Metropolitan Housing Development in Urban Fringe Areas-A Case Study of Three Metropolitan Cities of South Africa: Johannesburg, Ekurhuleni and Tshwane

Purpose:The metropolitan cities of Johannesburg,Ekurhuleni and Tshwane play an important role in the economy of the Gauteng province in South Africa.The region constitutes to 22.4 percent of the total population of South Africa and has a strong presence and contributes in areas of manufacturing sector,financial and business services,retail and wholesale trade,etc.The rapid urban population,increase in the informal settlements and socio-economic opportunities has resulted in considerable urban sprawl in and around the urban fringe areas of these metropolitan cities.The urban fringe areas of these metros often come under the influence of rapid urbanization process and pressures.Coupled with the economical and potential land dynamics and lack of priority of spatial development guidelines,these areas attract rapid and haphazard development from communities and developers.Research Design/Methodology:This research is based on a qualitative approach through a comprehensive literature review that included content analysis of key documents on housing sector such as IDPs(Integrated Development Plans),Municipal Annual Reports,Growth Development Strategies,and among other sectoral documents on housing sector.Some of the key priority issues considered in the housing sector included:eradication of housing backlogs,spatial restructuring of housing,provision of choice in terms of location,tenure and housing typology.Findings:The current paper discusses the approaches of metropolitan housing development processes in three metropolitan cities of South Africa from Gauteng region,namely:Johannesburg,Ekurhuleni and Tshwane.The paper discusses the existing housing sectoral scenario along with the fringe areas in three cities with focus on:formal and informal settlements,housing segregation and the backlogs,current institutional arrangements,role of public private participation,and scope for alternate mechanisms.The paper concludes in discussion on sustainable development options for housing development in urban fringe areas.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Second-hand Housing Prices in Beijing based on Hierarchical Linear Model

In recent years,housing prices have attracted widespread attention,and the fluctuation of housing prices is due to a combination of many factors.In addition to the characteristics of the house itself,the price of a house is also affected by other factors,such as the community in which the house is located.This article used Beijing’s 2017 second-hand housing transaction data (based on second-hand housing transaction records on Lianjia.com),introduced a hierarchical linear model,and employed Stata software to analyze from different levels.It is intended to find the correlation between housing prices and different levels of characteristics,so to pin down the factors that affect prices of the second-hand housing.

Report of Informal Housing Policy in India

Informal housing can be broadly defined into two types:first,those in which occupants illegally occupy a certain area of a residential location and build a dwelling on the land;second,housing or residential areas which do not meet the master plan or building regulations.This report describes and evaluates the infomal housing policies in India,introducing the improvement of the living standards brought on by these policies to the low-income residents of Chennai,while the case of Kannagi Nagar will be used to analyse the adverse effects of said policies.

HOUSE EXTRACTION WITH MULTIRESOLUTION ANALYSIS AND INFORMATION FUSION

Houses are key elements both in aerial photographs and maps.Their extraction has significance not only to military,but also to automatical rela-tive orientation,automatical absolute orientation,feature-based matching,sys-tematic description,automatic data aquisition,structure analysis,image under-standing,digital mapping,and construction of urban geographic information sys-tem（UGIS）.For this purpose,this paper mainly addresses:（1）a brief introduc-tion to the multiresolution analysis of wavelet theory and its difference formLaplacian pyramid,（2）how to generate the multiresolution images and edge fea-tures,and（3）how to employ these multiresolution images and edge features toextract the houses from aerial photographs by multiresolution structure and infor-mation fusion.

A GIS-based Spatial Analysis of Housing Price and Road Density in Proximity to Urban Lakes in Wuhan City, China

As one of the essential urban open spaces, lakes usually contribute immensely to the quality of residents′ daily lives. Different from hedonic approach employed in existing researches on urban open spaces in China, this paper integrates housing price surface with road density to analyze the spatial characteristics in proximity to urban lakes in Wuhan City, China. With the expansion of Wuhan City, urban lakes became polluted, they shrunk or even disappeared, leading to unfavorable conditions for sustainable development of the city. To better understand the spatial relationship between the city and lakes, we classify the urban lakes in Wuhan central area into ′lakes in the urban center′ and ′lakes in urban fringe′. Based on housing price surface we explore the spatial characteristics in proximity to different lakes and differences between the lakes. We also use Geographic Information System(GIS) tool to calculate road density as a supplementary indicator to reflect the accessibility in proximity to urban lakes. The results indicate that relative independence exists between different towns, and the spatial characteristics are different depending on scales and locations. In most of cases, the road density is lower where closer to the lakeshore while the housing price exhibits an opposite pattern. We conclude that city governments and urban planners should give more considerations to these spatial differences, somewhere should be better planned and protected as an important waterfront and somewhere the control of unreasonable real estate development nearby should be strengthened.

中等规模城市居民住房条件的时空分异格局及驱动机制——以肇庆市为例

中等规模城市住房发展的不充分不平衡问题长期被学术界所忽视。文章基于肇庆市第六次和第七次全国分乡镇街道人口普查数据,构建肇庆市居民住房条件评价体系,分析2010—2020年肇庆市居民住房条件的时空分异格局、空间相关特征和驱动机制。结果表明:1)2010—2020年,肇庆市居民住房条件的空间差异特征发生明显变化,表现为高分区域由东南向西北转移;2)肇庆市居民住房条件总体呈现显著的空间集聚特征,10年间住房总体条件得分的空间集聚度变化不大,建成年代、建筑结构和住房生活设施得分的空间集聚度大幅下降;3)2020年,城镇居民和乡村居民的住房条件呈现不同的空间分异格局,乡村住房的人均建筑面积子系统主导该市所有居民住房条件的空间分异格局;4)驱动机制方面,早期的城市形态构成肇庆市住房条件空间格局的历史基础,政府政策与规划是塑造空间格局演变的关键动力,住房市场的过滤效应进一步强化既定的空间格局。

数字化监管在房屋市政工程质量检测中的应用探究

梳理房屋市政工程质量检测活动中存在的典型问题,探究重庆市房屋市政工程质量检测监管信息系统的实践应用,综述了该平台的功能模块构建与创新监管模式,总结了其实际应用效果和意义。结合行业特点和现状,提出数字化监管模式的优化策略,助力检测发展,传递质量信任。

多源数据人口分布模拟方法研究设想

针对以街道、乡镇级别行政区划为统计单元的人口数据,无法满足地震处置及相关科研工作的需求等问题,提出一种基于地理信息系统技术的统计学模型设想。融合多源数据,运用因子分析法,与人口统计数据进行空间匹配解算获得人口公里网格数据,将人口数据精度从乡镇级别提高至公里级别。拟融合的多源数据包括地理国情地表覆盖类房屋建筑数据、灯光遥感影像数据、道路分布数据、兴趣点数据、数字高程数据等。通过与单一数据模拟方法对比分析,获得高精度人口数据,从而达到提升地震灾害风险评估能力的目的。

基于Python爬虫的二手房信息数据可视化分析

利用Python网络爬虫技术对各大城市的二手房信息进行爬虫分析,通过数据可视化技术,直观地展示二手房价和房源数量的城市分布及市场热点,分析二手房源的面积、价格、户型情况等二手房市场现状,为政府干预房地产业提供参考,也为购房者提供帮助。

基于无人机影像的房屋信息提取技术初步研究

本文以新疆疏附县境内的无人机影像为基础,采用多种方法对研究区内的房屋进行自动提取。由于不同地物在无人机影像中的色彩差异不显著,基于像元的房屋信息提取效果不理想;面向对象的房屋信息提取方法能够识别出绝大部分房屋,但基于DOM影像的提取结果难以识别房屋数量及单栋房屋的面积,而nDSM数据具有房屋的高度信息,基于nDSM数据提取的房屋信息相对较好,提取的房屋信息与实际结果较为吻合,造成误差的原因主要是简易棚和树木的干扰。结果表明,无人机影像具有明显优势,可为区域房屋调查提供有效的基础信息。

基于无人机可见光遥感影像的房屋建筑提取方法对比

无人机遥感影像精度高、现势性强,已被应用于多种地物的高精度提取中,基于无人机可见光遥感影像,使用多种指数方法提取贵州省典型山区房屋建筑,得到结论,植被颜色指数(CIVE)法在房屋建筑提取中效果较好,提取结果与实际房屋空间分布和面积较为接近,房屋提取中山区植被阴影是主要的干扰地物,是提取误差的主要来源,研究结果可为基于无人机可见光影像的房屋建筑提取研究提供案例参考。

房屋安全信息管理系统设计与实现

为解决房屋安全管理中信息化程度低、监管力度不够大等问题,本文利用WebGIS、BIM、网格化以及大数据等技术,探讨了网格化房屋安全全周期动态管理体系,构建了房屋安全管理大数据库,搭建了房屋安全信息管理系统,实现了房屋安全信息的全方位展示、业务全周期管理、危房实时预警和突发事件及时应急响应等功能,有效地提高了房屋安全的管理水平。

基于BIM技术的房屋建筑施工过程管理研究

针对房屋建筑工程管理,提出了一种基于建筑信息模型(BIM)的3D建模技术,应用到建筑项目安全、质量、进度管理,解决3D建模技术单一、操作修改不便等问题。基于建筑信息模型的可视化模拟特点,综合运用到房建工程,实现工程设计、施工质量管理、安全管理的可视化、动态管理,提高房建工程项目的促进产出。研究结果表明,对比传统管理模式与基于建筑信息模型管理模式,企业竞争力、团队协作能力、施工效率都分别提高了38.21%,73.04%,56.08%,可见基于建筑信息模型技术,房屋建筑施工过程管理质量有了很大提升。

基于城市信息模型的“数字住建”架构体系研究

本文基于住房和城乡建设部提出的“举全行业之力,推进‘数字住建’”理念,针对住房城乡建设业务由于没有形成贯通闭环而导致协同性不足,缺乏跨部门、政企协同的统一数字底座导致建设管理系统性不足等住建行业问题,提出了基于城市信息模型(CIM)的“数字住建”架构体系。通过对体系内八大业务领域进行细致分析,阐述基于CIM平台的数字化对住建行业转型升级的赋能作用,并从“数字住建”支撑体系、规范体系、数据资产价值挖掘等方面提出建议,对于数字赋能住建行业高质量发展具有一定的借鉴意义。

某城市旧改房屋安全性鉴定及信息化监测研究

贵阳市在推进房屋旧改工作过程中,需对某地标性“翼型多层装配式框架混合”房屋建筑结构进行安全性检测鉴定,以获得后期的改造或加固处理数据。通过对建筑开展包括基本情况调查、平面图绘制、原材料强度、受力构件截面及配件、结构缺陷、地基基础检测,结合建筑结构实际荷载布置,进行有限元模型承载力验算、开展房屋安全性鉴定及信息自动化监测研究,并给出合理建议。相关研究解决了房屋存在的安全隐患,可为类似工程提供一定参考。

基于BIM技术的装配式住宅PC构件深化设计及信息化管理研究

随着建筑行业的发展,装配式住宅逐渐成为一种主流建筑方式。BIM技术提高了装配式建筑的设计效率与质量,在装配式住宅建设中发挥着重要作用。文中分析了BIM技术在PC构件设计、参数化设计、详图生成等方面的应用,以及在信息化管理集成、共享、进度与成本管理等方面的应用,提出了一套基于BIM技术的装配式住宅PC构件深化设计与信息化管理流程,为装配式住宅的发展提供助力。

Research on the Characteristics and Evolution of Residential Morphology of Urban Villages in Shenzhen Under the Informal Housing Market

This article studies the phenomena of urban villages against the background of an informal housing market, and provides analysis of the characteristics and mechanisms responsible for its formation during different stages in its evolution, including the strategies and policies that affect urban villages, such as the Planning Layout of Industry Districts and the Affordable Housing Policy in Shenzhen. Lastly, the article examines how it enables a possible development tendency for the future residential morphology of urban villages in Shenzhen.

智慧工程信息系统在项目管理中的应用研究

新时代新阶段对住房和城乡建设发展提出了新要求,也对建设单位的项目管理要求不断提高,其越来越多利用信息系统提高管理水平。本文通过对某市属国企在工程项目管理中应用信息系统软件实例研究,阐述其在集团和项目层面的应用,并分析实际成效。结果表明,有效借助信息系统进行项目管理,能够解决目前存在的管理难题,对工程质量、工期、成本控制有较大帮助。

房屋建筑调查成果管理系统设计与实现

房屋建筑调查是全国自然灾害综合风险普查的重要组成部分,摸清房屋建筑自然灾害综合风险隐患底数,是客观认识我国自然灾害综合风险的关键点。文章基于南通市海门区房屋建筑调查成果,研发了调查成果管理系统。该系统以数据模型为核心,以动态缓存、矢量底图为支撑,通过综合数据看板形式分级分类多维度展示建筑调查成果,为开展自然灾害防治工作和保障经济社会可持续发展提供了权威的科学决策依据。