Application of equivalent resistance to simplification of Sutong Bridge piers in tidal river section modeling

This paper describes some details and procedural steps in the equivalent resistance （E-R） method for simplifying the pier group of the Sutong Bridge, which is located on the tidal reach of the lower Yangtze River, in Jiangsu Province. Using a two-dimensional tidal current numerical model, three different models were established： the non-bridge pier model, original bridge pier model, and simplified bridge pier model. The difference in hydrodynamic parameters, including water level, velocity, and diversion ratio, as well as time efficiency between these three models is discussed in detail. The results show that simplifying the pier group using the E-R method influences the water level and velocity near the piers, but has no influence on the diversion ratio of each cross-section of the Xuliujing reach located in the lower Yangtze River. Furthermore, the simplified bridge pier model takes half the calculation time that the original bridge pier model needs. Thus, it is concluded that the E-R method can be use to simplify bridge piers in tidal river section modeling reasonably and efficiently.

The Rate of Caesarean Sections in Burkina Faso’s Regional and University Hospitals According to the Classification System of Robson’s Ten Groups

Background: Quality assurance in labor and delivery is needed. The method must be simple and consistent, and be of universal value. The 10-Group Classification System is a simple method providing a common starting point for further detailed analysis within which all perinatal events and outcomes can be measured and compared. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze cesarean section (CS) rates using the classification system of Robson’s ten groups and to identify the main contributors to the overall CS rate in Burkina Faso’s regional and university hospitals. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional study with retrospective collection was carried out. All women who gave birth between July 1, 2017 and June 30, 2018, in the Regional Hospital Centres (RHC) and University Hospital Centres (UHC) of Burkina Faso were classified according to the Robson ten-group method. The overall CS rates and in each Robson group were calculated, as well as the contribution of each group to the overall CS rate. Results: The CS rate was 26.5% (8543 out of 32,240 deliveries) during the study period. nulliparous women with single term pregnancy in cephalic presentation during spontaneous labour (group 1), multiparous women with single pregnancy in cephalic presentation, gestational age ≥37SA, spontaneous labour (group 3) and multiparous women with previous CS (group 5) were the main contributors (67.7%) to the overall CS rate. In addition, we observed a variation in CS rates between different hospitals, especially among women with full-term pregnancies in cephalic presentation without previous CS (groups 1 to 4), showing large differences in emergency obstetric and neonatal care across the country. Conclusions: Women in groups 1, 3 and 5 were the most important contributors to the overall CS rate in Burkina Faso. It appears that efforts to reduce the overall rate of CS should focus on vaginal delivery on the scarred uterus, reduction of CS rates in nulliparous women with full-term pregnancy in cephalic presentation (groups 1) and proper monitoring of multiparous women with full-term pregnancy in spontaneous labour (group 3).

Quality of Caesarean Sections in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa: A Prospective Study in Cameroon

Introduction: Caesarean section (CS) is a major reproductive health intervention to improve maternal and foetal outcomes if appropriately performed. This study aimed to assess the quality of Caesarean sections (CS) in a rural setting in Cameroon. Materials and Methods: A prospective study conducted in 3 hospitals from February 1st 2020 to April 30th 2020. One hundred and twenty women who had a CS were included. Data were grouped into 5 categories: 1) Sociodemographic and obstetrical characteristics, 2) Geographic and financial access, 3) Diagnostic procedures, 4) Operative parameters and 5) Post-operative parameters. The Dujardin’s model and context-relevant criteria served to construct the quality score. The scale was 0 - 20 and scores ≤ 15 were considered as unacceptable quality while those >15 were considered as acceptable quality CS. Logistic regressions permitted to measure associations. Results: There were 538 deliveries and 120 (22.3%) CS. The mean (SD) gestational age was 38.7 (2.6) weeks with extremes of 31 and 43 weeks. Group 5 of the Robson’s classification was predominant (35.0%). Motorbikes were the mode of transport to the maternity for 72.5% (87/120) of women. No referral was made by ambulance. Only 44 (36.7%) women had paid the full cost of the CS prior to surgery. In addition, 26 (21.6%) women had a complete clinical examination on admission. The surgical team was not complete (<6 staffs) in 56 (43.3%) cases. Anaesthesia was done by nurses in all cases. CS was done by a general practitioner and by nurses in 86 (71.7%) and 14 (11.7%) cases respectively. Overall, mean (SD) quality score (QS) was 16.33 (1.60). Sixty six of the 120 (55.3%) caesarean sections had unacceptable quality CS. Mean (SD) QS was significantly higher in faith-based hospitals than in public hospitals (18.00 (0.91) versus 15.59 (1.24);P < 0.001). Immediate postoperative clinical monitoring was effective only in 66 (55%) of cases. Apgar score was below 7 over 10 in 17 (14.2%) cases of which 6 freshes still births. No maternal death was recorded and maternal complications were recorded in 14 (11.7%) cases. Conclusion: The quality of CS is generally poor in rural settings in West-Cameroon. The quantity and quality of staffs required for Caesarean sections in the hospitals are sometimes insufficient. The poor quality of CS in this region could be addressed using the faith-based hospitals: St Vincent de Paul’s Hospital as a model.

Cesarean Sections according to the Robson’s Classification in Two University Hospitals of Yaoundé: Indications and Maternofetal Outcome

Introduction: Cesarean section is a surgical intervention which consists in the extraction of a fetus from the uterus after its incision. The rate of cesarean section varies depending on the country and the health facility. For this reason, in 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the use of Robson’s classification to evaluate the practice of cesarean sections in order to identify the groups of women who had abnormally high rates. The objective of our study was to evaluate cesarean sections using the Robson’s classification in CHRACERH and in the Yaoundé Central Hospital (YCH). Methodology: We carried out a retrospective cross sectional and descriptive study in two (02) university hospitals in Yaoundé which took place from December 2017 to May 2018. We included in our study all women who gave birth over a period of two (02) years from January 2016 to December 2017 in these two health facilities. Our sampling was exhaustive over the study period. The parturients’ information was collected using an anonymous and pretested questionnaire. The Robson’s group of every parturient was determined. Descriptive parameters like mean and proportions were calculated. We compared the rates and indications of cesarean sections between the both hospitals using Chi2 test. Results: Out of 330 deliveries realized in CHRACERH, we had 90 cesarean sections;hence, a rate of 27.2%. Out of 1863 deliveries carried out at the YCH, 462 were by cesarean section, hence a rate of 24.8%. The women who belonged to groups 1, 3 and 5 contributed to the highest rates of cesarean sections in both hospitals: in CHRACERH, group 5 (31.1%), group 3 (20%) and group 1 (15.6%), at YCH: group 3 (22.5%), group 1 (21.6%) and group 5 (17.3%). The indications of the cesarean sections varied depending on the Robson’s group and the hospital, the principal indication in group 1 was acute fetal distress (28.6%) in CHRACERH and cephalopelvic disproportion (36.7%) at YCH. Cephalopelvic disproportion was the predominant indication in groups 3 of CHRACERH (44.4%) and YCH (39.2%). In groups 5, CHRACERH and of YCH, a scarred uterus was the principal indication for the cesarean section at 82.4% and 78.4% respectively. At CHRACERH, the maternofetal complications were more frequent in groups 1 and 2 at the YCH, this was the case mostly in groups 1 and 3. Conclusion: The Robson’s classification is an adequate tool for the evaluation and comparison of the rates of cesarean sections. The rates of cesarean section in CHRACERH (27.2%) and at YCH (24.8%) were higher than the rates recommended by WHO. Robson’s groups 1, 3 and 5 were identified as the groups most at risk for cesarean sections in the both hospitals.

Composition and Assemblage Characteristics of Magnetic Minerals in Layer S_(5-1) of Xifeng and Duanjiapo Sections

Relatively strongly magnetic fine components (<30μm, XS-4J and DS-4J) which are most environmentally sensitive were separated from layer S-{5-1} in the Xifeng and Duanjiapo loess sections and analyzed by MPV-3 for their morphometric characteristics and reflectance, SEM-ESD for their element contents and XRD for their mineral phases, respectively. The results showed that minerals in both samples are dominated by detrial Fe-Ti oxides of aeolian origin. In sample XS-4J the reflectance and iron contents of magnetic minerals are usually high. In addition to magnetite (Fe-3O-4), maghemite (γFe-2O-3) and hematite (Fe-2O-3), some Fe-high oxide ({72.25 wt%}-{86.67 wt%}), ilmenite (FeTiO-3), and magnetite-ulvspinel were also detected. In sample DS-4J obvious negative linear correlations were found between Ti and Fe, and the contents of Mn, Si, Al and Ca are usually high and the minerals are dominated by magnetite (maghemite), goethite (FeOOH) and limonite (containing Si and OH). In addition, the signs of corrosion of magnetic minerals and newly crystallized magnetite (maghemite) were recognized. Differences in the composition and assemblage characteristics of magnetite minerals between XS and DS reflect significant differences in source rocks and preserving conditions.

Piers－Harris儿童自我意识量表在湖南的修订

在湖南省有代表性的六个地区城乡分层随机采样８６４例，对Ｐｉｅｒｓ－Ｈａｒｒｉｓ儿童自我意识量表进行修订，修改过程中刚除８条不符合我国文化背景及不符合测量学要求的项目，制定了湖南省常模，经信度、效度检验，认为达到了测量学要求。

CFRP及EWSS复合加固震损双层高架桥框架式桥墩恢复力模型研究

为研究碳纤维布(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer,CFRP)及外包型钢(Externally Wrapped Steel Section,EWSS)复合加固震损双层高架桥框架式桥墩的恢复力模型,对1榀原型对比试件、1榀无预损加固试件和2榀遭受不同地震损伤加固试件进行了低周往复加载破坏试验,获取了滞回曲线并提取骨架曲线,分析其滞回特性,提出一种弹性段和强化段为双折线、下降段为指数函数且考虑初始损伤的骨架曲线模型;采用试验数据回归拟合方法,定量描述了试件滞回曲线卸载刚度的退化规律,考虑了同级加载承载力退化和定点指向特征,建立了恢复力模型。研究结果表明:复合加固试件滞回曲线捏缩现象明显,呈倒S型,各滞回环分别相交于骨架曲线上正向、负向荷载为屈服荷载0.25倍的点,峰值荷载后EWSS产生包辛格效应;所提出的骨架曲线模型对中度震损和重度震损加固试件下降段指数函数的参数k建议取值分别为3.6和3.4;所建立的骨架曲线模型和恢复力模型计算结果与试验实测结果吻合较好,可为该类结构弹塑性地震反应分析提供依据。

Comparison of Sexual Function in Primiparous Women Pre-Pregnancy and Postpartum: Difference of the Sexual Function after the Normal Vaginal Delivery and the Cesarean Section

Introduction: Sexual function is undoubtedly an important dimension of adult life. Due to all the conflicting results with regard to sexual function after the normal vaginal delivery (NVD) or the Cesarean Section (CS), in the present study, we aimed to compare the sexual function in women pre-pregnancy and postpartum and also after the NVD and CS. Materials and Methods: In this cohort study, two groups of healthy women, with antenatal normal pregnancies, who underwent NVD (n = 90) and CS (n = 113), were prospectively studied. The sexual function of the participants was assessed through a Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire in two stages: once before pregnancy and then within 3 to 6 months after delivery, which lasted from June 2011 to September 2012. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, and T Test. Results: Based on the data gathered from 206 women who completed the FSFI questionnaire in two stages, the mean (±SD) self-reported timing of the resumption of sexual activity was 8.9 ± 1.3. There was no significant statistical difference found between the two groups by timing of the resumption of sexual activity in NVD and CS groups. There was also no statistically significant difference found in the overall sexual function scores between the two groups (NVD vs. CS). The average score for female sexual function in desire, arousal, orgasm, and satisfaction within 3 to 6 months after delivery was significantly lower than that of their pre-pregnancy period (p < 0.004). The mean coitus in postpartum period was 1.84 ± 1.20 per week. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, there was no significant relationship between the mode of delivery and changes in sexual function. Therefore, it can be claimed that CS is not preferred to NVD with regard to preserving normal sexual functioning.

A Comparison between Supra-Scarpa’s Fascia Abdominoplasty and Traditional Abdominoplasty: Effect of Caesarian Section

Background: Abdominoplasty is still among the most popular surgeries in the world of cosmetic surgery, as many modifications have been implemented on this surgery to improve aesthetics and reduce the ratio of complication, especially seroma. Also, the duration to drain removal increases the risk of infection, and this can be avoided by preserving the Scarpa’s fascia. Methods: The study was performed from January 2018 to December 2020. The patients were divided into two groups: group A with patients who were performed in Supra-Scarpa’s fascia abdominoplasty, and group B who were performed in traditional abdominoplasty;then group A was divided into two subgroups (A1 with caesarean history and A2 with no caesarean history) that differ in caesarean history or not, while a comparison was done between the groups regarding early outcomes. Results: A total of 40 full abdominoplasties were preformed (group A, 19 patients;group B, 21 patients);then group A was divided into two subgroups (group A1, 13 patients;A2, 6 patients);we found that the time until drain removal and its drain output in group A is less with a statistical significance, and the seroma was less to happen in group A with no statistical significance. However, the operative time in group A is higher with statistical significance. In the subgroups A1 and A2, there was no statistically significant difference in the results. Conclusion: Preservation of the Scarpa’s fascia reduces the time until drain removal, total drain output and the occurrence of seroma and the caesarean scar doesn’t affect the efficacy of preserving the Scarpa’s fascia.

Unit 1 What’s the m atter?Section B 2a—2e教学设计及评析

[本课选自人教版义务教育课程标准实验教科书《英语》(新目标)八年级下册。]一、教材内容与分析本单元话题是健康与急救(Health and first aid).Section B是Section A主题的继续与延伸,由Section A侧重谈论疾病及不适转向对事故伤害、急救(first aid)的讨论;语言上,巩固Section A所学重点语言内容、词汇及表达,突出对步骤顺序的表达;技能上,侧重综合性的听、读、写的训练,尤其突出阅读.

Tomography for Q of the Eastern Section of the Tianshan Area from High-frequency Attenuation of S-wave

Based on the waveform data of 5,076 local earthquakes recorded at 25 stations in Xinjiang during the period from 2009 to 2014 and the observation reports provided by the Xinjiang Digital Seismic Network,a data set of 19,140 attenuation factors t*is obtained by fitting the high-frequency attenuation of S-wave spectra with a genetic algorithm. The spatial distribution of Q_S is determined by inverting the t*data with seismic tomography. The results show that the average Q0 in eastern Tianshan is 520,and there is a significant correlation between the Q_S value distribution or attenuation characteristics it disclosed and the surface structure of the study area. The Q_S value is lower in the intersection area of the mountain basin which is located on the north and south sides of the Tianshan Mountains,and the high Q_S distribution is more concentrated inside the Tianshan orogenic belt. The M≥6. 0 earthquakes have been basically located in the Low-Q_S region since 1900. 24 high heat flow points in eastern Tianshan are located at the north and south of Tianshan Mountains where low Q_S exists,indicating a negative correlation. In addition,there is a positive correlation between the velocity structure and the attenuation structure in the study area,which reflects the consistency of the 2-D attenuation structure with the velocity structure and the two-dimensional density structure.

Unit 7 It’s raining! Section B(2a-2c)阅读课教学设计与反思

授课对象：初二学生指导老师：原江西省教育厅教学教材研究室谭少虞江西省南昌市教科所肖君江西省南昌市东湖区教研中心高友明一、课例背景该课例是笔者参加2016年“第十三届中学骨干英语教师新课程教学高级研修班”教学成果评选活动的参赛课例,获初中组一等奖。

基于同步挤压S变换的谐振接地系统单相接地故障区段定位方法

谐振接地系统单相接地的故障特征微弱,故障区段难以定位。根据健全与故障区段电流低频能量差异大的特点,利用同步挤压S变换挤压、重组低频区段电流,增强故障特征辨识度;计算各区段能量比值,将能量比值最大的判为故障区段,提出基于同步挤压S变换的故障区段定位方法。以全频区段电流重组信号的峭度因子构建保护启动判据。不同故障条件影响下,大量PSCAD仿真测试了所提启动和区段定位方法的性能及可行性,现场数据验证了所提方法的有效性。

双S弯排气系统雷达吸波涂层应用的仿真计算

针对双S弯排气系统的雷达吸波涂层应用,采用弹跳射线法计算并分析了双S弯排气系统的散射源分布、涂覆雷达吸波涂层后雷达散射截面(RCS)缩减效果,以及雷达吸波涂层涂覆部位对双S弯喷管排气系统散射特性的影响。结果表明:典型双S弯排气系统的电磁散射特性存在明显的极化差异,其散射源主要分布在排气腔体终端结构、弯曲流道和喷管出口处,在相应部位涂覆雷达吸波涂层后在X波段、Ku波段的RCS减缩为78.0%、72.2%;在双S弯喷管排气系统中弯曲流道是强散射源之一且对总RCS贡献较大,在该位置涂覆雷达吸波涂层可有效降低排气系统的RCS;根据不同的涂覆方案,在X波段和Ku波段对应的RCS缩减分别为56.9%~78.0%、49.5%~72.2%。

西藏班公湖-怒江成矿带西段富铁矿与铜(金)矿C、Si、O、S和Pb同位素特征及地质意义

本文在大量的野外地质调查与室内研究的基础上,对班公湖-怒江成矿带西段的4个典型矿床———材玛矽卡岩型铁矿床、弗野矽卡岩型铁矿床、尕尔穷矽卡岩型铜金矿床和多不杂斑岩型铜金矿床的C、Si、O、S和Pb同位素特征进行了研究。δ30Si、δ18O的研究结果表明,石英主要为岩浆热液成因,δ13C、δ18O同位素的研究结果表明,与成矿有关的矽卡岩、磁铁矿大理岩中的碳除部分来源于海相碳酸盐岩的溶解外,主要来源于地幔,多不杂矿区的硫同位素研究结果表明成矿物质主要来自岩浆流体。多不杂和尕尔穷矿区岩石样品中的铅同位素研究显示其属于造山带构造环境,部分接近下地壳。因此,尕尔穷和多不杂矿区的铅同位素组成主要是班公湖-怒江成矿带在弧-陆碰撞造山过程中形成的。班公湖-怒江成矿带西段的区域成矿模式初步总结为早白垩世深源岩浆流体与二叠纪、三叠纪和白垩纪的海相碳酸盐岩接触的外接触带形成了矽卡岩型矿体,在与中侏罗统和下白垩统砂岩、粉砂岩接触处的内外接触带形成了斑岩型矿体。

基于迭代物理光学和等效边缘电流方法的S形进气道雷达散射截面研究

为了研究进口形状对S形进气道唇口边缘绕射场与其腔体内部散射场电磁特性的影响,在S形进气道偏心距、面积变化规律、中心线变化规律不变的条件下,采用迭代物理光学法(IPO)与等效边缘电流法(EEC)方法,对圆形、椭圆形、矩形、菱形、W形等5种不同进口形状的S形进气道进行了雷达散射截面(RCS)的数值分析。结果表明,进口形状对进气道的RCS特性影响较大;在较大的探测角范围内,W形进口S形进气道的RCS值明显低于其它进口形状的S进气道;菱形进口进气道的RCS在唇口未做修型S形进气道中最低。W形唇口修型可有效降低唇口边缘绕射场的RCS;而在负探测角时,斜切唇口修型可大大降低S形进气道总散射场的RCS。

亚鳞木属[Sublepidodendron(Nathorst)Hirmer,1927]的研究述评

亚鳞木属广泛分布于世界早石炭世地层中 ,其模式种奇异亚鳞木不但被视为欧美植物区泥盆纪末与石炭纪初之交的标志种 ,而且在中国还广泛出现于晚泥盆世 ,因此也被作为中国晚泥盆世晚期 (法门期 )植物化石组合带的首要成员。然而 ,由于以往亚鳞木属单凭叶座等外部形态性状来定义 ,所以人们对它的认识仍然局限于茎器官属 ,这妨碍了对亚鳞木属的真正分类位置和演化谱系的认识。文章通过对亚鳞木植物研究历史的回顾 ,分析了与其相关的古植物学家的分类观点 ,并从中发现了一些有待解决的问题。结合亚鳞木属的两个种无锡亚鳞木和松滋亚鳞木的解剖学和生殖器官的研究 ,作者得出以下主要认识 :1 )历史上的亚鳞木属缺乏明确的定义和必要的生物学属性研究 ;2 )亚鳞木属的定义需要重新厘定 ;3)无锡亚鳞木和松滋亚鳞木的解剖、生殖结构以及松滋亚鳞木和模式种奇异亚鳞木的分枝构造表明 ,亚鳞木属与石炭纪比较进化的鳞木目 (或广义水韭目 )中的木本石松植物关系更近 ,而与传统所认为的泥盆纪原始鳞木目中草本石松植物的关系较远。因此 ,文章将亚鳞木科和亚鳞木属从原始鳞木目中分离出来 ,归入广义的水韭目。亚鳞木属种的广泛出现进一步证实 ,石炭纪比较进化的木本石松植物在晚泥盆世 (距今约 3.7亿年 )已经演化成功 ,?

基于路德维格积分的目标RCS计算方法

用三角面元对目标进行建模 ,运用路德维格积分和物理绕射理论计算面元与棱边的电磁散射 ,最后得到目标的RCS。通过对方柱RCS的计算 ,验证了该方法的有效性 ,并给出了C波段和X波段不同极化和不同下视角的M

S波段高分辨宽幅SAR辐射定标及误差分析方法

合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统的辐射定标可以构建SAR图像与地物后向散射截面积(RCS)的关系,反演目标物理特性,满足SAR定量化遥感需求。相对于其它波段,S波段SAR的定量化遥感工作罕见报道。该文利用已知SAR及平台参数进行S波段SAR辐射定标处理,首先推得了图像像素值与目标后向散射系数的关系,接下来详细分析了各项误差对定标精度的影响,给出了天线指向误差对定标精度影响的解析表达式。该文的分析有利于建立各参数与辐射定标精度的关系,方便设计时候的误差分配。该文给出了草地、道路和平静水面的S波段后向散射截面积统计值。最终实际数据处理结果表明,该系统利用该定标方法可以在20°的视角范围内实现较高的绝对辐射精度。

超深水S型铺管的局部变形分析

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