The use of plant parts (leaves, flowers, stems, barks, roots etc.) in traditional medicine is increasingly gaining ground in modern medicine, as plant sources have long been recognized as sources of secondary metaboli...The use of plant parts (leaves, flowers, stems, barks, roots etc.) in traditional medicine is increasingly gaining ground in modern medicine, as plant sources have long been recognized as sources of secondary metabolites which can be used to treat a wide range of diseases. The effect of extracts of Justicia secunda leaves on red blood cells (RBC) count and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration was investigated in adult Sprague-Dawley rats to establish haematinic activity. Phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced anaemic rats were treated with water, methanol or ethyl acetate extracts at 200 mg/kg body weight. RBC counts and Hb concentration were analysed using a haematology analyser at 3-day intervals for 21 days. The extracts were compared with rats administered the haematinic tonic Feroglobin®?and vehicle-treated (normal saline). Rats administered the water extract exhibited the most significant increase (P ) in the number of RBCs and Hb concentration compared with the vehicle-treated PHZ-induced anaemic rats. Rats administered the methanol extract followed with significant increase (P ) in RBC counts and Hb concentration (J. secunda leaves has excellent haematinic properties and this provides the pharmacological basis of its use in Ghanaian traditional medicine for the treatment of anaemia.展开更多
<span style="line-height:1.5;">Natural plant products have been used by the population of the south-eastern part of C</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:1.5;">&...<span style="line-height:1.5;">Natural plant products have been used by the population of the south-eastern part of C</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:1.5;">ô</span><span style="line-height:1.5;">te d’Ivoire in the management of sickle cell anemia. </span><span style="line-height:1.5;">This study was aimed at investigating the antisickling activity of the hydro-ethanolic extract </span><span "="" style="line-height:1.5;"><span>of a combination of the leaves of </span><i><span>J</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>secunda</span></i><span>, </span><i><span>J</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>gossypiifolia</span></i></span><span style="line-height:1.5;"> a</span><span "="" style="line-height:1.5;"><span>nd </span><i><span>P</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>nigrescens</span></i><span>.</span></span><span style="line-height:1.5;"> These three plants species were used in the Ivorian traditional herbal medicine. Preliminary phytochemistry was carried out using standard methods. As for the sickling reversal test, the Hb SS blood sickling was induced with 2% sodium metabisulfite. After 120 minutes of incubation, the plant extract was added. Every 30 minutes for a period of 120 minutes, a drop of the prepared solution was observed at (40</span><span style="line-height:1.5;">×</span><span "="" style="line-height:1.5;"><span>) magnification and the percentage of reversion calculated. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Polyphenols, Catechic Tannins, Sterols and Polyterpenes. The results of the reversal test showed that the percentage of sickling reversal effect of the combination of the plants (75.00 ± 4.33</span><sup><span>b,c</span></sup><span>) was highly superior than the negative control (10.17 ± 0.55</span><sup><span>d</span></sup><span>) but was significantly (p < 0.05) the same as the percentage of the individual plant (</span><i><span>J</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>secunda</span></i><span>: 83.50 ± 2.33</span><sup><span>a</span></sup><span>;</span><i><span>J</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>gossypiifolia</span></i><span>: 78.00 ± 3.67</span><sup><span>b,c</span></sup><span> and </span><i><span>P</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>nigrescens</span></i><span>: 77.83 ± 2.89</span><sup><span>b,c</span></sup><span>) and the positive control (80.66 ± 2.22</span><sup><span>a,b</span></sup><span>). From the results, the extracts </span><i><span>J. secunda</span></i><span>, </span><i><span>J</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>gossypiifolia</span></i><span> and </span><i><span>P</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>nigrescens</span></i><span> have shown to be therapeutically beneficial to the population. Their use is also justified in the management of sickle cell disease in the south-eastern part of C</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:1.5;">ô</span><span style="line-height:1.5;">te d’Ivoire.展开更多
A new Epichloëspecies distributed in Africa,Europe,North America and South America on host genera Bromus,Festuca,Lolium and Poa is described.Stromata,characteristic of the genus,frequently occurred on the reprodu...A new Epichloëspecies distributed in Africa,Europe,North America and South America on host genera Bromus,Festuca,Lolium and Poa is described.Stromata,characteristic of the genus,frequently occurred on the reproductive tillers of Poa secunda subsp.juncifolia,but neither perithecia nor mature asci were observed.Conidiogenous cells and conidial characteristics were in the range of Epichloëtyphina.Regions of the genes encodingβ-tubulin(tub2)and translation elongation factor 1-α(tef1)were amplified and sequenced.Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences grouped the Poa secunda subsp.juncifolia endophyte into one group within a non-hybrid Epichloëspecies complex.On the basis of morphology,host range and evolutionary history we propose that this endophyte represents a new species of Epichloë.The name Epichloëpoae is proposed for this endophyte.The infectivity of the conidia produced on plants was evaluated.In the first experiment,using conidia of Epichloëpoae from leaves and endophytefree seeds of Poa secunda subsp.juncifolia we show that when germinating seeds and developing seedlings of the plant were exposed to conidia,28–57%of seedlings became infected by the endophyte.The non-inoculated control plants showed no colonization by the endophyte.In the following spring after vernalization,colonized plants on flowering culms produced stromata with conidia.In the second experiment,using stromal conidia and the same procedure,19–42%of seedlings of Poa secunda subsp.juncifolia became colonized by the endophyte.Our results demonstrate that Epichloëpoae may spread to uninfected grass hosts by conidia frequently formed on the surfaces of plant leaves as well as by conidia formed on stromata.展开更多
文摘The use of plant parts (leaves, flowers, stems, barks, roots etc.) in traditional medicine is increasingly gaining ground in modern medicine, as plant sources have long been recognized as sources of secondary metabolites which can be used to treat a wide range of diseases. The effect of extracts of Justicia secunda leaves on red blood cells (RBC) count and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration was investigated in adult Sprague-Dawley rats to establish haematinic activity. Phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced anaemic rats were treated with water, methanol or ethyl acetate extracts at 200 mg/kg body weight. RBC counts and Hb concentration were analysed using a haematology analyser at 3-day intervals for 21 days. The extracts were compared with rats administered the haematinic tonic Feroglobin®?and vehicle-treated (normal saline). Rats administered the water extract exhibited the most significant increase (P ) in the number of RBCs and Hb concentration compared with the vehicle-treated PHZ-induced anaemic rats. Rats administered the methanol extract followed with significant increase (P ) in RBC counts and Hb concentration (J. secunda leaves has excellent haematinic properties and this provides the pharmacological basis of its use in Ghanaian traditional medicine for the treatment of anaemia.
文摘<span style="line-height:1.5;">Natural plant products have been used by the population of the south-eastern part of C</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:1.5;">ô</span><span style="line-height:1.5;">te d’Ivoire in the management of sickle cell anemia. </span><span style="line-height:1.5;">This study was aimed at investigating the antisickling activity of the hydro-ethanolic extract </span><span "="" style="line-height:1.5;"><span>of a combination of the leaves of </span><i><span>J</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>secunda</span></i><span>, </span><i><span>J</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>gossypiifolia</span></i></span><span style="line-height:1.5;"> a</span><span "="" style="line-height:1.5;"><span>nd </span><i><span>P</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>nigrescens</span></i><span>.</span></span><span style="line-height:1.5;"> These three plants species were used in the Ivorian traditional herbal medicine. Preliminary phytochemistry was carried out using standard methods. As for the sickling reversal test, the Hb SS blood sickling was induced with 2% sodium metabisulfite. After 120 minutes of incubation, the plant extract was added. Every 30 minutes for a period of 120 minutes, a drop of the prepared solution was observed at (40</span><span style="line-height:1.5;">×</span><span "="" style="line-height:1.5;"><span>) magnification and the percentage of reversion calculated. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Polyphenols, Catechic Tannins, Sterols and Polyterpenes. The results of the reversal test showed that the percentage of sickling reversal effect of the combination of the plants (75.00 ± 4.33</span><sup><span>b,c</span></sup><span>) was highly superior than the negative control (10.17 ± 0.55</span><sup><span>d</span></sup><span>) but was significantly (p < 0.05) the same as the percentage of the individual plant (</span><i><span>J</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>secunda</span></i><span>: 83.50 ± 2.33</span><sup><span>a</span></sup><span>;</span><i><span>J</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>gossypiifolia</span></i><span>: 78.00 ± 3.67</span><sup><span>b,c</span></sup><span> and </span><i><span>P</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>nigrescens</span></i><span>: 77.83 ± 2.89</span><sup><span>b,c</span></sup><span>) and the positive control (80.66 ± 2.22</span><sup><span>a,b</span></sup><span>). From the results, the extracts </span><i><span>J. secunda</span></i><span>, </span><i><span>J</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>gossypiifolia</span></i><span> and </span><i><span>P</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>nigrescens</span></i><span> have shown to be therapeutically beneficial to the population. Their use is also justified in the management of sickle cell disease in the south-eastern part of C</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:1.5;">ô</span><span style="line-height:1.5;">te d’Ivoire.
基金supported in part by the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station and the Rutgers Turfgrass Science Center.
文摘A new Epichloëspecies distributed in Africa,Europe,North America and South America on host genera Bromus,Festuca,Lolium and Poa is described.Stromata,characteristic of the genus,frequently occurred on the reproductive tillers of Poa secunda subsp.juncifolia,but neither perithecia nor mature asci were observed.Conidiogenous cells and conidial characteristics were in the range of Epichloëtyphina.Regions of the genes encodingβ-tubulin(tub2)and translation elongation factor 1-α(tef1)were amplified and sequenced.Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences grouped the Poa secunda subsp.juncifolia endophyte into one group within a non-hybrid Epichloëspecies complex.On the basis of morphology,host range and evolutionary history we propose that this endophyte represents a new species of Epichloë.The name Epichloëpoae is proposed for this endophyte.The infectivity of the conidia produced on plants was evaluated.In the first experiment,using conidia of Epichloëpoae from leaves and endophytefree seeds of Poa secunda subsp.juncifolia we show that when germinating seeds and developing seedlings of the plant were exposed to conidia,28–57%of seedlings became infected by the endophyte.The non-inoculated control plants showed no colonization by the endophyte.In the following spring after vernalization,colonized plants on flowering culms produced stromata with conidia.In the second experiment,using stromal conidia and the same procedure,19–42%of seedlings of Poa secunda subsp.juncifolia became colonized by the endophyte.Our results demonstrate that Epichloëpoae may spread to uninfected grass hosts by conidia frequently formed on the surfaces of plant leaves as well as by conidia formed on stromata.
