Research on Network Security Level Protection Measurement Strategy in the Context of Cloud Platforms

Platforms facilitate information exchange,streamline resources,and reduce production and management costs for companies.However,some viral information may invade and steal company resources,or lead to information leakage.For this reason,this paper discusses the standards for cybersecurity protection,examines the current state of cybersecurity management and the risks faced by cloud platforms,expands the time and space for training on cloud platforms,and provides recommendations for measuring the level of cybersecurity protection within cloud platforms in order to build a solid foundation for them.

Lifetime measurement of the 3d^(9) ^(2)D_(3/2) metastable level in Mo^(15+)at an electron beam ion trap

An experimental measurement of the lifetime of 3d^(9) ^(2)D_(3/2) metastable level in Mo^(15+)is reported in this work.The Mo^(15+)ions are produced and trapped in an electron beam ion trap with a magnetic field of 0.65 T.The decay photons emitted from 3d^(9) ^(2)D_(3/2) level are subsequently recorded via a cooled photomultiplier tube.Through meticulous scrutiny of potential systematic uncertainties affecting the measurement outcomes,we have determined the lifetime of Mo^(15+)3d^(9)2D_(3/2)metastable level to be 2.83(22)ms.The experimental result provides a clear distinguishment from existing calculations based on various theoretical approaches.

Vibrations induced by tunnel boring machine in urban areas: In situ measurements and methodology of analysis

Excavation with tunnel boring machine(TBM)can generate vibrations,causing damages to neighbouring buildings and disturbing the residents or the equipment.This problem is particularly challenging in urban areas,where TBMs are increasingly large in diameter and shallow in depth.In response to this problem,four experimental campaigns were carried out in different geotechnical contexts in France.The vibration measurements were acquired on the surface and inside the TBMs.These measurements are also complemented by few data in the literature.An original methodology of signal processing is pro-posed to characterize the amplitude of the particle velocities,as well as the frequency content of the signals to highlight the most energetic bands.The levels of vibrations are also compared with the thresholds existing in various European regulations concerning the impact on neighbouring structures and the disturbance to local residents.

Image-based Water Level Measurement Method under Stained Ruler

This paper propoes the water level measuring method based on the image, while the ruler used to indicate the water level is stained. The contamination of the ruler weakens or eliminates many features which are required for the image processing. However, the feature of the color difference between the ruler and the water surface are firmer on the environmental change compare to the other features. As the color differeaces are embossed, only the region of the ruler is limited to eliminate the noise, and the average image is produced by using several continuous frames. A histogram is then produced on the height axis of the produced intensity average image. Local peaks and local valleys are detected, and the section between the peak and valley which have the greatest change is looked for. The valley point at this very moment is used to detect the water level. The detected water level is then converted to the actual water level by using the mapping table. The proposed method is compared to the ultrasonic based method to evaluate its accuracy and efficiency on the various contaminated environments.

Measurement invariance and latent mean differences of the Chinese version physical activity self-efficacy scale across gender and education levels

Background: Self-efficacy has been identified as an important determinant of youth's behavior change including physical activity(PA) participation. However, the dimensionality check of a PA self-efficacy scale has rarely been conducted in China. The current study aims to examine(1) the unidimensionality of a shortened Chinese version of PA self-efficacy scale(S-PASESC);(2) the measurement invariance of S-PASESC across gender and levels of education;(3) the latent factor mean difference between gender and levels of education;(4) the direct effects of self-efficacy on PA by different gender and education levels; and(5) the comparisons of the direct effects of self-efficacy on PA across gender and education levels.Methods: The participants were 5 th through 11 th grade public school students recruited from 7 cities located in different geographic regions of China. The final data include a total of 3003 participants(49.7% boys) who have completed the scales.Results: Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) test supported the unidimensionality of S-PASESC. The S-PASESC is invariant across gender and 3 levels of education at both configural, full metric, and full scalar levels. Findings from latent mean comparisons showed that boys reported higher PA self-efficacy than girls. Students' perceived PA self-efficacy tend to decrease from elementary to high school. Finally, self-efficacy positively related to PA by groups of different gender and education levels and the relationship between self-efficacy and PA is stronger among middle school boys than girls.Conclusion: Findings suggest S-PASESC is a valid scale for measuring Chinese students' PA self-efficacy.

Online dynamic measurement of saturation-capillary pressure relation in sandy medium under water level fluctuation

An online dynamic method based on electrical conductivity probe, tensiometer and datataker was presented to measure saturation-capillary pressure （S-p） relation in water-light nonaqueous phase liquid （LNAPL） two-phase sandy medium under water level fluctuation. Three-electrode electrical conductivity probe （ECP） was used to measure water saturation. Hydrophobic tensiometer was obtained by spraying waterproof material to the ceramic cup of commercially available hydrophilic tensiometer. A couple of hydrophilic tensiometer and hydrophobic tensiometer were used to measure pore water pressure and pore LNAPL pressure of the sandy medium, respectively. All the signals from ECP and tensiometer were collected by a data taker connected with a computer. The results show that this method can finish the measurement of S-R relation of a complete drainage or imbibition process in less than 60 min. It is much more timesaving compared with 10-40 d of traditional methods. Two cycles of water level fluctuation were produced, and four saturation-capillary pressure relations including two stable residual LNAPL saturations of the sandy medium were obtained during in 350 h. The results show that this method has a good durable performance and feasibility in the porous medium with complicated multiphase flow. Although further studies are needed on the signal stability and accuracy drift of the ECP, this online dynamic method can be used successfully in the rapid characterization of a LNAPL migration in porous media.

Liquid Level Measurement in Oil Tanks Based on Double-differential Pressure Technique

The system principle and configuration of the double differential pressure method for measuring oil tank level are presented. The fundamental method and circuit of fiber optic transmission are analyzed .The accuracy and security of level measurement in the oil tanks have been greatly improved.

Laser triangulation measurement of the level in a coal silo

Laser triangulation theory was used to develop a novel contact-free method for measuring the coal level in a silo under harsh environmental conditions found in coal mines, such as the presence of dense dust, high humidity, and low illumination. A laser source and a camera were mounted at the top of the silo. The laser spot projected into the silo was imaged by the camera. The pinhole imaging principle allows the level to be found from the lateral shift of the spot image on the sensor. A pre-calibrated look-up table of the coal depth versus spot position was used to obtain the depth. The measurement accuracy depends on the step size used during pre-calibration. The actual application of a device designed according to these principles shows that it is easy to implement. The detection of the coal level in a silo at the low illumination level found in coal mines is demonstrated.

Deep Levels in Undoped Semi-insulating Liquid Encapsulated Czochralski GaAs Detected by Photocurrent Measurement

Deep levels in undoped semi insulating (SI) liquid encapsulated czochralski (LEC) GaAs were investigated through measuring extrinsic photocurrent spectra at 300 K. Two broad photoresponse bands M 1 and M 2 were observed in the range of 0.40 ～ 0.70 eV and the range from about 0.80 eV to the bandgap energy, respectively. It was shown that M 2 band is related to the photoionization of the deep defect EL2. M 1 band, which is reported for the first time, reveals several characteristic structures including five peaks at 0.46, 0.49, 0.56, 0.65 and 0.69 eV, respectively. The relative magnitudes of these peaks vary from sample to sample and are related to the thermal histories of the samples. These peaks are likely due to different deep levels.

Confidence Level Based on Ridge Estimator in Process Measurement and Its Application

Ordinary least squares(OLS) algorithm is widely applied in process measurement, because the sensor model used to estimate unknown parameters can be approximated through multivariate linear model. However, with few or noisy data or multi-collinearity, unbiased OLS leads to large variance. Biased estimators, especially ridge estimator, have been introduced to improve OLS by trading bias for variance. Ridge estimator is feasible as an estimator with smaller variance. At the same confidence level, with additive noise as the normal random variable, the less variance one estimator has, the shorter the two-sided symmetric confidence interval is. However, this finding is limited to the unbiased estimator and few studies analyze and compare the confidence levels between ridge estimator and OLS. This paper derives the matrix of ridge parameters under necessary and sufficient conditions based on which ridge estimator is superior to OLS in terms of mean squares error matrix, rather than mean squares error.Then the confidence levels between ridge estimator and OLS are compared under the condition of OLS fixed symmetric confidence interval, rather than the criteria for evaluating the validity of different unbiased estimators. We conclude that the confidence level of ridge estimator can not be directly compared with that of OLS based on the criteria available for unbiased estimators, which is verified by a simulation and a laboratory scale experiment on a single parameter measurement.

Measurement of Deep Energy Level in InP: Fe by the Method of OTCS

We have measured the deep energy level of the InP: Fe which is semi -insulator through the method of OTCS. The effect of light intensity on OTCS measurement is mainly discussed. There are electron trap of E_T =0.34 eV and hole trap of E_T = 1.13 eV in InP: Fe under the strong light and low temperature. The location of the OTCS peak of electron trap (E_T = 0.34 eV) moves towards the direction of high temperaturer, when the light intensity was increased, E_T is different under different light intensity. It is corrected in terms of theory that the stuff ratio of the deep energy level is affected by the light intensity. The experiments show that the error is decreased greatly with the correction.

Development of timer based on liquid level measurement system

This paper describes the design and development of the timer based on liquid level measurement system in which timer 555 is used in astable mode. The capacitor charging time i. e. the ON time pulse width of the timer output waveform which is measured using a digital storage oscillator （DSO）,is linearly proportional to the capacitance of a co-axial cylindrical capacitive transducer, and this capacitance once again linearly varies with the change in liquid level. Hence, we obtain a linear relationship between the liquid level and the capacitor charging time. The main advantages of this developed system are linear input-output relationship, small in size, easily portable, cost effective, and independent on the ambient temperature effect. The system can also be exploited to measure dielectric constant of liquid or solid in various process industries.

Limits of Level 3 Fair Value Measurement： Based on Conceptual Framework

The IASB stated that in the review of the conceptual framework, if measurement uncertainty is very high, a measurement basis different from fair value may provide more appropriate information. Level 3 fair value measurements are inappropriate for areas （called ＂Level 4＂ by the author） in which models are not formulated and that have material uncertainty in measurement. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate ＂measurement uncertainty＂, which impacts ＂faithful representation＂ in fair value measurement, from the perspective of ＂verifiability＂. To do so, it will employ a conceptual examination of the limits of Level 3 fair value measurement based on IFRS 13 （Fair Value Measurement）. While taking into consideration recent discussions on reviewing conceptual framework, the author will reorganize the conceptual categories of verifiability （i.e., clarification of the ＂reasonable verifiability＂ categories） to underpin the fact that material uncertainties in measurement have obstructed constructing faithful representation. In addition, the author will discuss the problem that the dichotomy of direct and indirect found in IASB is not accurate enough to fully understand the concept of verifiability. In this context, the author will also suggest that the concept of verifiability, reorganized through ＂reasonable verifiability＂, can satisfy the requirements for constructing faithful representation.

Integrated importance measure for multi-state coherent systems of k level

To verify the effectiveness of the integrated importance measure （IIM） for multi-state coherent systems of k level, the definition and physical meaning of IIM are demonstrated. Then, the improvement potential and Δ-importance measures are generalized to multi-state coherent systems based on the system performance level, and the relationships between IIM and traditional importance measures are discussed. The characteristics of IIM are demonstrated in both series and parallel systems. Also, an application to an oil transportation system is given. The comparison results show that： （i） IIM has some useful properties that are not possessed by traditional importance measures; （ii） IIM is effective in evaluating the component role in multi-state systems when the component reliability and the failure rate are simultaneously considered.

Determination of gross α and β activities in Zouma River based on online HPGe gamma measurement system

This paper describes a low-cost and fast method to evaluate gross α and β^(-) radioactivities in natural water based on an online high-purity germanium detector gamma measurement system.The major gamma activities in natural water are provided by natural and artificial radionuclides such as ^(40) K,^(137)Cs,and radionuclides belonging to ^(238)U and ^(232)Th series.The main a emitters related to gamma emissions in natural water are ^(224)Ra(240.98 keV)and ^(226)Ra(186.21 keV),and the β^(-) emitters are ^(40) K(1460.85 keV),^(214)Bi(609.31 keV),^(208)Tl(583.19 keV),and ^(214)Pb(351.93 keV).The formula for gross α and β^(-) activity concentration is based on these radionuclides,and the short half-life decay products are considered in the calculation.The detection efficiency of the device across energy region(0–3 MeV)is obtained through Monte Carlo simulation,and a calibration experiment is conducted to verify the simulation results.Gamma radioactivity is measured continuously for 114 d in Pixian County and Dongfeng Canal located in the Zouma River,Chengdu,Sichuan Province,China.A comparison of the calculation results and monitoring data from the Sichuan Management and Monitoring Center Station of Radioactive Environment indicates that the percentage and absolute error of a activity concentration is lower than 53%and 0.02 Bq/L,respectively,and that of β-activity concentration is lower than 33.2%and 0.016 Bq/L,respectively.The method can rapidly determine gross α and β^(-) activity concentrations in natural water online.

Evaluation of the sustainable development level of countries along the Belt and Road and its impact factors:Empirical analysis based on the Super-efficiency slacks-based measure and Tobit measure models

Sustainable development is an important component of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and is of great significance for evaluating the levels of sustainable development of countries along this route(henceforth,BRI countries).Therefore,this study aims to identify the factors that influence the levels of sustainable development of BRI countries in a reasonable and objective manner.Eventually,this study employs the super efficiency slacks-based measure(Super-SBM)model,which considers unexpected outputs to measure the level of sustainable development of BRI countries.The dynamic change and composition of the sustainable development level of these countries are calculated using the global Malmquist-Luenberger index.Furthermore,the Tobit model is used to identify the factors influencing the level of sustainable development of BRI countries in general and in various categories.The empirical results suggest the following points.(a)The overall level of sustainable development of BRI countries is low,whereas those of high-income and middle-and high-income countries are relatively high.(b)The overall sustainable development levels of BRI countries declined to a certain extent in 2008 owing to the effect of the financial crisis,.However,the sustainable development level of other countries,barring low-income countries,has gradually increased since 2011.(c)Since 2008,technological progress has replaced technical efficiency as the main driving force behind the improvement of the sustainable development level of BRI countries.(d)A U-shaped relationship is observed between the economic and sustainable development levels of these countries.(e)The level of science and technology and the proportion of renewable energy consumption can promote the sustainable development of these countries.Moreover,a negative correlation exists between the level of opening to the outside world and that of sustainable development of countries that mainly export resource-based products and are dominated by labor-intensive export industries.Barring low-income countries,the energy structure plays an effective role in improving the level of sustainable development.Finally,the study presents suggestions for China in the process of coping with the sustainable development of relevant countries during its promotion of the BRI.

Assessment of Indoor and Outdoor Noise Pollution at a University Hospital Based on Acoustic Measurements and Noise Mapping

This paper describes an analysis of the sound pressure levels at the exterior façade and inside the Hospital de Clínicas of the Federal University of Paraná. Measurements were taken at a total of 45 points, 24 at the exterior facade and 21 points inside the hospital on all the floors of the main building and in the maternity building. These 45 measurements were used to calculate the acoustic map of the hospital, which is located on General Carneiro Street, in the city of Curitiba, state of Paraná, Brazil. A comparison of the measured outdoor sound pressure levels against those established by Curitiba Municipal Law No. 10625 revealed that they all exceeded the daytime limit of 55 dB(A) permitted for areas around hospitals. The indoor sound pressure measurements and the noise levels for acoustic comfort established by the Brazilian technical standard ABNT NBR 10152 were compared, indicating that all the measured points, including those in the neonatal intensive care unit, exceeded the established limit of 35 dB(A) to 45 dB(A).

Design of the Measuring Instrument to the liquid level Based on MSP430 SCM

This paper introduced the components, principle and the hardware and software design of the multiplexing measuring and control instrument to the liquid level that is based on MSP430 SCM. This system is made of pressure sensor, signal processing circuit, electromagnetic valve, output driving circuit, Chinese character LCD, keyboard, optic alarm circuit and MSP430MCU, and realized Liquid level automatic monitor, out range alarm and online function.

New Measuring Method for Colorless Liquid Level Based on CLC100 Level Sensor and Powercast Wireless Sensor Kit

In this paper, a new wireless measuring method for colorless liquid level measurement was presented, based on latest CLC100 liquid level sensor and Powercast wireless sensor development kit. The wireless system is divided into two parts, level measurement and data transmission part as well as data receiving and display part. First part included the capacitive liquid level sensor CLC100 and the wireless senor board. CLC100 sensor was used for liquid level measurement. Wireless sensor kit from Powercast Corporation included one wireless sensor board, which was used for signal transmission. A built-in PIC microcontroller was embedded in the transmission module, for the purpose of processing and data transmitting. Due to CLC100 sensor’s output voltage exceeding the sensor board’s input limitation, a voltage convertor was designed to connect the sensor and the wireless sensor board. The final results were voltages corresponding to the liquid level, and were processed by an independent PIC development board, and then sent to PC’s hyper terminal via serial-port by this PIC microcontroller. Experiments showed that this wireless sensor node prototype worked well.

Influence of selective atomic measurement on the entanglement properties of a two-atom outside cavity

Considering three two-level atoms initially in the W or Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger （GHZ） state, one of the three atoms is put into an initially coherent light cavity and made to resonantly interact with the cavity. The twoatom entanglement evolution outside the cavity is investigated. The influences of state-selective measurement of the atom inside the cavity and strength of the light field on the two-atom entanglement evolution outside the cavity are discussed. The results obtained from the numerical method show that the two-atom entanglement outside the cavity is strengthened through state-selective measurement of the atom inside the cavity. In addition, the strength of the light field also influences the two-atom entanglement properties.