AIM: Review of evidence that the 33-amino-acidpolypeptide secretoneurin, which is generated byproteolytic cleavage of secretogranin Ⅱ, plays a role inneurogenic inflammation. METHODS: Survey of theliterature using a ...AIM: Review of evidence that the 33-amino-acidpolypeptide secretoneurin, which is generated byproteolytic cleavage of secretogranin Ⅱ, plays a role inneurogenic inflammation. METHODS: Survey of theliterature using a MEDLINE search database. RE-SULTS: Secretoneurin is synthesized in spinalganglia, transported through the dorsal roots and storedin the axon terminals of primary afferent neurons.Investigations using capsaicin suggest that secretoneurinfunctions as an excitatory transmitter. Secretoneurinspecifically activates various cell functions including thechemotactic migration of monocytes, eosinophils,fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells,展开更多
The outcome of hepatic B virus(HBV)infection is the result of complex interactions between replicating HBV and the innate/adaptive immune system.As an important lectin complement pathway activator,human ficolin-2 is s...The outcome of hepatic B virus(HBV)infection is the result of complex interactions between replicating HBV and the innate/adaptive immune system.As an important lectin complement pathway activator,human ficolin-2 is secreted from liver cells and contributes to the clearance of viral infections and lysis of enveloped virions,which has been implicated as an anti-infection innate immune molecule.In this issue,a research group lead by Drs.XiaoLian Zhang and Fengling Luo,investigated the serum and liver tissue展开更多
Insect diversity and abundance are in drastic decline worldwide,but quantifying insect populations to better conserve them is a difficult task.Mark-release-recapture(MRR)is widely used as an ecological indicator for i...Insect diversity and abundance are in drastic decline worldwide,but quantifying insect populations to better conserve them is a difficult task.Mark-release-recapture(MRR)is widely used as an ecological indicator for insect populations,but the accuracy of MRR estimates can vary with factors such as spatial scale,sampling effort and models of inference.We conducted a 3-year MRR study of B.thaidina in Yanzigou valley,Mt.Gongga but failed to obtain sufficient data for a robust population estimate.This prompted us to integrate B.thaidina life history information to parameterize agent-based models and evaluate the conditions under which successful MRR studies could be conducted.We evaluated:(1)the performance of MRR models under different landscape types,and(2)the influence of experimental design on the accuracy and variance of MRR-based estimates.Our simulations revealed systematic underestimates of true population parameters by MRR models when sampling effort was insufficient.In a total of 2772 simulations,subjective decisions in sampling protocol(e.g.,frequency,number of sampling locations,use of spatially explicit models,type of estimands)accounted for nearly half of the variation in estimates.We conclude that MRR-based estimates could be improved with the addition of more field-specific parameters.展开更多
The endangered Asian tapir(Tapirus indicus)is threatened by large-scale habitat loss,forest fragmentation and increased hunting pressure.Conservation planning for this species,however,is hampered by a severe paucity o...The endangered Asian tapir(Tapirus indicus)is threatened by large-scale habitat loss,forest fragmentation and increased hunting pressure.Conservation planning for this species,however,is hampered by a severe paucity of information on its ecology and population status.We present the first Asian tapir population density estimate from a camera trapping study targeting tigers in a selectively logged forest within Peninsular Malaysia using a spatially explicit capture-recapture maximum likelihood based framework.With a trap effort of 2496 nights,17 individuals were identified corresponding to a density(standard error)estimate of 9.49(2.55)adult ta-pirs/100 km2.Although our results include several caveats,we believe that our density estimate still serves as an important baseline to facilitate the monitoring of tapir population trends in Peninsular Malaysia.Our study also highlights the potential of extracting vital ecological and population information for other cryptic individual-ly identifiable animals from tiger-centric studies,especially with the use of a spatially explicit capture-recapture maximum likelihood based framework.展开更多
基金Project supported in part by the Austrian Science Foundation grant № P-09977-Med to CJW.
文摘AIM: Review of evidence that the 33-amino-acidpolypeptide secretoneurin, which is generated byproteolytic cleavage of secretogranin Ⅱ, plays a role inneurogenic inflammation. METHODS: Survey of theliterature using a MEDLINE search database. RE-SULTS: Secretoneurin is synthesized in spinalganglia, transported through the dorsal roots and storedin the axon terminals of primary afferent neurons.Investigations using capsaicin suggest that secretoneurinfunctions as an excitatory transmitter. Secretoneurinspecifically activates various cell functions including thechemotactic migration of monocytes, eosinophils,fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells,
文摘The outcome of hepatic B virus(HBV)infection is the result of complex interactions between replicating HBV and the innate/adaptive immune system.As an important lectin complement pathway activator,human ficolin-2 is secreted from liver cells and contributes to the clearance of viral infections and lysis of enveloped virions,which has been implicated as an anti-infection innate immune molecule.In this issue,a research group lead by Drs.XiaoLian Zhang and Fengling Luo,investigated the serum and liver tissue
基金supported by a graduate fellowship from Harvard University Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology,as well as a Joan Mosenthal DeWind Award in Lepidoptera conservation from the Xerces Society(2017)for studying the spatial ecology of butterflies in Yanzigou valleyZW and AJ were supported by a Rufford Small Grant(2016)to work on the conservation of B.thaidinaAspects of the modeling approach used in this research were supported by a grant from the Harvard Global Institute(HG1)to YL,ZW and NEP.
文摘Insect diversity and abundance are in drastic decline worldwide,but quantifying insect populations to better conserve them is a difficult task.Mark-release-recapture(MRR)is widely used as an ecological indicator for insect populations,but the accuracy of MRR estimates can vary with factors such as spatial scale,sampling effort and models of inference.We conducted a 3-year MRR study of B.thaidina in Yanzigou valley,Mt.Gongga but failed to obtain sufficient data for a robust population estimate.This prompted us to integrate B.thaidina life history information to parameterize agent-based models and evaluate the conditions under which successful MRR studies could be conducted.We evaluated:(1)the performance of MRR models under different landscape types,and(2)the influence of experimental design on the accuracy and variance of MRR-based estimates.Our simulations revealed systematic underestimates of true population parameters by MRR models when sampling effort was insufficient.In a total of 2772 simulations,subjective decisions in sampling protocol(e.g.,frequency,number of sampling locations,use of spatially explicit models,type of estimands)accounted for nearly half of the variation in estimates.We conclude that MRR-based estimates could be improved with the addition of more field-specific parameters.
文摘The endangered Asian tapir(Tapirus indicus)is threatened by large-scale habitat loss,forest fragmentation and increased hunting pressure.Conservation planning for this species,however,is hampered by a severe paucity of information on its ecology and population status.We present the first Asian tapir population density estimate from a camera trapping study targeting tigers in a selectively logged forest within Peninsular Malaysia using a spatially explicit capture-recapture maximum likelihood based framework.With a trap effort of 2496 nights,17 individuals were identified corresponding to a density(standard error)estimate of 9.49(2.55)adult ta-pirs/100 km2.Although our results include several caveats,we believe that our density estimate still serves as an important baseline to facilitate the monitoring of tapir population trends in Peninsular Malaysia.Our study also highlights the potential of extracting vital ecological and population information for other cryptic individual-ly identifiable animals from tiger-centric studies,especially with the use of a spatially explicit capture-recapture maximum likelihood based framework.
