-response equation of the system at super-harmonic resonance is obtained by the multiple scales method,and the stabilities of the system are analyzed using the perturbation theory.Complex nonlinear behaviors of the system including multi-valued solutions,jump phenomenon,hardening stiffness are found.The effects of the equivalent damping and the loads of the system under the stick-slip oscillation are analyzed.It shows that the change of the load can obviously influence the resonance frequency of the system and have little effect on the steady-state response amplitude of the system.The damping of the system has a negative effect,opposite to the load.The synthetic damping of the system composed of meshing damping and equivalent damping may be less than zero when the wheel-set has a large slippage,and the system loses its stability owing to the Hopf bifurcation.Analytical results are validated by numerical simulations.

First and Second Order Statistics Features for Classification of Magnetic Resonance Brain Images

In literature, features based on First and Second Order Statistics that characterizes textures are used for classification of images. Features based on statistics of texture provide far less number of relevant and distinguishable features in comparison to existing methods based on wavelet transformation. In this paper, we investigated performance of texture-based features in comparison to wavelet-based features with commonly used classifiers for the classification of Alzheimer’s disease based on T2-weighted MRI brain image. The performance is evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, training and testing time. Experiments are performed on publicly available medical brain images. Experimental results show that the performance with First and Second Order Statistics based features is significantly better in comparison to existing methods based on wavelet transformation in terms of all performance measures for all classifiers.

An analytical study on the second-order resonance system of tide in an ideal partially-enclosed bay

In the numerical studies of a real tide M4 resonance system, the Xiangshan Port which is a partially-closed bay, Dong et al. [1999. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 21 （3）： 1-6] found the interesting phenomenon that the advection plays an important role in inhibiting the growth of the amplitude of the tidal second-order resonance response （M4）. This result is contrary to the general traditional ideas for a non-resonance system. How this phenomenon is interpreted and what internal mechanism is behind the phenomenon are the main focuses of this study. The followings are examined： （1） the dynamic features of a second-order resonance system of tide; （2） the dominating factors on the second-order resonance responses; （3） the effects of both the friction and the advection on the second-order resonance responses; and （4） their roles in dominating the second-order resonance response and internal mechanisms by using the analytical methods. The respective results show that： （1） Both the bottom friction and the advection play significant roles in dominating the magnitude of the amplitude of the second-order resonance responses; （2） the effect of the friction on the second-order resonance response depends on the distribution ratio of the work-done of the system to friction force exhausted into between the damping of the first-order system and the inner excitation of the second-order system; （3） the advection plays a positive role in increasing the amplitude of the second-order non-resonance response in the second order non-resonance of tide; （4） in a second-order resonance system of tide, the effect of the advection may be either to increase or to decrease the amplitudes of the second-order resonance responses of tide, which depends on the distribution ratio mentioned above.

Determination of Matrine and Oxymatrine in Radix Sophorae Flavescentis by Resonance Rayleigh Scattering, Second-order Scattering and Frequency Doubling Scattering Technique

In 0.1 mol/L HCl medium, 12-tungstophosphoric（TP） acid reacted with matrine（Mat） and oxymatrine（Oxy） to form an ion-association complex. As a result, the new spectra of resonance Rayleigh scattering（RRS）, second-order scattering（SOS） and frequency doubling scattering（FDS） appeared and their intensities were enhanced greatly. The maximum scattering wavelengths of RRS, SOS and FDS were located at 370, 670 and 390 nm, respectively. The in-crements of scattering intensity were directly proportional to the concentration of Mat and Oxy in a certain range. Based on this, the method for the determination of matrine and oxymatrine has been established. It has been applied to the determination of matrine and oxymatrine in samples of Radix sophorae flavescentis with satisfactory result. The reaction mechanism and reasons of RRS enhancement were discussed.

Numerical investigation of influence of wave directionality on the water resonance at a narrow gap between two rectangular barges

A three-dimensional time-domain potential flow model with second-order nonlinearity was applied to simulate the wave resonance in a gap between two side-by-side rectangular barges. In the model, the velocity potential was decomposed into the incident potential and unknown scattered potential which was obtained by solving the boundary integral equation. The fourth-order predict-correct method was applied to enforce the free surface conditions in the time integration. The influence of the wave direction on the first and second-order gap surface elevations was investigated. The results reveal that the incident wave angle does not affect the resonant wave frequency and the maximum surface elevation at resonance always occurs at the middle location along the gap. However, the corresponding maximum wave surface elevation at resonance varies with the incident wave angle. The location of the maximum wave elevation shifts either upstream or downstream along the gap, depending on the relative magnitude of incident wave frequency to the resonant frequency.

Acousto-Resonance Spectroscopy of Nonlinear-Optical Crystals in Process of Laser Frequency Conversion

Dependence of the periodically poled nonlinear-optical lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal temperature on laser power in the course of laser frequency conversion was measured using piezoelectric resonance. Crystal’s temperature tuning curves are precisely measured using concept of the equivalent temperature. Both optical absorption and heat transfer coefficients of the crystal are measured employing kinetics of the crystal equivalent temperature.

Resonance Rayleigh Scattering and Resonance Nonlinear Scattering Methods for Determination of Methylene Blue with 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid

In a pH=0.65―1.5 NaAc-HCl medium, methylene blue（MB） reacts with 12-tungstophosphoric acid （TPA） by virtue of electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic force to form a 3：2 ion-association complex. As a result, the intensities of resonance Rayleigh scattering（RRS）, second-order scattering（SOS） and frequency doubling scatte- ring（FDS） are enhanced greatly. The maximum scattering wavelengths of RRS, SOS and FDS are located at 316, 647 and 311 nm. The increments of scattering intensity（△I） are directly proportional to the concentration of MB in a certain range. The methods exhibited high sensitivity, and the detection limits（3s） for MB are 2.3 ng/mL（RRS method）, 5.6 ng/mL（SOS method） and 6.4 ng/mL（FDS method）, respectively. The effects of coexisting substances have been examined, and the results indicate that the methods have good selectivity. Based on the above researches, a new spectral method for the determination of trace amounts of MB has been developed. It can be applied to the determination of MB in human serum, and the recoveries are 97.5%―105.0%. The results are in good agreement with those obtained by the pharmacopoeia method. In this work, the optimum conditions of the reaction and the influencing factors were investigated. In addition, the reaction mechanism and the reasons of the enhancement of resonance light scattering were discussed.

无交流侧电压传感器的并网逆变器控制技术研究

传统的三相并网逆变器需要安装交流侧电压传感器,增加并网逆变器成本的同时影响了可靠性。本文研究了一种基于二阶广义积分器的电网电压观测器,并结合了基于电容电流反馈有源阻尼的准比例谐振控制算法,实现了并网电流的精准控制。仿真结果证明这种控制方法的有效性。

应用于动态核极化核磁共振谱仪的263 GHz二次谐波回旋管理论设计

太赫兹回旋管因其输出功率高和有一定频率调谐范围的特性,符合太赫兹波驱动的动态核极化(Dynamic Nuclear Polarization,DNP)核磁共振(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,NMR)波谱技术对辐射源的要求。常规用于NMR的基波太赫兹回旋管需要相对较强的磁场,而二次谐波工作的回旋管可极大地降低对强磁场的依赖。本文提出了一种应用于动态核极化核磁共振谱仪的263 GHz二次谐波回旋管,并基于自洽非线性理论分析了回旋管的模式选择、模式竞争和注-波互作用,确定工作模式为TE 3,3模。数值仿真结果表明注-波互作用效率为0.2%~28.7%,工作频带在263.71~263.75 GHz,符合增强核磁的太赫兹辐射源的要求。

压缩机用直线振荡电机频率跟踪控制

作为一种新型压缩机,直线压缩机具有效率高、体积小、噪声和震动小的优势,但要发挥其效率高的优点,需对驱动频率进行控制,以跟踪其机械谐振频率。针对该特性,提出了一种基于二阶广义积分器(SOGI)和双相关相位检测算法的直线振荡电机频率跟踪控制算法。该控制算法与基于位移电流积平均值(ASCP)的频率跟踪控制算法相比,具有动态响应快、变工况下运行稳定的优点,且增强了对外界干扰的抑制效果,提高了控制系统的稳定性。仿真和实验表明,所提出的控制算法可以快速跟踪电机固有频率,验证了理论的合理性和有效性。

Fabrication of amorphous nanoporous ZrO_(2)/SiO_(2) aerogel enabling nonlinear optical properties

Amorphous oxides have unique physicochemical properties with extensive opto-electronic applications such as the thin-film transistor,light-emitting diode backplanes,and supercontinuum generation.In this contribution,we synthesize the amorphous ZrO_(2)/SiO_(2) nanoporous aerogel with high structural integrity.With the femtosecond excitation laser at 800–1,064 nm,the broadband second harmonic generation is observed.The nonlinear optical properties of the as-prepared ZrO_(2)/SiO_(2) aerogel are investigated at 1.0μm and 1.5μm for the first time.Subsequently,the amorphous ZrO_(2)/SiO_(2) saturable absorber is originally applied in the Yb-doped and Er-doped fiber lasers to realize the mode-locking operations.In the Yb-doped fiber laser,the dissipative soliton resonance mode-locking operation is demonstrated with the largest pulse duration of 22 ns at a repetition rate of 7.8 MHz and a high signal-to-noise ratio of 64 dB.In the Er-doped fiber laser,a conventional soliton mod-locking regime is observed with an ultrashort pulse width of 960 fs,a repetition frequency of 6.55 MHz,and a time-bandwidth production of 0.347.Our work shows the good ability of the ZrO_(2)/SiO_(2) aerogel in generating ultrafast pulses and extends the saturable absorber into the amorphous material realm.

基于自适应参数优化RSSD-CYCBD的行星齿轮箱复合故障诊断

针对行星齿轮箱多振源耦合导致故障源辨识困难、较弱故障特征容易被噪声和较强故障特征掩盖,以及由传播路径引起的信号衰减导致的故障特征微弱等问题,提出一种自适应参数优化的共振稀疏分解(RSSD)和最大二阶循环平稳盲解卷积(CYCBD)的行星齿轮箱多故障耦合信号分离及诊断算法。根据轴承和齿轮故障的不同共振属性,用RSSD算法将多故障耦合信号分解为包含齿轮故障特征的高共振分量和主要包含轴承故障特征的低共振分量后,通过CYCBD算法分别对高、低分量进行解卷积,消除传播路径影响和噪声干扰,实现微弱故障特征的增强和提取。特别地,针对RSSD和CYCBD中参数优化困难、依赖人工经验和自适应差等问题,使用基于松鼠算法(SSA)对参数进行自适应优化选取,设计了融合包络谱峭度、自相关函数最大值均方根和特征频率比在内的复合指标作为优化目标。对解卷积后的信号进行包络解调提取故障特征频率,识别不同故障源。通过行星齿轮箱多故障模拟信号和实测信号验证了所提算法的有效性和可行性,进一步地,将所提算法集成在边缘计算设备中,为行星齿轮箱等旋转机械的状态检测诊断及远程运维提供解决方案。

基于参数自适应的RSSD-CYCBD及在轴承外圈故障特征提取中的应用

针对滚动轴承工作环境复杂、故障特征信号易被高强度噪声掩盖的问题,提出了基于参数自适应的共振稀疏分解(RSSD)和最大二阶循环平稳盲解卷积(CYCBD)的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,利用人工大猩猩部队优化算法(GTO),结合相关系数与相关峭度的融合指标,自适应选择RSSD分解参数,得到了仿真信号的最优低共振分量;然后,利用GTO结合包络熵,自适应选择CYCBD的循环频率和滤波器长度,对最优低共振分量进行了解卷积运算,从包络谱中获得了信号的故障特征频率;最后,利用美国凯斯西储大学试验台和MFS-MG机械故障综合模拟试验台数据,综合验证了该方法的有效性,并将试验结果与RSSD-MCKD方法的结果进行了对比。研究结果表明,该方法能够准确地得到仿真信号的故障频率为20 Hz、美国凯斯西储大学试验台近似故障频率为107.5 Hz、MFS-MG试验台近似故障频率为87.6 Hz。自适应RSSD-CYCBD方法能够有效地识别出故障特征频率及其倍频,实现滚动轴承故障诊断的目的。

基于积分滑模观测器的直线振荡电机谐振频率跟踪控制

现有直线振荡电机(LOM)无位置传感器谐振频率跟踪控制方法存在行程观测精度低、抗干扰能力差等问题,容易导致谐振频率跟踪精度低、频率振荡严重。为提高谐振频率跟踪控制性能,该文研究了一种基于积分滑模观测器(ISMO)的新型谐振频率跟踪控制方法。首先,基于LOM工作在系统谐振频率点时行程-电流相位差为90°的特点,提出一种双互相关函数比值方法,消除了行程变化对谐振频率跟踪控制的影响。其次,采用积分滑模面及新型趋近律设计ISMO,并利用二阶广义积分器获取行程估算信号,大大提高了行程估算精度。最后,对比实验结果表明,所提方法能够有效提高谐振频率跟踪精度、稳定时间及抗干扰能力。

改进型LCL并网逆变器电容电流正反馈控制策略

弱电网下LCL滤波并网逆变器采用传统电容电流比例有源阻尼进行入网控制时,阻尼环等效为并联在电容两端的虚拟阻抗Z_(eq)(s),而Z_(eq)(s)的负阻特性易导致控制系统无法适应较宽范围内变化的电网阻抗,鲁棒性较差甚至失稳。鉴于此,提出一种改进型电容电流有源阻尼正反馈控制策略,通过在阻尼环路中引入二阶谐振环节,利用频域分析法给出了相关参数的设计过程,可有效扩大Z_(eq)(s)的正阻特性范围,并网逆变器在弱电网下的鲁棒性得到增强。最后,通过仿真验证了改进型方法的合理性和有效性。

两相静止坐标系下基于改进型双二阶广义积分器的锁相环控制策略

由于分布式新能源和多样化负荷广泛接入电网,传统基于单同步旋转坐标系的锁相环(SRF-PLL)结构在复杂工况下无法准确地跟踪电网相位、频率等参数,因此本文提出一种在两相静止坐标系下基于改进型双二阶广义积分器(DSOGI)的锁相环控制策略。首先,采用级联谐振滤波器处理低频段奇次谐波,在二阶广义积分正交信号发生器(SOGI-QSG)的基础上添加直流偏置滤除支路,在消除直流扰动、实现正负序电压解耦分离的同时,优化对高频段谐波的抑制;然后,构建αβ锁相环(PLL)结构,基于小信号控制模型优化动态响应性能,提高锁相精度;最后,通过Matlab/Simulink仿真对比,证明了改进型锁相环控制策略的有效性。

Super-harmonic resonance characteristic of a rigid-rotor ball bearing system caused by a single local defect in outer raceway

The studies on dynamics of a fault bearing system are prevalent in recent years, however, we are studying a completely different frequency range than the one where the bearing faults are best seen. Considering a local defect on outer raceway,a two-degree-of-freedom analytical model of a rigid-rotor ball bearing system is established. Three pulse force models are introduced to simulate the local defect. The frequency domain method—harmonic balance method with alternating frequency/time domain technique (HB-AFT) is used to calculate the response in a large frequency range. By comparing the performance at different frequencies, the fault systems with different defect models and parameters reveal the super-harmonic resonances,and the reasons for this phenomenon are uncovered as well. Finally, the theoretical calculation is verified qualitatively by the experimental results, through comparing the frequency spectrums of the defective bearing rotor system to the fault-free one.Therefore, the super-harmonic resonances can be regarded as a dynamic feature. Besides, the obvious super-harmonic resonances indicate the magnification of the harmonics of the "characteristic defect frequency" for outer race in the corresponding speed regions, which may be helpful for the diagnosis of a rotor ball bearing system with a local defect.

Study of second-order nonlinear hyperpolarisability of all-trans-β-carotene in solutions by linear spectroscopic technique

This paper demonstrates the second-order nonlinear hyperpolarisability γ of all-trans-β-carotene in different solvents by linear spectroscopic technique that is based on resonance Raman scattering and UV-VIS （Ultraviolet-visible） absorption spectroscopy. Owing to the two-level model well describing the link that exists between the resonance Raman scattering and stimulated Raman scattering, the stimulated Raman polarisability αR can be calculated through the two-photon resonance system. The value of γ of all-trans-β-carotene in carbon bisulfide solution is 6.435×10^-33 esu （1 esu of resistance = 8.98755×10^11Ω） that is close to the true value, because the solution of all-trans-β-carotene in carbon bisulfide satisfies the rigid resonance Raman scattering condition. This method is expected to be worthy of applications to measure the second-order nonlinear hyperpolaxisability of a conjugate organic molecule.

早孕期超声联合中晚孕期MRI筛查胎儿前脑无裂畸形的价值

目的探讨早孕期超声联合中晚孕期MRI筛查胎儿前脑无裂畸形(HPE)的应用价值。资料与方法回顾性纳入2015年12月—2022年5月宁夏医科大学总医院早孕期超声、中晚孕期胎儿颅脑MRI诊断为HPE的69例胎儿,观察其颅脑结构在超声和MRI上的表现,并追踪妊娠过程及临床结局。结果早孕期超声及中晚孕期MRI检出HPE 69例,其中叶型20例,半叶型21例,无叶型28例。MRI表现:19例叶型表现为双侧脑室融合,1例额角形态失常,9例丘脑未正常分裂;8例半叶型表现为双侧脑室融合,侧脑室额角缺失,深部核团未正常分裂;1例无叶型表现为双侧脑室融合,深部核团显著融合。超声表现:1例叶型表现为脉络丛蝴蝶征消失;13例半叶型表现为脑中线部分显示不清,脉络丛蝴蝶征消失,丘脑部分融合;27例无叶型表现为脑中线显示不清,26例脉络丛蝴蝶征消失,20例丘脑融合。结论胎儿HPE在早孕期超声中表现为脉络丛蝴蝶征消失,在中晚孕期MRI中表现为双侧脑室融合。早孕期超声联合中晚孕期MRI可更有效地筛查胎儿HPE,提高HPE的产前检出率。

应用于两级式逆变的双有源串联谐振变换器二倍频波动抑制及控制参数设计

在两级式逆变器中,后级逆变器在带有单相或三相不平衡负载时会产生二倍频的瞬时功率波动,此二倍频波动会耦合进入前级直流变换器,造成前级双有源串联谐振变换器(dual active bridge series resonant converter,DBSRC)的交流谐振电流幅值出现较大的二倍频波动。考虑到DBSRC高阶模型较为复杂,提出简化的降阶一阶小信号模型。基于此简化模型,通过在电压闭环回路中串入二倍频陷波器,大范围地增加二倍频处的闭环输出阻抗,从而实现抑制前级的DBSRC的谐振电流波动。进一步,提出保证两级式逆变系统稳定的二倍频波动抑制的控制参数设计方法。最后,通过仿真和实验验证了所提出的简化降阶模型和控制系统参数设计的有效性和可行性。