Metropolitan Housing Development in Urban Fringe Areas-A Case Study of Three Metropolitan Cities of South Africa: Johannesburg, Ekurhuleni and Tshwane

Purpose:The metropolitan cities of Johannesburg,Ekurhuleni and Tshwane play an important role in the economy of the Gauteng province in South Africa.The region constitutes to 22.4 percent of the total population of South Africa and has a strong presence and contributes in areas of manufacturing sector,financial and business services,retail and wholesale trade,etc.The rapid urban population,increase in the informal settlements and socio-economic opportunities has resulted in considerable urban sprawl in and around the urban fringe areas of these metropolitan cities.The urban fringe areas of these metros often come under the influence of rapid urbanization process and pressures.Coupled with the economical and potential land dynamics and lack of priority of spatial development guidelines,these areas attract rapid and haphazard development from communities and developers.Research Design/Methodology:This research is based on a qualitative approach through a comprehensive literature review that included content analysis of key documents on housing sector such as IDPs(Integrated Development Plans),Municipal Annual Reports,Growth Development Strategies,and among other sectoral documents on housing sector.Some of the key priority issues considered in the housing sector included:eradication of housing backlogs,spatial restructuring of housing,provision of choice in terms of location,tenure and housing typology.Findings:The current paper discusses the approaches of metropolitan housing development processes in three metropolitan cities of South Africa from Gauteng region,namely:Johannesburg,Ekurhuleni and Tshwane.The paper discusses the existing housing sectoral scenario along with the fringe areas in three cities with focus on:formal and informal settlements,housing segregation and the backlogs,current institutional arrangements,role of public private participation,and scope for alternate mechanisms.The paper concludes in discussion on sustainable development options for housing development in urban fringe areas.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Second-hand Housing Prices in Beijing based on Hierarchical Linear Model

In recent years,housing prices have attracted widespread attention,and the fluctuation of housing prices is due to a combination of many factors.In addition to the characteristics of the house itself,the price of a house is also affected by other factors,such as the community in which the house is located.This article used Beijing’s 2017 second-hand housing transaction data (based on second-hand housing transaction records on Lianjia.com),introduced a hierarchical linear model,and employed Stata software to analyze from different levels.It is intended to find the correlation between housing prices and different levels of characteristics,so to pin down the factors that affect prices of the second-hand housing.

Report of Informal Housing Policy in India

Informal housing can be broadly defined into two types:first,those in which occupants illegally occupy a certain area of a residential location and build a dwelling on the land;second,housing or residential areas which do not meet the master plan or building regulations.This report describes and evaluates the infomal housing policies in India,introducing the improvement of the living standards brought on by these policies to the low-income residents of Chennai,while the case of Kannagi Nagar will be used to analyse the adverse effects of said policies.

HOUSE EXTRACTION WITH MULTIRESOLUTION ANALYSIS AND INFORMATION FUSION

Houses are key elements both in aerial photographs and maps.Their extraction has significance not only to military,but also to automatical rela-tive orientation,automatical absolute orientation,feature-based matching,sys-tematic description,automatic data aquisition,structure analysis,image under-standing,digital mapping,and construction of urban geographic information sys-tem（UGIS）.For this purpose,this paper mainly addresses:（1）a brief introduc-tion to the multiresolution analysis of wavelet theory and its difference formLaplacian pyramid,（2）how to generate the multiresolution images and edge fea-tures,and（3）how to employ these multiresolution images and edge features toextract the houses from aerial photographs by multiresolution structure and infor-mation fusion.

A GIS-based Spatial Analysis of Housing Price and Road Density in Proximity to Urban Lakes in Wuhan City, China

As one of the essential urban open spaces, lakes usually contribute immensely to the quality of residents′ daily lives. Different from hedonic approach employed in existing researches on urban open spaces in China, this paper integrates housing price surface with road density to analyze the spatial characteristics in proximity to urban lakes in Wuhan City, China. With the expansion of Wuhan City, urban lakes became polluted, they shrunk or even disappeared, leading to unfavorable conditions for sustainable development of the city. To better understand the spatial relationship between the city and lakes, we classify the urban lakes in Wuhan central area into ′lakes in the urban center′ and ′lakes in urban fringe′. Based on housing price surface we explore the spatial characteristics in proximity to different lakes and differences between the lakes. We also use Geographic Information System(GIS) tool to calculate road density as a supplementary indicator to reflect the accessibility in proximity to urban lakes. The results indicate that relative independence exists between different towns, and the spatial characteristics are different depending on scales and locations. In most of cases, the road density is lower where closer to the lakeshore while the housing price exhibits an opposite pattern. We conclude that city governments and urban planners should give more considerations to these spatial differences, somewhere should be better planned and protected as an important waterfront and somewhere the control of unreasonable real estate development nearby should be strengthened.

Nature and Operation of Kost Private Rental Housing in Urban Settlement Development of Jakarta, Indonesia

As one type of the highly sought after housing facilities in Indonesia, Kosts have formed unique heterogeneous living environment while also been a part of fast growing urban settlement developments in Indonesia＇s capital, Jakarta. This paper investigates the nature and operation of Kost private rental housing developed with various conditions and arrangements, as well as its position among other dwelling types, based on on-site investigations, literature reviews and statistical analyses. It is necessary to understand the development of Kost as it shows potentials to overcome the lack of affordable and adequate housing in the country. An accurate checking process during the application of building permit may early identify Kosts. Undefined standard of operation and arrangement may hinder improvement opportunities to its quality of services. Efforts to educate the community and easy access to related regulations are necessary for improvement and compliance awareness. Moreover, increased collaborative design and public education may improve the knowledge of self-builders on building design, planning and construction. Associations of self-organized housing and platforms offering affordable design services that meet the guidelines and standards are promising ootions.

中等规模城市居民住房条件的时空分异格局及驱动机制——以肇庆市为例

中等规模城市住房发展的不充分不平衡问题长期被学术界所忽视。文章基于肇庆市第六次和第七次全国分乡镇街道人口普查数据,构建肇庆市居民住房条件评价体系,分析2010—2020年肇庆市居民住房条件的时空分异格局、空间相关特征和驱动机制。结果表明:1)2010—2020年,肇庆市居民住房条件的空间差异特征发生明显变化,表现为高分区域由东南向西北转移;2)肇庆市居民住房条件总体呈现显著的空间集聚特征,10年间住房总体条件得分的空间集聚度变化不大,建成年代、建筑结构和住房生活设施得分的空间集聚度大幅下降;3)2020年,城镇居民和乡村居民的住房条件呈现不同的空间分异格局,乡村住房的人均建筑面积子系统主导该市所有居民住房条件的空间分异格局;4)驱动机制方面,早期的城市形态构成肇庆市住房条件空间格局的历史基础,政府政策与规划是塑造空间格局演变的关键动力,住房市场的过滤效应进一步强化既定的空间格局。

数字化监管在房屋市政工程质量检测中的应用探究

梳理房屋市政工程质量检测活动中存在的典型问题,探究重庆市房屋市政工程质量检测监管信息系统的实践应用,综述了该平台的功能模块构建与创新监管模式,总结了其实际应用效果和意义。结合行业特点和现状,提出数字化监管模式的优化策略,助力检测发展,传递质量信任。

面向村镇房屋高效调查的可视化系统设计与实现

实景三维技术是对村镇房屋调查管理的重要手段,国家大力推进新农村的建设,因此村镇可视化愈发重要。基于Cesium框架搭建村镇房屋可视化应用平台,从而实现村镇房屋数据的可视化。将村镇房屋数据进行格式转换,采用B/S架构对格式转换后的数据实现Web端的可视化。村镇房屋可视化应用平台主要实现了房屋数据的可视化、房屋信息查询、空间量测等,具有较好的数据可视化表达效果,能够实现三维模型数据的多角度浏览与信息查询,具有较高的应用价值。

上海里弄过街楼非正规营造与通道空间研究

近代上海里弄的底层通道在长时间的演变过程中,诞生了“通道房屋”这种十分普遍的非正规营造方式,“通道居民”便以此为家为业。通道居民改变了里弄通道原初的交通功能,赋予了其多样化的空间利用方式和复杂的日常生活性。本文从微观视角出发,综合近代文献档案检索和实地遗存考察的研究方法,以上海中心城区6个历史文化风貌区为调研对象,统计绘制里弄过街楼的分布地图,指出里弄过街楼对于底层通道的利用方式具有区域差异性,这是由城市长期发展过程中形成的阶层分化和生活惯习导致的。该文以里弄过街楼底层通道空间为研究对象,主要围绕流动和固定的摊贩、居住的合理性与非法性、空间的公共与私密以及生活的矛盾和冲突四个方面展开。研究结果显示,里弄过街楼底层通道空间,是在混乱中生成的新秩序。近代上海人口数激增造成的房荒是里弄过街楼通道房屋产生的大背景,通道居民是上海里弄日常生活文化和市井文化最生动的写照和集中反映,这里也孕育着上海的市井文化与城市基因。随着城市更新的不断推进,里弄历经多轮旧改,数量急剧减少,上海正在逐步丧失这种带有历史印记的自组织空间与原生文化。

BIM模拟的团龙围置入公共功能的采光改造研究

文章利用建筑信息模型(BIM)进行模拟分析,针对团龙围屋的采光改造项目进行探讨。通过对团龙围屋现状的定量分析和基于现有建筑数据的数字化重建,在保留原有建筑特色的前提下设计了采光改进方案。该方案旨在改善光环境,确保公共空间的照明需求得到满足,同时避免强光对古建筑造成损伤。通过BIM技术对提出的方案进行模拟和验证,比较改变前后的采光效果。研究结果显示,此光照改进方案不仅满足了功能需求,同时显著优化了光环境,增强了活动区域的舒适度,更有效地吸引游客,并有助于当地经济和乡村振兴的推进。

农村乱占耕地建房信息化治理方法探讨

农村乱占耕地建房具有长期性、复杂性、反复性的特点,本文以我国中部某省为例,探讨了农村乱占耕地建房信息化治理方法,以提升监管服务效能。该方法通过建立空间数据库底座,开发了农村乱占耕地建房治理系统,以及内业处理系统、整治管理系统与外业核查举证App等应用子系统,借助信息链串联各业务环节,利用网络通信衔接监管与整治工作,以形成省、市、县协同治理格局。该省农村乱占耕地建房治理系统于2022年上线,注册用户37 725个,监测农村乱占耕地建房行为44.09万件,实现了对乱占耕地建房违法用地初判、核实、举证、查处、整治复耕等环节的全流程监管,促进了整治工作稳步推进,有效遏制了农村乱占耕地建房现象。

多源数据人口分布模拟方法研究设想

针对以街道、乡镇级别行政区划为统计单元的人口数据,无法满足地震处置及相关科研工作的需求等问题,提出一种基于地理信息系统技术的统计学模型设想。融合多源数据,运用因子分析法,与人口统计数据进行空间匹配解算获得人口公里网格数据,将人口数据精度从乡镇级别提高至公里级别。拟融合的多源数据包括地理国情地表覆盖类房屋建筑数据、灯光遥感影像数据、道路分布数据、兴趣点数据、数字高程数据等。通过与单一数据模拟方法对比分析,获得高精度人口数据,从而达到提升地震灾害风险评估能力的目的。

基于Python爬虫的二手房信息数据可视化分析

利用Python网络爬虫技术对各大城市的二手房信息进行爬虫分析,通过数据可视化技术,直观地展示二手房价和房源数量的城市分布及市场热点,分析二手房源的面积、价格、户型情况等二手房市场现状,为政府干预房地产业提供参考,也为购房者提供帮助。

基于无人机影像的房屋信息提取技术初步研究

本文以新疆疏附县境内的无人机影像为基础,采用多种方法对研究区内的房屋进行自动提取。由于不同地物在无人机影像中的色彩差异不显著,基于像元的房屋信息提取效果不理想;面向对象的房屋信息提取方法能够识别出绝大部分房屋,但基于DOM影像的提取结果难以识别房屋数量及单栋房屋的面积,而nDSM数据具有房屋的高度信息,基于nDSM数据提取的房屋信息相对较好,提取的房屋信息与实际结果较为吻合,造成误差的原因主要是简易棚和树木的干扰。结果表明,无人机影像具有明显优势,可为区域房屋调查提供有效的基础信息。

基于无人机可见光遥感影像的房屋建筑提取方法对比

无人机遥感影像精度高、现势性强,已被应用于多种地物的高精度提取中,基于无人机可见光遥感影像,使用多种指数方法提取贵州省典型山区房屋建筑,得到结论,植被颜色指数(CIVE)法在房屋建筑提取中效果较好,提取结果与实际房屋空间分布和面积较为接近,房屋提取中山区植被阴影是主要的干扰地物,是提取误差的主要来源,研究结果可为基于无人机可见光影像的房屋建筑提取研究提供案例参考。

房屋安全信息管理系统设计与实现

为解决房屋安全管理中信息化程度低、监管力度不够大等问题,本文利用WebGIS、BIM、网格化以及大数据等技术,探讨了网格化房屋安全全周期动态管理体系,构建了房屋安全管理大数据库,搭建了房屋安全信息管理系统,实现了房屋安全信息的全方位展示、业务全周期管理、危房实时预警和突发事件及时应急响应等功能,有效地提高了房屋安全的管理水平。

基于BIM技术的房屋建筑施工过程管理研究

针对房屋建筑工程管理,提出了一种基于建筑信息模型(BIM)的3D建模技术,应用到建筑项目安全、质量、进度管理,解决3D建模技术单一、操作修改不便等问题。基于建筑信息模型的可视化模拟特点,综合运用到房建工程,实现工程设计、施工质量管理、安全管理的可视化、动态管理,提高房建工程项目的促进产出。研究结果表明,对比传统管理模式与基于建筑信息模型管理模式,企业竞争力、团队协作能力、施工效率都分别提高了38.21%,73.04%,56.08%,可见基于建筑信息模型技术,房屋建筑施工过程管理质量有了很大提升。

基于城市信息模型的“数字住建”架构体系研究

本文基于住房和城乡建设部提出的“举全行业之力,推进‘数字住建’”理念,针对住房城乡建设业务由于没有形成贯通闭环而导致协同性不足,缺乏跨部门、政企协同的统一数字底座导致建设管理系统性不足等住建行业问题,提出了基于城市信息模型(CIM)的“数字住建”架构体系。通过对体系内八大业务领域进行细致分析,阐述基于CIM平台的数字化对住建行业转型升级的赋能作用,并从“数字住建”支撑体系、规范体系、数据资产价值挖掘等方面提出建议,对于数字赋能住建行业高质量发展具有一定的借鉴意义。

共享背景下养老社区营造策略研究——以右所镇西湖村生态搬迁安置区为例

在我国老龄化严重且呈上升趋势的同时,又面临“少子老龄化”“未富先老”等问题。探索适合我国老龄化的养老社区显得十分迫切。对不同养老模式及养老社区存在的问题进行分析,结合我国当前“共享”的社会发展背景,引入“共享”理念。通过“共享”,使养老社区更具弹性、更具场所精神、更具活力。结合老年人日常生活的需求,通过“共享信息、共享住宅、共享服务、共享绿地”四个层面的共享,探索共享背景下养老社区营造策略。