ON QUADRATURE FORMULAE FOR SINGULAR INTEGRALS OF ARBITRARY ORDER

Some quadrature formulae for the numerical evaluation of singular integrals of arbitrary order are established and both the estimate of remainder and the convergence of each quadrature formula derived here are also given.

Unified parametric approaches for high-order integral observer design for matrix second-order linear systems

A type of high-order integral observers for matrix second-order linear systems is proposed on the basis of generalized eigenstructure assignment via unified parametric approaches. Through establishing two general parametric solutions to this type of generalized matrix second-order Sylvester matrix equations, two unified complete parametric methods for the proposed observer design problem are presented. Both methods give simple complete parametric expressions for the observer gain matrices. The first one mainly depends on a series of singular value decompositions, and is thus numerically simple and reliable; the second one utilizes the fight factorization of the system, and allows eigenvalues of the error system to be set undetermined and sought via certain optimization procedures. A spring-mass-dashpot system is utilized to illustrate the design procedure and show the effect of the proposed approach.

Dynamic stability analysis of porous functionally graded beams under hygro-thermal loading using nonlocal strain gradient integral model

We present a study on the dynamic stability of porous functionally graded(PFG)beams under hygro-thermal loading.The variations of the properties of the beams across the beam thicknesses are described by the power-law model.Unlike most studies on this topic,we consider both the bending deformation of the beams and the hygro-thermal load as size-dependent,simultaneously,by adopting the equivalent differential forms of the well-posed nonlocal strain gradient integral theory(NSGIT)which are strictly equipped with a set of constitutive boundary conditions(CBCs),and through which both the stiffness-hardening and stiffness-softening effects of the structures can be observed with the length-scale parameters changed.All the variables presented in the differential problem formulation are discretized.The numerical solution of the dynamic instability region(DIR)of various bounded beams is then developed via the generalized differential quadrature method(GDQM).After verifying the present formulation and results,we examine the effects of different parameters such as the nonlocal/gradient length-scale parameters,the static force factor,the functionally graded(FG)parameter,and the porosity parameter on the DIR.Furthermore,the influence of considering the size-dependent hygro-thermal load is also presented.

DC offset rejection in a frequency-fixed second-order generalized integrator-based phase-locked loop for single-phase grid-connected applications

Fast and accurate monitoring of the phase,amplitude,and frequency of the grid voltage is essential for single-phase grid-connected converters.The presence of DC offset in the grid voltage is detrimental to not only grid synchronization but also the closed-loop stability of the grid-connected converters.In this paper,a new synchronization method to mitigate the effect of DC offset is presented using arbitrarily delayed signal cancelation(ADSC)in a second-order generalized integrator(SOGI)phase-locked loop(PLL).A frequency-fixed SOGI-based PLL(FFSOGI-PLL)is adopted to ensure better stability and to reduce the complexity compared with other SOGI-based PLLs.A small-signal model of the proposed PLL is derived for the systematic design of proportional-integral(PI)controller gains.The effects of frequency variation and ADSC on the proposed PLL are considered,and correction methods are adopted to accurately estimate grid information.The simulation results are presented,along with comparisons to other single-phase PLLs in terms of settling time,peak frequency,and phase error to validate the proposed PLL.The dynamic performance of the proposed PLL is also experimentally validated.Overall,the proposed PLL has the fastest transient response and better dynamic performance than the other PLLs for almost all performance indices,offering an improved solution for precise grid synchronization in single-phase applications.

两相静止坐标系下基于改进型双二阶广义积分器的锁相环控制策略

由于分布式新能源和多样化负荷广泛接入电网,传统基于单同步旋转坐标系的锁相环(SRF-PLL)结构在复杂工况下无法准确地跟踪电网相位、频率等参数,因此本文提出一种在两相静止坐标系下基于改进型双二阶广义积分器(DSOGI)的锁相环控制策略。首先,采用级联谐振滤波器处理低频段奇次谐波,在二阶广义积分正交信号发生器(SOGI-QSG)的基础上添加直流偏置滤除支路,在消除直流扰动、实现正负序电压解耦分离的同时,优化对高频段谐波的抑制;然后,构建αβ锁相环(PLL)结构,基于小信号控制模型优化动态响应性能,提高锁相精度;最后,通过Matlab/Simulink仿真对比,证明了改进型锁相环控制策略的有效性。

基于改进SOGI的PMSM转子位置估算策略

针对永磁同步电机基于滑模观测器的无传感器控制存在高频抖振、滤波延迟以及谐波干扰等问题,提出一种改进的二阶广义积分器算法,并应用于转子位置估算中。将改进的二阶广义积分器作为滑模观测器无感控制算法的滤波器,估算的转子角频率作为输入,动态调节其谐振频率,实现自适应滤波。提出的改进二阶广义积分器较传统的二阶广义积分器,具有更好的高频干扰信号抑制能力;为调节通频带大小,引入通频带调节系数;为提高对转子角频率的估算速度,引入正交锁相环叠加基频转速对转子角频率进行估算。最后通过试验验证了该策略具有更好的动态和稳态性能。

微网主从控制模式下的稳定性分析

主要研究主从控制模式下微网独立运行时的稳定性问题。基于离散时间状态方程的微网数学模型,通过特征值理论分析和PSCAD仿真结果验证,发现当主电源电压环比例增益、从电源数量或负荷等参数发生变化时,系统特征矩阵中一对高频共轭复特征值会到达z域单位圆外,导致系统不稳定,交流母线电压和各分布式电源输出电流中出现高频振荡分量。提出在主电源电压环电压反馈通道中加入基于二阶通用积分环节的带通滤波器,能有效改善系统的稳定性,保证系统稳定运行。

一种并网逆变器无交流电压传感器控制策略研究

针对配电电压波动较大等问题,研究了一种基于正交滤波器的并网逆变器无交流电压传感器控制策略。首先利用二阶广义积分器对特定频率交流信号的无差跟随特性构成正交滤波器,然后使用该正交滤波器构建三相并网逆变器的电压观测器,在两相静止坐标系下直接对电网电压进行观测,结合三相并网逆变器在两相静止坐标系下的PR控制,实现逆变器在无交流电压传感器条件下的运行控制。该策略能够避免传统虚拟磁链观测中的积分饱和、初值敏感、静态误差等问题。通过仿真与实验验证了所提出策略的有效性。

具有精确幅值积分特性的正交信号发生器

针对二阶广义积分器(SOGI)在快速瞬态响应的情况下幅值积分过程不理想、参数设计困难的问题,提出一种具有精确幅值积分特性的正交信号发生器。首先,从一阶系统(FOS)的角度分析SOGI-QSG的动态响应。其次,对广义正交积分器(GI-QSG)的动态响应存在的问题做进一步分析。结果表明,SOGI-QSG的时域响应不仅与增益有关,还受到输入信号参数的影响。为解决此问题,提出基于精确幅值积分器的正交信号发生器(AMI-QSG),与SOGI相比,AMI对正弦信号具有更优异的幅值积分性能,并且其幅值响应更接近FOS,因此其参数设计可以参考FOS,使参数设计更加简单。此外,还可以方便地调整AMI-QSG的结构来抑制直流分量和提取谐波分量。最后通过仿真和实验验证了理论分析的正确性和所提方法的优越性。

基于二阶广义积分器的单相并网逆变器的研究

针对传统单相并网逆变器不便实现有功、无功功率独立控制的特点,采用二阶广义积分器重构两相正交基波电流信号,实现同步旋转坐标系下电流基波有功和无功分量的分解,进而实现对基波电流的有功和无功分量的解耦控制;利用重构的基波电流信号,实现对逆变器输出电流谐波的观测和控制,提高单相并网系统的电能质量;并通过仿真验证了上述控制策略的正确性和有效性。

基于双二阶广义积分锁相环的燃料电池并网系统研究

针对燃料电池发电系统运行特性,建立了燃料电池并网控制系统模型,并设计了并网逆变器的有功/无功控制策略和基于双二阶广义积分器的锁相环(DSOGI-PLL)方案。通过在电网三相电压理想工况和三相电压不平衡条件下的仿真测试,证明了所建立的并网控制系统能够实现单位功率因数运行。而且所设计的DSOGI-PLL能够在单相和两相电压故障情况下快速、准确地跟踪电网电压的频率和相位,具有较好的频率自适应及对输入信号的滤波功能。验证了所设计并网系统的正确性和有效性。

基于改进SOGIQ PLL与卡尔曼滤波的APF谐波检测方法研究

谐波污染的有效治理是电能质量控制的关键。基于有源电力滤波器可实现对谐波的跟踪及补偿的优点,电网中常采用有源电力滤波器实现谐波的治理,但有源电力滤波器谐波检测应用的传统i_(p)-i_(q)法存在检测精度低、速度慢的问题。正基于此,该文提出了一种融合二阶广义积分正交锁相环和卡尔曼滤波器的新型i_(p)-i_(q)谐波检测方法。以改进型二阶广义积分正交锁相环,提高相角检测准确度;以卡尔曼滤波器提升滤波跟踪实时性。通过理论推导结合仿真分析,结果表明该方法能实现谐波的有效补偿,从而提升谐波检测准确性。

电网电压畸变下的频率自适应锁相技术

针对解耦双同步参考坐标系锁相环DDSRF-PLL(decoupled double synchronous reference frame phaselocked loop)在电网电压畸变时锁相存在较大偏差问题,提出一种频率自适应锁相技术。首先设计了一种用于滤除电网多次谐波和直流电压的新型基于二阶广义积分器的正交信号发生器NSOGI-QSG(novel second order gen?eralized integrator-quadrature signal generator),在此基础上提出一种将NSOGI-QSG与DDSRF-PLL结合的频率自适应锁相环,利用NSOGI-QSG形成频率自适应滤波器和直流控制器,有效实现频率自适应和畸变电压滤波,为解耦双同步参考坐标系锁相环提供稳定的正交信号,从而提高锁相环抑制电网电压畸变的能力。理论分析和仿真结果验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。

Broadband ADCP digital signal processing based on CIC filter banks

The acoustic Doppler current profilers(ADCP)as a new type of flow measuring equipment,can measure the flow velocity of the channel section directly.ADCP has the advantages of short measuring time and wide measuring range.The traditional ADCP processing system uses analog method to realize demodulation and filtering,which will introduce extra errors.While digital processing system will greatly increase the computation and slow down the speed of data processing.To solve this problem,an efficient real-time broadband ADCP digital signal processing system is proposed based on the low computational cascade integrator comb(CIC)cascade and interpolated second-order polynomial(ISOP)filter banks.The digital in-phase and quadrature(IQ)demodulation,CIC filter banks,and complex autocorrelation operation steps are cascaded with a pipelined method in the system,which greatly improves the system operating speed while avoiding the high memory occupation of non-real-time systems.

An Improved Stator Flux Observation Method of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

The stator flux and electromagnetic torque observation is the basis of direct torque controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor( PMSM) drive system. However,the traditional stator flux observer based on voltage model is affected by integral initial values and integral drift,that based on current model is affected by the parameters of PMSM,so a new stator flux observation method is proposed based on an improved secondorder generalized integrator( SOGI). Compared to the stator flux observation method based on the conventional SOGI,the proposed method can not only overcome the influence of integral initial values and integral drift,but also completely eliminate the DC offset's influence. Therefore,the observation accuracy of stator flux is further improved. The simulation and experimental results both show that the proposed method has a higher stator flux and electromagnetic torque observation precision.

单相αβ PLL方案中正交信号发生器的性能比较

在电网同步技术中,PLL方案得到广泛推广。为了有效降低传统dq PLL方案因坐标变换带来的运算量,很多αβPLL方案被相继提出。考虑到在单相应用场合中通常借助正交信号发生器来产生αβ坐标系下的电压分量,因此正交信号发生器的工作性能直接影响到PLL输出结果的准确性。针对现有的几种正交信号发生器,主要从谐波抑制和直流分量消除两方面进行了具体的性能比较,并通过仿真结果做出验证。

一种降低电网谐波影响的单相自适应锁频方案

随着分布式发电的发展,在单相光伏场景中性能可靠的电网同步技术是实现逆变器高效并网的重要前提。提出了一种有效的单相自适应锁频算法,该算法主要由1个级联的二阶广义积分正交信号发生器SOGIQSG(second-order generalized integrator-quadrature signal generator)和1个简单可靠的频率自适应控制器组成。理论分析表明,级联SOGI-QSG结构具有良好的滤波性能,可以改善谐波含量高的电压信号。在电网遭受频率波动时,所提出的频率自适应控制器可以快速跟踪电网频率的瞬时变化。仿真和实验验证了所提方案的可行性和有效性。

基于改进SOGI-QSG的频率自适应锁相环

针对双二阶广义积分锁相环(dual second-order generalized integrator phase locked loop,DSOGI-PLL)在不平衡电网下锁相效果不理想的问题,提出了一种改进二阶广义积分正交信号发生器(second-order generalized integrator quadrature signal generator,SOGI-QSG)的频率自适应锁相环,来提高并网电流在不平衡电网下的并网质量。改进SOGI-QSG能够很好地滤除直流分量,同时加入了频率自适应功能,再通过级联谐振滤波器来消除奇次谐波对并网的影响,最后对q轴的正序分量进行锁相。在Simulink中对基于改进SOGI-QSG的频率自适应锁相环进行了仿真,结果表明:在电网电压单相跌落或频率出现微小波动时,基于改进SOGI-QSG的频率自适应锁相环比DSOGI-PLL有更好的锁相效果。

DIPR-PLL在复杂电网故障下的性能分析

为了解决双二阶广义积分锁相环在电网故障工况下不能精准锁相的问题,以比例谐振控制器环节为基础,提出了一种基于改进式比例谐振控制器的正交发生器。在频域下分析可得,双二阶广义积分锁相环呈现低通特性,即对于高次谐波具有一定的抑制作用,但是难以滤除直流分量;而双改进式比例谐振锁相环呈现带通特性,对某一频率下的信号具有较大的增益作用,对高频谐波、直流分量能够有效抑制,因此改进式比例谐振锁相环能够在电网故障情况下准确提取基波正序相位信息,提高逆变环节的功率因数。通过实验表明,当电网电压跌落、相位突变、波形畸变和含直流分量时,相较于双二阶广义积分锁相环而言,双改进式比例谐振锁相环锁相精度更高,且对于非基波分量的抑制能力更强,有效增强了系统的鲁棒性。

Sliding-mode Observer-based Grid Voltage-observation Method with Frequency-fixed Dual SOGI and Cross-compensated Phase-locked Loop

Conventional sliding-mode observer(SMO)-based grid-voltage observation methods often require a low-pass filter(LPF)to remove high-frequency sliding-mode noise.However,a complicated phase-and amplitude-compensation method,which is highly sensitive to the DC-offset,is required.A frequency-adaptive dual second-order generalized integrator(SOGI)can be used to replace the LPF,eliminating the compensation link and the effects of the DC-offset;however,strong coupling is introduced between the front-end SOGI block and back-end phase-locked loop(PLL)block,thereby reducing the dynamic performance.To solve this problem,this study proposes an SMO-based grid-voltage observation method with a frequency-fixed dual SOGI and cross-compensated PLL that can eliminate the frequency coupling between the front-end SOGI block and back-end PLL blocks,thereby increasing its dynamic performance.In this study,the phase and amplitude are compensated simultaneously using the proposed cross-compensation method,achieving an accurate observation of the grid voltage under off-nominal frequencies.An analysis of the small-signal model theoretically verified that the proposed method has good dynamic performance.Finally,the superiority of the proposed method is verified through comparative experiments.