Repair of Second-Generation Recycled Fine Aggregate of Waste Concrete from Freeze-Thaw Environment by Carbonation Treatment

The reuse of waste recycled concrete from harsh environments has become a research hotspot in the field of construction.This study investigated the repair effect of carbonation treatment on second-generation recycled fine aggregate(SRFA)obtained from recycled fine aggregate concrete(RFAC)subjected to freeze-thaw(FT)cycles.Before and after carbonation,the properties of SRFA were evaluated.Carbonated second-generation recycled fine aggregate(CSRFA)at five substitution rates(0%,25%,50%,75%,100%)to replace SRFA was used to prepare carbonated second-generation recycled fine aggregate concrete(CSRFAC).The water absorption,porosity and mechanical properties of CSRFAC were tested,and its frost-resisting durability was evaluated.The results showed after carbonation treatment,the physical properties of SRFA was improved and met the requirements of II aggregate.The micro-hardness of the interfacial transition zone and attached mortar in CSRFA was 50.5%and 31.2%higher than that in SRFA,respectively.With the increase of CSRFA replacement rate,the water absorption and porosity of CSRFAC gradually decreased,and the mechanical properties and frost resistance of CSRFAC were gradually improved.Carbonation treatment effectively repairs the damage of SRFA caused by FT cycles and improves its application potential.

Effect of High Temperature Curing on the Frost Resistance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete and the Physical Properties of Second-Generation Recycled Coarse Aggregate under Freeze-Thaw Cycles

With the emphasis on environmental issues,the recycling of waste concrete,even recycled concrete,has become a hot spot in the field of architecture.But the repeated recycling of waste concrete used in harsh environments is still a complex problem.This paper discusses the durability and recyclability of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)as a prefabricated material in the harsh environment,the effect of high-temperature curing(60℃,80℃,and 100℃)on the frost resistance of RAC and physical properties of the second generation recycled coarse aggregate(RCA_(2))of RAC after 300 freeze-thaw cycles were studied.The frost resistance of RAC was characterized by compressive strength,relative dynamic elastic modulus,and mass loss.As the physical properties of RCA_(2),the apparent density,water absorption,and crushing value were measured.And the SEM images of RAC after 300 freeze-thaw cycles were shown.The results indicated that the frost resistance of RAC cured at 80℃ for 7 days was comparable to that cured in the standard condition(cured for 28 days at 20℃±2℃ and 95%humidity),and the RAC cured at 100℃ was slightly worse.However,the frost resistance of RAC cured at 60℃ deteriorated seriously.The RAC cured at 80℃ for 7 days is the best.Whether after the freeze-thaw cycle or not,the RCA that curd at 60℃,80℃,and 100℃ for 7 days can also meet the requirements of Grade III RCA and be used as the aggregate of non-bearing part of prefabricated concrete components.RCA_(2) which is cured at 80℃ for 7 days had the best physical properties.

The Second-generation Wavelet Transform and its Application in Denoising of Seismic Data

This paper discusses the principle and procedures of the second-generation wavelet transform and its application to the denoising of seismic data. Based on lifting steps, it is a flexible wavelet construction method using linear and nonlinear spatial prediction and operators to implement the wavelet transform and to make it reversible. The lifting scheme transform -includes three steps： split, predict, and update. Deslauriers-Dubuc （4, 2） wavelet transforms are used to process both synthetic and real data in our second-generation wavelet transform. The processing results show that random noise is effectively suppressed and the signal to noise ratio improves remarkably. The lifting wavelet transform is an efficient algorithm.

Second-generation wavelet finite element based on the lifting scheme for GPR simulation

Ground-penetrating radar(GPR)is a highly efficient,fast and non-destructive exploration method for shallow surfaces.High-precision numerical simulation method is employed to improve the interpretation precision of detection.Second-generation wavelet finite element is introduced into the forward modeling of the GPR.As the finite element basis function,the second-generation wavelet scaling function constructed by the scheme is characterized as having multiple scales and resolutions.The function can change the analytical scale arbitrarily according to actual needs.We can adopt a small analysis scale at a large gradient to improve the precision of analysis while adopting a large analytical scale at a small gradient to improve the efficiency of analysis.This approach is beneficial to capture the local mutation characteristics of the solution and improve the resolution without changing mesh subdivision to realize the efficient solution of the forward GPR problem.The algorithm is applied to the numerical simulation of line current radiation source and tunnel non-dense lining model with analytical solutions.Result show that the solution results of the secondgeneration wavelet finite element are in agreement with the analytical solutions and the conventional finite element solutions,thereby verifying the accuracy of the second-generation wavelet finite element algorithm.Furthermore,the second-generation wavelet finite element algorithm can change the analysis scale arbitrarily according to the actual problem without subdividing grids again.The adaptive algorithm is superior to traditional scheme in grid refinement and basis function order increase,which makes this algorithm suitable for solving complex GPR forward-modeling problems with large gradient and singularity.

Alternating-current losses in two-layer superconducting cables consisting of second-generation superconductors coated by U-shaped ferromagnetic materials

Alternating-current losses in a two-layer superconducting cable, each layer being composed of 15 closely-spaced rectangular wires made up of second-generation superconductors when the ends of wires are coated by either a non-magnetic or strong ferromagnetic material having a U profile is numerically investigated. Computations are carried out through the finite-element method. The alternating-current losses do not increase significantly if the relative permeability of the coating is increased three orders of magnitude, provided that the current amplitude is less than half of the critical current in a superconducting wire. However, the losses are much higher for ferromagnetic coating if the amplitude of the applied current oscillating at 50 Hz is close to the critical current. The ferromagnetic coating is seen to accumulate the magnetic field lines normally on its surfaces, while the field lines are parallel to the long axes of the wires, leading to more significant flux penetration in the coated regions. This facilitates a uniform low-loss current flow in the uncoated regions of the wires. In contrast, coating with a non-magnetic material gives rise to a considerably smaller current flow in the uncoated regions, whereas the low-loss flow is maintained in the coated regions. Moreover, the current flows in opposite directions in the coated and uncoated regions, where the direction in each region is converse for the two materials.

Mutagenic Effects of Spaceflight Treatment on the Second-Generation Seeds of Alfalfa

[ Objective] To explore the effects of spaceflight on the second-generation seeds of alfalfa and provide a theoretical basis for mutation breeding. [Method] The seeds of Medicago stavia L. lines no. 1, no. 2 and no. 4 were carried into space by the Shijian-8 seed breeding satellite for a 15-d spaceflight treatment. After returning to the ground, seedlings were transplanted to field. Traits of the second-generation seeds of alfalfa were evaluated. [Result] The 1 000-grain weight of the second-generation seeds were 5% -9% significantly higher than that the control （P 〈 0.05）. The germination rate, seedling weight, shoot length and root length were significantly increased （P 〈 0.05）. The hard seed rate and the rate of moldy seeds were significantly decreased （ P 〈 0.05）. However, the rate of dead seeds was increased. [ Conclusion] Spaceflight treatment has positive mutagenic effects on the second-generation seeds of alfalfa.

Role of Second-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents and Bypass Grafting in Coronary Artery Disease:A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:The safety and efficacy of coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG)and second-generation drug-eluting stents(DESs)in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD)remain controversial.Therefore we aimed to compare the outcomes of CAD patients treated with CABG and second-generation DESs.Methods:We systematically searched the PubMed,Cochrane Library,Ovid,and Elsevier databases.Studies comparing second-generation DESs with CABG in CAD patients were included.RevMan 5.3 was used to extract and pool the data from the applicable studies.Results:Six trials(N=6604 participants)were included in this meta-analysis.Among all of the CAD patients,second-generation DESs were associated with no differences in the risks of all-cause death[risk ratio(RR)1.18,95% confi dence interval(CI)0.98–1.43,P=0.09],cardiovascular death(RR 1.14,95% CI 0.81–1.59,P=0.45),myocardial infarction(RR 1.22,95% CI 0.98–1.54,P=0.08),and stroke(RR 0.83,95% CI 0.59–1.17,P=0.29),but increased the risks of revascularization(RR 1.95,95% CI 1.66–2.30,P<0.001)and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events(RR 1.72,95% CI:1.31–2.26,P<0.001)when compared with CABG.Conclusions:In the treatment of CAD patients,second-generation DESs was not associated with increased risks of all-cause death,cardiovascular death,myocardial infarction,and stroke,but increased the risks of revascularization and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events when compared with CABG.

Thirty years of scientific research on second-generation antipsychotic drugs in Japan: A bibliometric analysis

Aims:Research on second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) has experienced great development in last decades.We did a bibliometric study on the scientific publications on SGAs in Japan.Methods: With theEMBASEandMEDLINEdatabases, we chose papers published from Japan with SGA descriptors. Price’s law and Bradford’s law has been used as bibliometric indicators for quantitating production and dispersion, respectively, of published papers on SGAs. We also calculated the participation index of different countries, and correlated those bibliometric data with some social and health data from Japan (such as totalper capitaexpenditure on health and gross domestic expenditure on research and development). Results: A sum of 669 original documents were published from Japan from 1982 to 2011. Those results fulfilled Price’s law, with scientific production on SGAs showing exponential growth (correlation coefficientr= 0.9261, as against anr= 0.8709 after linear adjustment). The most studied SGAs in Japan wererisperidone (n= 192), aripiprazole (n= 109), and olanzapine (n= 106). Division of documents into Bradford zones yielded a nucleus occupied exclusively by theProgress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry(49 articles). Those publications were in 157 different journals. Seven of the first 10 frequently used journals had an impact factor of being greater than 3. Conclusions: The SGA publications in Japan have been through exponential growth over the studied period, without evidence of reaching a saturation point.

Long-term Outcomes of Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Second-generation Drug-eluting Stents in ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Caused by Very Late Stent Thrombosis

Background： The ST-segment elevation myocardial inthrction （STEMI） patients due to stent thrombosis （ST） remain a therapeutic challenge for a clinician. Till date, very few researches have been conducted regarding the safety and effectiveness of primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） with second-generation drug-eluting stents （DES） for STEMI caused by very late ST （VLST）. This retrospective study evaluated the safety, efficacy, and outcomes of primary PCI with second-generation DES for STEM1 due to VLST compared with primary PCI for STEM1 due to de novo lesion. Methods： Between January 2007 and December 2013, STEMI patients with primary PCI in Fuwai Hospital had only second-generation DES implanted for de novo lesion （558 patients） and VLST （50 patients） were included in this retrospective study. The primary end points included cardiac death and reinfarction. The secondary end points included cardiac death, reinfarction, and target lesion revascularization. Continuous variables were expressed as mean （standard deviation） or median （interquartile range） and compared by Student＇s t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test as appropriate. Categorical variables were expressed as counts and percentages, and comparison of these variables was performed with Chi-square or Fisher＇s exact test. A two-tailed value of P 〈 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all comparisons. Statistical analyses were performed by SAS software （version 9.4, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, USA） for Windows. Results： In-hospital primary end point and the secondary end point were no significant differences between two groups （P = 1.000 and P = 1.000, respectively）. No significant differences between two groups were observed according to the long-term primary end point and the secondary end point. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed no significant difference between the two groups in the primary end point and the secondary end point at 2 years （P- 0.340 and P = 0,243, respectively）. According to Cox analysis, female, intra-aortic balloon pump support, and postprocedural thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow 3 were found to be independent predictors fbr long-term follow-up. Conclusion： Primary PCI with second-generation DES is a reasonable choice for STEMI patients caused by VLST.

Systematic Synthesis on Pathological Models of CCCII and Modified CCCII

According to the equivalent view for the terminal current-voltage constraint relationship between pathological elements and the various second-generation current-controlled convegors （CCCIIs）, four patholo- gical models for the CCCII are first derived by means of the nodal admittance matrix expansion in this paper. Moreover, 48 new pathological models for the modified CCCII are also synthesized. The derived pathological models for the various CCCIIs are expected to be useful in circuit analysis and synthesis.

De-Noising Stochastic Noise in FOG Based on Second-Generation DB4 Wavelet and SURE-Threshold

An effective de-noising method for fiber optic gyroscopes （FOGs） is proposed. This method is based on second-generation Daubechies D4 （DB4） wavelet transform （WT） and level-dependent threshold estimator called Stein＇s unbiased risk estimator （SURE）. The whole approach consists of three critical parts： wavelet decomposition module, parameters estimation module and SURE de-noising module. First, DB4 wavelet is selected as lifting base of the second-generation wavelet in the decomposition module. Second, in the parameters estimation module, maximum likelihood estimation （MLE） is used for stochastic noise parameters estimation. Third, combined with soft threshold de-noising technique, the SURE de-noising module is designed. For comparison, both the traditional universal threshold wavelet and the second-generation Harr wavelet method are also investigated. The experiment results show that the computation cost is 40% less than that of the traditional wavelet method. The standard deviation of de-noised FOG signal is 0.012 and the three noise terms such as angle random walk, bias instability and quantization noise are reduced to 0.007 2°/√h, 0.004 1° / h, and 0.008 1°, respectively.

Progress of the satellite laser ranging system TROS1000

The mobile satellite laser ranging system TROS1000, successfully developed in 2010, achieves a high repetition rate and enables daytime laser ranging. Its measurement range has reached up to 36000 km with an accuracy as precise as 1 cm. Using recent observations in Wuhan, Jiufeng, Xianning, and Rongcheng, Shandong, we introduce the progress made using this mobile observation system.

Lactate dehydrogenase:An important molecule involved in acetamizuril action against Eimeria tenella

Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),a vital enzyme in anaerobic glycolysis,is closely associated with the survival of parasites.Previous studies of some parasites have shown that LDH exhibits unique physicochemical properties and molecular structures and may be an ideal potential target for diagnosis and drug screening.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effects of acetamizuril,a novel anticoccidial compound,on LDH in the second-generation merozoites of Eimeria tenella(mz-LDH).Quantitative real-time PCR,Western blot,immunofluorescence and enzyme activity assays were each applied to detect the changes of mz-LDH.Our results indicated that the mRNA and protein levels of mz-LDH were reduced upon acetamizuril treatment.Immunolocalization of mz-LDH demonstrated that considerable amount of mz-LDH was distributed around or in the nuclei of second-generation merozoites within the untreated group;in contrast,the acetamizuril-treated group had very low level of mz-LDH.Meanwhile,LDH enzyme activity assay suggested that a decreased LDH enzyme activity in both cytoplasm and nucleus of merozoites in the acetamizuril-treated group.Moreover,the induced apoptosis in second-generation merozoites by the acetamizuril was evaluated by detecting caspase 3 activity,and acetamizuril was found to significantly increase caspase 3 activity.The above findings show that LDH may play an important role in the mediating the activity of acetamizuril against coccidiosis,and further investigation into this aspect might contribute to new light on the pathogenesis of E.tenella during its interaction with acetamizuril.

Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Risk among Mentally Ill Patients

Patients with serious mental illness have an increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in comparison to the general population. Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes, hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia. It is potentially reversible and may explain the higher incidence of cardiovascular disease in patients with serious mental illness. The aim of the study is to see the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among mentally ill patients and what might be the underlying the cause behind the scene A descriptive, retrospective study was conducted at mental health clinic, Batticaloa, Teaching Hospital (BTH), Sri Lanka. The data were collected over a period of two months from 15th of October to 15th of December 2017. Data were harvested from the medical records. Total 55 mentally ill patient’s medical records were analyzed for this study. Out of 55, females were 30 (54.5%) and males were 25 (45.5%). Furthermore, 30 (54.5%) patients had an evidence of metabolic syndrome. The association of metabolic syndrome among male and female was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In this study, metabolic syndrome is more prevalent among, patient with trifluoperazine (70%) drug group, risperidone (66.6%) and olanzapine (53.12%).

Rapid Tranquillisation: An AGREEable Ground?

Objective: Evidence base for rapid tranquillisation is an under researched area. Guidelines on rapid tranquilisation from English speaking countries were appraised using AGREE (Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation) and differences in their recommendations were analysed. Methods: Four independent psychiatrists appraised the guidelines using the AGREE tool. AGREE is a validated instrument used to assess the quality of guideline and recommendations using six domains of which each domain captures a specific aspect of the guideline development. The content was analysed manually. Results: Seven guidelines from five English speaking countries met the inclusion criteria. All the guidelines scored well on the domain of “scope and purpose”. NICE guidelines from the UK consistently scored well on all domains with the maximum possible score of 100 on the “applicability” domain. APA from the USA did well on the domain of “editorial independence”. AGREE could only examine the guideline development process and not the content. The guidelines differed in their recommendations of choice of drug for rapid tranquillisation. Discussion: All guidelines scored reasonably well on AGREE. National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) has used robust strategies in developing the guidelines. Guidelines failed to achieve consensus in recommendations despite using a common pool of evidence. Haloperidol-promethazine combination is not recommended by any with the exception of NICE. This suggests data is selectively interpreted depending on locally prevalent customs.

A Comprehensive Transcriptome Assembly of Pigeonpea （Cajanus cajan L.） using Sanger and Second-Generation Sequencing Platforms

A comprehensive transcriptome assembly for pigeonpea has been developed by analyzing 128.9 million short Illumina GA IIx single end reads, 2.19 million single end FLX/454 reads, and 18 353 Sanger expressed sequenced tags from more than 16 genotypes. The resultant transcriptome assembly, referred to as CcTA v2, comprised 21 434 transcript as- sembly contigs （TACs） with an N50 of 1510 bp, the largest one being -8 kb. Of the 21 434 TACs, 16 622 （77.5%） could be mapped on to the soybean genome build 1.0.9 under fairly stringent alignment parameters. Based on knowledge of intron junctions, 10 009 primer pairs were designed from 5033 TACs for amplifying intron spanning regions （ISRs）. By using in silico mapping of BAC-end-derived SSR loci of pigeonpea on the soybean genome as a reference, putative mapping posi- tions at the chromosome level were predicted for 6284 ISR markers, covering all 11 pigeonpea chromosomes. A subset of 128 ISR markers were analyzed on a set of eight genotypes. While 116 markers were validated, 70 markers showed one to three alleles, with an average of 0.16 polymorphism information content （PIC） value. In summary, the CcTA v2 transcript assembly and ISR markers will serve as a useful resource to accelerate genetic research and breeding applications in pigeonpea.

Low Input and High Output Impedances Current-Mode First-Order Allpass Filter Employing Grounded Passive Components

A current-mode low input and high output impedances first-order allpass filter using two multiple output second-generation current conveyors (MOCCIIs), one grounded capacitor and one grounded resistor is presented. The suggested filter uses a canonical number of passive components without requiring any component matching condition. The frequency responses simulation results of the proposed filter confirm the theoretical analysis.

Optimization of sugar production from Durian seeds via alkaline hydrolysis for second-generation bioethanol production

As one way to eliminate the issues found in the preceding generation,feedstock exploration in second-generation bioethanol production remains an issue,especially for a tropical country such as Indonesia.From exotic fruit by-products,durian holds a promising perspective that rests on its abundance,superb carbohydrate content and limited usage until now.This work presents the first-ever utilization of durian seeds for sugar production under optimized conditions through alkaline hydrolysis.A simple form of sugar was extracted by varying four parameters,namely substrate loading,NaOH concentration,hydrolysis time and hydrolysis temperature.Response surface methodology based on the Box-Behnken design was employed to outline the most optimum parameter values.Analysis of variance revealed that the quadratic model fit the data appropriately with the order of significance as substrate loading>hydrolysis time>NaOH concentration>hydrolysis temperature.The optimized conditions for reducing sugar yield,as high as 2.140 g/L,corresponded to<50 g/L substrate loading,0.522 M NaOH,60 minutes of hydrolysis time and 80oC hydrolysis temperature.The possible ethanol content of 1.094 g/L was also expected under optimized conditions,demonstrating great potential in second-generation bioethanol production.

Long-term Outcomes after Second-Generation Cryoballoon Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation and Analysis of Risk Factors Related to Recurrence

Objective:This study is aimed to analyze the long-term safety and effectiveness of second-generation cryoballoon(CB2)ablation in the treatment of atrial fibrillation(AF).Methods:Data from 760 consecutive patients in the Department of Cardiology,General Hospital of Northern Theater Command from August 2016 to December 2018 with drug-refractory symptomatic AF undergoing pulmonary vein isolation(PVI)using CB2 were assessed.Procedure-related safety and freedom from AF and atrial flutter/atria tachycardia through 3 years were determined.The risk factors related to atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence were analyzed.Results:Acute PVI was achieved in 100%of the 760 patients.Radiofrequency application for additional focal ablation was needed in 11(1.4%)patients and for 14 pulmonary veins(0.5%,14/(760×4))to achieve PVI.A total of 748 patients,including 539 with paroxysmal AF(PAF)and 209 with persistent AF(SAF)completed the follow-up,and only 12(1.6%)patients were lost.The mean follow-up duration was(19±8)months.The rate of major complications was 0.9%,including 0.8%of right phrenic nerve injury,which resolved before discharge.Freedom from all tachyarrhythmias was achieved in 75.0%,69.4%,and 63.2%of patients with PAF,respectively,at 12-,24-,and 36-month follow-up,and in 75.1%,67.4%,and 60.9%for SAF,with no significant differences between the PAF and SAF groups.AF course and the rate of body weight gain were independent risk factors for recurrence at 12 months after ablation(P=0.001 and P=0.009,respectively).Conclusion:PVI using CB2 has a high acute success rate and good safety in the treatment of PAF and SAF.Long course of AF and weight gain after ablation were independent risk factors for recurrence.

Development of two different pharmacogenomics detection methods for second-generation antipsychotic drugs quetiapine and aripiprazole

Objective:Second-generation antipsychotics are widely used in mental illness,but the treatment effects and side effects are affected by single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of related genes.Quetiapine and aripiprazole are two frequently used secondgeneration antipsychotic drugs.The aim of this study was to develop two different SNP detection methods for four SNP alleles associated with the pharmacokinetics of quetiapine and aripiprazole,based on high-resolution melting(HRM)and multicolor melting curve assay(MMCA)respectively.Methods:Whole genome DNA samples were obtained from 240 healthy people(107 females and 133 males)without genetic diseases.HRM methods were established using four kinds of specific primers and a saturated fluorescent dye.Each SNP allele with their own primers was detected in a single reaction.In the MMCA method,a multiplex polymerase chain reaction with 4 different-colored fluorescent probes was established to detect four SNP alleles in a single reaction.All experimental protocols were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Shanghai Children’s Medical Center,China(SCMC-201015)on November 22,2010.Results:Two detection methods for the pharmacogenomics of quetiapine and aripiprazole,based on HRM and MMCA respectively,were established in this study.The single-target HRM method can be completed in 96 minutes,whereas the quadruplex MMCA method takes 133 minutes.It was found that the results of HRM and MMCA for the four SNP alleles had 100%coincidence with Sanger sequencing in the 240 samples.Conclusion:This study developed two methods for the detection of four pharmacogenomic SNP alleles that correlated with quetiapine and aripiprazole.Both methods are rapid,cost-saving,highly accurate and potentially facilitate rational use of second-generation antipsychotics for clinical medication.