Blockchain-Based Secure and Fair IoT Data Trading System with Bilateral Authorization

These days,data is regarded as a valuable asset in the era of the data economy,which demands a trading platform for buying and selling data.However,online data trading poses challenges in terms of security and fairness because the seller and the buyer may not fully trust each other.Therefore,in this paper,a blockchain-based secure and fair data trading system is proposed by taking advantage of the smart contract and matchmaking encryption.The proposed system enables bilateral authorization,where data trading between a seller and a buyer is accomplished only if their policies,required by each other,are satisfied simultaneously.This can be achieved by exploiting the security features of the matchmaking encryption.To guarantee non-repudiation and fairness between trading parties,the proposed system leverages a smart contract to ensure that the parties honestly carry out the data trading protocol.However,the smart contract in the proposed system does not include complex cryptographic operations for the efficiency of onchain processes.Instead,these operations are carried out by off-chain parties and their results are used as input for the on-chain procedure.The system also uses an arbitration protocol to resolve disputes based on the trading proof recorded on the blockchain.The performance of the protocol is evaluated in terms of off-chain computation overhead and on-chain gas consumption.The results of the experiments demonstrate that the proposed protocols can enable the implementation of a cost-effective data trading system.

Directed Acyclic Graph Blockchain for Secure Spectrum Sharing and Energy Trading in Power IoT

Peer-to-peer(P2P)spectrum sharing and energy trading are promising solutions to locally satisfy spectrum and energy demands in power Internet of Things(IoT).However,implementation of largescale P2P spectrum sharing and energy trading confronts security and privacy challenges.In this paper,we exploit consortium blockchain and Directed Acyclic Graph(DAG)to propose a new secure and distributed spectrum sharing and energy trading framework in power IoT,named spectrum-energy chain,where a set of local aggregators(LAGs)cooperatively confirm the identity of the power devices by utilizing consortium blockchain,so as to form a main chain.Then,the local power devices verify spectrum and energy micro-transactions simultaneously but asynchronously to form local spectrum tangle and local energy tangle,respectively.Moreover,an iterative double auction based micro transactions scheme is designed to solve the spectrum and energy pricing and the amount of shared spectrum and energy among power devices.Security analysis and numerical results illustrate that the developed spectrum-energy chain and the designed iterative double auction based microtransactions scheme are secure and efficient for spectrum sharing and energy trading in power IoT.

An Energy Trading Method Based on Alliance Blockchain and Multi-Signature

Blockchain,known for its secure encrypted ledger,has garnered attention in financial and data transfer realms,including the field of energy trading.However,the decentralized nature and identity anonymity of user nodes raise uncertainties in energy transactions.The broadcast consensus authentication slows transaction speeds,and frequent single-point transactions in multi-node settings pose key exposure risks without protective measures during user signing.To address these,an alliance blockchain scheme is proposed,reducing the resource-intensive identity verification among nodes.It integrates multi-signature functionality to fortify user resources and transac-tion security.A novel multi-signature process within this framework involves neutral nodes established through central nodes.These neutral nodes participate in multi-signature’s signing and verification,ensuring user identity and transaction content privacy.Reducing interactions among user nodes enhances transaction efficiency by minimizing communication overhead during verification and consensus stages.Rigorous assessments on reliability and operational speed highlight superior security performance,resilient against conventional attack vectors.Simulation shows that compared to traditional solutions,this scheme has advantages in terms of running speed.In conclusion,the alliance blockchain framework introduces a novel approach to tackle blockchain’s limitations in energy transactions.The integrated multi-signature process,involving neutral nodes,significantly enhances security and privacy.The scheme’s efficiency,validated through analytical assessments and simulations,indicates robustness against security threats and improved transactional speeds.This research underscores the potential for improved security and efficiency in blockchain-enabled energy trading systems.

Analysis of China’s Water Security and Virtual Water Trade

Producing goods and services all needs water consumption.The water used in the process of an agricultural or industrial product is called the"Virtual Water"contained in this product. Through international trade,water-scarce countries and regions could purchase water-intensive products--especially foods,from water-rich countries to balance their water deficits and achieve water safety.China is one of the 13 most water-deficit countries whose water safety have been severely challenged.This paper generalized the recent global research development and made a brief introduction about the methods calculating virtual water content in specific products.As a case study,we qualified China's annual virtual water flows from year 2000 to 2002 with trade in crops,and ended with some policy advice for application and practice of virtual water strategy.

Security Communication Model of Wireless Trade System

This paper proposes a C/S system model for K-Java and PDA named Net-Wireless.It is a discussion and proposal on information security and solutions for R-Java handsets and PDAsin wireless network. It also explains the scheme which between client security module and serversecurity module. Also, We have developed a Security Server and a K-Java encryption module fore-commerce system and other trade systems.

The Security Correction of Large Consumers Long-Term Direct Power Trading Based on DC Power Transfer Distribution Factor

The experiments of large consumers direct power trading is conducting in china nationwide, and it’s important to the reform of electricity market. To compensated efficiencies in security correction of large consumers direct power trading, a novel security correction method based on DC power transfer distribution factor was proposed. Using the presented method to comply security correction, all the transactions that satisfy the specific requirements of maximizing social welfare are able to enter security correction process, and when the power of transmission line is out of limit, this method avoid the transaction which causes this problem is abandoned directly by introducing supplement transactions. The simulation has shown that the proposed security correction method of large consumers direct power trading based on DC power transfer distribution factor is effective.

RAPID EXPANSION OF SECURITIES MARKET&ITS IMPACT ON ACCOUNTING PROFESSION

Ⅰ.EXPANSIONThe establishment of securities market in China has been considered one of its important and controversial economic reform policies.Billions of dollars of treasury bills,corporate bonds and shares have been issued and traded all over the nation.Securities exchanges were set up in Shanghai and Shenzhen by the end of 1990 and in early 1991.Since then,securities market in China has undergone rapid expansion.

Local Trade Networks among Farmers and Traders

Both farmers and traders benefit from trade networking, which is crucial for the local economy. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how these networks operate, and how they can be managed more effectively. Throughout this study, we examine the economic networks formed between farmers and traders through the trade of food products. These networks are analyzed from the perspective of their structure and the factors that influence their development. Using data from 18 farmers and 15 traders, we applied exponential random graph models. The results of our study showed that connectivity, Popularity Spread, activity spread, good transportation systems, and high yields all affected the development of networks. Therefore, farmers’ productivity and high market demand can contribute to local food-crop trade. The network was not affected by reciprocity, open markets, proximity to locations, or trade experience of actors. Policy makers should consider these five factors when formulating policies for local food-crop trade. Additionally, local actors should be encouraged to use these factors to improve their network development. However, it is important to note that these factors alone cannot guarantee success. Policy makers and actors must also consider other factors such as legal frameworks, economic policies, and resource availability. Our approach can be used in future research to determine how traders and farmers can enhance productivity and profit in West Africa. This study addresses a research gap by examining factors influencing local food trade in a developing country.

Research on Weighted Directed Dynamic Multiplexing Network of World Grain Trade Based on Improved MLP Framework

As the main food source for humans, the global movement of the three major grains significantly impacts human survival and development. To investigate the evolution of the world cereal trade network and its development trend, a weighted directed dynamic multiplexed network was established using historical data on cereal trade, cereal import dependency ratio, and arable land per capita. Inspired by the MLP framework, we redefined the weight determination method for computing layer weights and edge weights of the target layer, modified the CN, RA, AA, and PA indicators, and proposed the node similarity indicator for weighted directed networks. The AUC metric, which measures the accuracy of the algorithm, has also been improved in order to finally obtain the link prediction results for the grain trading network. The prediction results were processed, such as web-based presentation and community partition. It was found that the number of generalized trade agreements does not have a decisive impact on inter-country cereal trade. The former large grain exporters continue to play an important role in this trade network. In the future, the world trade in cereals will develop in the direction of more frequent intercontinental trade and gradually weaken the intracontinental cereal trade.

提升产业链供应链韧性和安全水平新思路——基于中间品贸易的分析

产业链供应链韧性和安全水平与中间品的供给保障有关。在全球产品内分工条件下,中间品贸易对于提升产业链供应链韧性和安全水平具有关键作用。近年来,美西方国家采取“断供”“断链”等手段,企图将中国排挤出高科技产业全球产业链供应链分工体系。由于一些科技含量较高的中间品缺乏可替代性或者可替代性相对较弱,美西方的“卡脖子”对我国产业链供应链安全产生严重影响。一方面,我们要加快实现高水平科技自立自强,尽快解决关键技术“卡脖子”问题,另一方面,通过高水平开放密切全球产业链供应链的合作关系,进一步提升“扎根”全球产品内分工的能力,并通过不断扩大中间品供给的来源空间,加快推动产业链供应链的多元化,持续提升产业链供应链的国内配套能力,以及深化开放层次,为提升我国产业链供应链韧性和安全水平提供制度保障。

全球生物柴油产业发展现状及其对我国植物油安全的影响

近年来,全球生物柴油产业快速发展,用于生产生物柴油的植物油消费量持续增加,对我国植物油供给稳定造成影响。对全球生物柴油整体发展情况、生物柴油产业发展影响因素、主要生产国生物柴油政策、生物柴油产业发展前景等进行研究,分析了全球生物柴油产业发展对我国植物油安全的影响,并提出相关建议。生物柴油产业发展改变了全球植物油消费结构、贸易流向,对我国油脂油料进口构成威胁,影响我国植物油供给安全。建议发展中国特色的生物柴油产业,提高我国油脂油料自给率,推动植物油多元化进口,确保我国植物油供给安全,同时呼吁生物柴油生产国优先保障食用消费,合理发展生物柴油。

基于可持续发展视角我国稀土资源贸易安全评价研究

稀土是支撑高端技术创新和新兴产业发展的关键矿产资源,已经成为大国资源竞争和国际地缘经济政治博弈的重要对象。全球稀土供应链重构进程加剧,如何评估我国稀土资源贸易安全,破解稀土贸易贫困化增长困境,促进稀土产业可持续发展,是当前亟须关注和解决的重要课题。本研究基于“压力—状态—响应”模型(Pressure-State-Response Model)构建稀土贸易安全评价指标体系,测算不同时期我国稀土资源的压力指数、状态指数、响应指数,揭示我国稀土贸易安全指数演变特征,进一步建立多元线性回归模型,识别我国稀土贸易安全的影响因素。研究发现:我国稀土资源贸易安全度在持续下降,亟需优化贸易结构,降低供应链风险;我国稀土资源贸易的驱动因素主要来源于市场需求牵引、资源禀赋优势以及产业有序供给;全球稀土产业分工格局、资源价值核算方法缺失,限制了我国稀土资源贸易可持续发展。在此基础上,提出通过健全稀土资源收储体系、建设再生稀土研发和回收网络等方式,保障战略性稀土资源供给安全;同时,整合稀土行业优势资源与优化稀土产业链及供应链,深度参与全球稀土供应链治理,为我国稀土资源开发利用与可持续发展提供决策依据。

基于电网线路传输安全的电力市场分布式交易模型研究

电力市场分布式交易模型可有效缓解传统集中模型下市场主体的隐私安全等问题,但难以在保障市场主体收益和电力系统安全稳定运行的同时,实现社会福利最大化.因此,基于电网线路传输安全,首先以社会福利最大化为目标,构建集中式交易模型,并采用拉格朗日乘子法和对偶定理,将其等价分解为各市场主体自身利益最大化的分布式交易模型.在此基础上,设计2种适用于不同情形的分布式交易方法及其求解算法,并构造电网安全成本影响市场主体的决策,从而保证电网线路传输安全.最后,基于算例分析,验证了2种交易方法的有效性.

自由化与壁垒:日本经贸规则的策略性调整

国家(经济体)的经贸规则既包括所签署的贸易协定,也包括与进出口贸易和投资相关的法律法规。日本以提高产业国际竞争力为前提开展自由贸易,并形成在国际贸易体系下,以利于产业生存与发展为前提,推动贸易投资自由化的贸易政策范式,为日本调整经贸规则提供了方向和目标。日本通过调整经贸规则,为实施战略性贸易政策提供制度保障和工具。日本政府一方面高举“自由贸易”旗帜开展巨型EPA/FTA战略,构建多重经济合作网络,为企业提供海外发展所需的制度基础和市场环境;另一方面以“国家安全”为名修改《外汇法》、制定《经济安全保障推进法》,强化货物、服务、技术的进出口和投资规制,为实施贸易保护提供政策工具,形成新壁垒。这一策略性组合是在新约束条件下实施战略性贸易政策的新表现和采用的新工具。

全球农业贸易规则演变与中国粮食安全战略

当前,全球农业贸易规则正从多边治理向多边—双边双重治理转换、由低标准治理向高标准治理提升、由边境规则向边境内规则拓展、由规则协调刚性向包容并蓄转变,这是全球地缘政治经济格局变动下国家竞争的结果。文章重点考察了农业贸易规则演变对中国粮食安全的影响。研究发现,农业市场准入规则加剧了粮食贸易逆差,投资规则可能诱发跨国公司在华垄断,高标准SPS规则降低了农产品竞争力,而知识产权保护、环境保护、电子商务、竞争中性等边境内规则对中国粮食安全产生了多重影响。在此基础上,文章从构建全球自由贸易区网络、主动对接和积极构建农业贸易规则、构建竞争有序的粮食市场体系、加强外商投资的引导与监管、加快培育国内粮食龙头企业、完善粮食安全应急保障机制等六个方面提出强化粮食安全的战略举措。

农产品国际贸易新格局形成中的中国因素

与2000年相比,2021年农产品国际贸易的产品集中度和国别集中度双双下降,发展中经济体扮演了更重要的角色。实证研究表明:从2000年到2021年,中国是全球农产品国际贸易新格局形成的重要推动力量。中国对全球农产品国际贸易规模增量的贡献为9.45%,降低了可贸易农产品的产品集中度和地理集中度,重构了全球农产品国际贸易的地理方向,提高了发展中国家在农产品国际贸易中的地位。另外,中国践行“确保谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全”的新粮食安全观,遏制了谷物进口的过快增长,从而对稳定谷物国际贸易格局、维护世界粮食安全发挥了重要作用。

《尼日利亚数据保护法》解读与中国企业应对

尼日利亚高度重视本国数字经济发展,提出多项倡议规划发展前路。中国诸多数字贸易企业进入尼日利亚市场开展业务,并取得显著成就。《尼日利亚数据保护法》的发布,表明尼日利亚当局对个人信息保护的重视,也使在尼日利亚中国数字贸易企业在保障数据主体权利以及合规开展跨境数据流动等方面面临新要求新挑战。本文聚焦该法,通过解释研读该法的重要条款细则及与欧盟《通用数据保护条例》《中华人民共和国数据安全法》和《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》等法规的不同,分析中国在尼日利亚开展数字贸易企业在“数据安全”“数据主体权利”“跨境数据流动”等条款下受到的影响,并针对性地就以上几方面为企业提出应对策略,以此助力中国企业在尼日利亚合规合法运营和发展数字贸易业务。

区块链证券市场应用之风险防控法律规制

区块链技术在互联网时代以其去中心化、安全性、稳定性等特点提高了证券市场的交易效率,节省了交易成本,但同时也冲击着传统的证券法律规范,对证券市场的监管提出了新挑战。基于此,我国应深入剖析当前区块链技术的规制政策及不足,积极借鉴区块链技术的国际经验,在大力发展区块链技术的同时,更要引导区块链技术在证券市场合理有序的发展;既要完善区块链相关立法,加强区块链证券交易用户的权益保护,也要借鉴“监管沙盒”理念提高区块链证券市场监管能力,以期达到区块链技术创新和证券市场安全有序发展的平衡。

论中美证券市场内幕交易的罪与罚——以美国高盛独董入狱与中国证监会36亿罚单为视角

在资本市场中不正当利用信息时间差以趋利减损的内幕交易行为,侵蚀了资本市场的公平、公正、公开三原则,扰乱了资本市场运作的正常秩序,是各国证券监管机构重点打击的对象。本文从两个影响巨大的内幕交易案出发,探讨中美两国规制内幕交易法律体系的差异。随着新《证券法》的施行,我国内幕交易监管与处罚体系将不断发展与完善。但是内幕交易基础理论“平等获得信息原则”与董事高管“信义义务原则”是重叠适用,还是特定排他适用;内幕交易“推定成立”的法律渊源等级是否应提升;是否应授予行政裁决与司法审判不同的“自由裁量权范围”等问题,尚无定论,本文在比较借鉴的基础上进一步探讨研究。

无息借款与受贿罪的成立

关于国家工作人员向他人无息借款是否成立受贿罪,我国刑法及司法解释均无明确规定,实践中对此类案件的定性也存在较大分歧。化解分歧的关键是准确把握受贿罪“权钱交易”之本质。无息借款中被免去的利息能够被评价为刑法意义上的财物。对“为他人谋取利益”的认定,应以一般人观念为判断基准,结合借贷双方的关系、利息数额的大小及借贷双方与他人的借款情况等因素,综合判断“无息借款中免去的利息”与“为他人谋取利益”是否存在对价关系。若对价关系成立,实行的着手应具体情况具体判断:退还或免除利息、约定或推定无息、特定关系人借款的着手时点分别为接收财物或作出意思表示时、借款合同生效时、可能退还或上交财物的最初时点。若对价关系不成立,则无息借款属正常的民间借贷行为。