Security Concerns with IoT Routing: A Review of Attacks, Countermeasures, and Future Prospects

Today’s Internet of Things (IoT) application domains are widely distributed, which exposes them to several security risks and assaults, especially when data is being transferred between endpoints with constrained resources and the backbone network. Numerous researchers have put a lot of effort into addressing routing protocol security vulnerabilities, particularly regarding IoT RPL-based networks. Despite multiple studies on the security of IoT routing protocols, routing attacks remain a major focus of ongoing research in IoT contexts. This paper examines the different types of routing attacks, how they affect Internet of Things networks, and how to mitigate them. Then, it provides an overview of recently published work on routing threats, primarily focusing on countermeasures, highlighting noteworthy security contributions, and drawing conclusions. Consequently, it achieves the study’s main objectives by summarizing intriguing current research trends in IoT routing security, pointing out knowledge gaps in this field, and suggesting directions and recommendations for future research on IoT routing security.

Analysis of Software Development and Operation Measures from the Perspective of Security Technology

Security technology is crucial in software development and operation in the digital age. Secure software can protect user privacy and data security, prevent hacker attacks and data breaches, ensure legitimate business operations, and protect core assets. However, the development process often faces threats such as injection attacks, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), and Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF), mainly due to code vulnerabilities, configuration errors, and risks from third-party components. To meet these challenges, this paper discusses the application of security technology in development and operation, emphasizing security requirements analysis, design principles, coding practices, and testing during the development phase. Along with focusing on environmental configuration, continuous monitoring, emergency response, disaster recovery, and regular auditing and updating during the operation phase. These measures can significantly enhance the security of software systems and protect user and corporate data.

Analysis of Security Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures of Ethernet Passive Optical Network(EPON)

Ethernet-based Passive Optical Network(EPON) is considered a very promising solution for the first mile problem of the next generation networks.Due to its particular characteristic of shared media structure,EPON suffers many security vulnerabilities. Communication security must be guaranteed when EPON is applied in practice.This paper gives a general introduction to the EPON system,analyzes the potential threats and attacks pertaining to the EPON system,and presents effective countermea-sures against these threats and attacks with emphasis on the authentication protocols and key distribution.

A Review of Anomaly Detection Systems in Cloud Networks and Survey of Cloud Security Measures in Cloud Storage Applications

Cloud computing has become one of the most projecting words in the IT world due to its design for providing computing service as a utility. The typical use of cloud computing as a resource has changed the scenery of computing. Due to the increased flexibility, better reliability, great scalability, and decreased costs have captivated businesses and individuals alike because of the pay-per-use form of the cloud environment. Cloud computing is a completely internet dependent technology where client data are stored and maintained in the data center of a cloud provider like Google, Amazon, Apple Inc., Microsoft etc. The Anomaly Detection System is one of the Intrusion Detection techniques. It’s an area in the cloud environment that is been developed in the detection of unusual activities in the cloud networks. Although, there are a variety of Intrusion Detection techniques available in the cloud environment, this review paper exposes and focuses on different IDS in cloud networks through different categorizations and conducts comparative study on the security measures of Dropbox, Google Drive and iCloud, to illuminate their strength and weakness in terms of security.

Personality Traits and Cognitive Determinants——An Empirical Investigation of the Use of Smartphone Security Measures

In the last years, increasing smartphones’ capabilities have caused a paradigm shift in the way of users’ view and using mobile devices. Although researchers have started to focus on behavioral models to explain and predict human behavior, there is limited empirical research about the influence of smartphone users’ individual differences on the usage of security measures. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of individual differences on cognitive determinants of behavioral intention to use security measures. Individual differences are measured by the Five-Factor Model;cognitive determinants of behavioral intention are adapted from the validated behavioral models theory of planned behavior and technology acceptance model. An explorative, quantitative survey of 435 smartphone users is served as data basis. The results suggest that multiple facets of smartphone user’s personalities significantly affect the cognitive determinants, which indicate the behavioral intention to use security measures. From these findings, practical and theoretical implications for companies, organizations, and researchers are derived and discussed.

Problems of Ecological Security in Coal Mines and Countermeasures

Disordered mining activities have destroyed ecosystem of coal mines and threatened local ecological security. Ecological security problems in coal mines mainly involve pollution, biology, ecosystem and landscape. To solve these problems, this study gave countermeasures from the perspective of policy management, technical support and public participation, especially public participation helps restore the damaged eco-environment and guarantee ecological security of coal

Analysis of Grain Storage Security Countermeasures under the New Normal Condition with "Grain Storage Technology" as the Core

Grain storage security is big issue related to national economy and the people＇s livelihood, as well as one of the most important strategic requirements in China. Under the background of grain supply-side structural reform, this paper analyzed the grain storage security countermeasures under the new normal conditions with ＂grain storage technology＂, one of the national grain security strategies of China during the 13th Five-year Plan, as the guiding ideology, from the perspectives of scientific technologies, policy supports, government supports and talent construction, so as to provide supports for the storage enterprises with vulnerable technological links. In addition, the food security issues discussed in this paper could be a helping hand in improving people＇s living quality, enhancing grain storage ecological quality, promoting grain green storage quality security, and be of important and profound strategic significance to enhance the macro-control capability of the government, maintain social stability and people＇s health.

Impact of Climate Change on Ecological Security of the Yellow River Basin and Its Adaptation Countermeasures

The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is not only an important ecological barrier in north China,but also an important agricultural production base and energy base in China,playing a very important role in China’s economic and social development and ecological security.Under the combined actions of climate change and human activities,a series of ecological and environmental problems have emerged in the YRB,including degradation of glaciers and frozen soil,shortage of water resources,land desertification,aggravated soil and water loss,frequent floods and droughts,and reducing biodiversity.Warmer and wetter climate over the upper reaches and warmer and drier one in the middle and lower reaches have profoundly affected the ecological security of the YRB.In the future,the temperature in the YRB will continue to rise,extreme events will increase and the climate pattern of drought and water shortage will not be changed fundamentally,which will make the basin face more severe ecological security risks.For the current ecological problems and future ecological security risk challenges,it is necessary and urgent to take adaptive measures to deal with climate change and protect the ecological environment.The measures mainly include:strengthening the scientific research on the impact of climate change and extreme events on the ecological environment of the YRB and improving the ability of climate change risk management;strengthening the water conservation and protection in the upper reaches,the management of desert and soil erosion in the middle reaches and the ecological protection of water resources and wetlands in the lower reaches in the YRB and;collaborating with multiple departments to jointly tackle the ecological security challenges brought by climate change.

An Investigative Study for Smart Home Security: Issues, Challenges and Countermeasures

Home security should be a top concern for everyone who owns or rents a home. Moreover, safe and secure residential space is the necessity of every individual as most of the family members are working. The home is left unattended for most of the day-time and home invasion crimes are at its peak as constantly monitoring of the home is difficult. Another reason for the need of home safety is specifically when the elderly person is alone or the kids are with baby-sitter and servant. Home security system i.e. HomeOS is thus applicable and desirable for resident’s safety and convenience. This will be achieved by turning your home into a smart home by intelligent remote monitoring. Smart home comes into picture for the purpose of controlling and monitoring the home. It will give you peace of mind, as you can have a close watch and stay connected anytime, anywhere. But, is common man really concerned about home security? An investigative study was done by conducting a survey to get the inputs from different people from diverse backgrounds. The main motivation behind this survey was to make people aware of advanced HomeOS and analyze their need for security. This paper also studied the necessity of HomeOS investigative study in current situation where the home burglaries are rising at an exponential rate. In order to arrive at findings and conclusions, data were analyzed. The graphical method was employed to identify the relative significance of home security. From this analysis, we can infer that the cases of having kids and aged person at home or location of home contribute significantly to the need of advanced home security system. At the end, the proposed system model with its flow and the challenges faced while implementing home security systems are also discussed.

Countermeasures for Establishing a Long-term Security Mechanism for Landless Farmers

In the process of urbanization,farmers will inevitably lose their land,which is resulted from the large-scale requisition of rural collective land.The imperfect social security system in rural areas has resulted in a large number of landless farmers being transformed into urban poor people.Therefore,proper resettlement of landless farmers and the establishment of a long-term security mechanism for ensuring the basic livelihood of landless farmers are important issues that need to be resolved in the process of China’s social and economic development.

HealthMeasures患者报告结局报告清单的解读

美国匹兹堡大学和HealthMeasures指导委员会及PROMIS健康组织标准委员会共同发表了HealthMeasures患者报告结局报告清单,旨在促进不同患者报告结局测量工具的标准化报告,帮助研究人员提高工具报告质量及结果解释的准确性,进一步改善跨研究间的比较分析。本文对HealthMeasures患者报告结局报告清单的主要内容进行介绍和解读,以期为中国患者报告结局研究者提供参考和借鉴。

Research on computer network security measures

With the rapid development of the computer network technologies, in the application of the computer networks, the importance of the network security is becoming increasingly prominent, and computer network security issues have received more and more attention of the communities. In the face of the problems of the security hidden trouble in the computer network, it is essential to take the relevant measures to ensure the safety of the computer network. With the computer network security as the breakthrough point, this paper discusses the precautionary measures of the computer network security based on the analysis of the computer network security, in order to illustrate the importance of the computer network security, to provide references for ensuring the security of the computer network.

Development Status and Industrial Security Countermeasures of Maize Deep-processing Industry in Shandong Province--Based on the Actual Investigation in Five Cities and Counties of Shandong Province

Corn deep processing industry is an important follow-up industry for corn production and processing. Shandong has numerous largescale corn processing enterprises and is one of the fast-growing regions in China for deep processing of corn. The status of production and processing of corn in the major corn-producing areas of Shandong Province such as Dezhou,Liaocheng and Tai'an was investigated on the spot. It was found that the development of the corn industry in Shandong also has many problems,such as the mismatch between corn demand and production areas,the excessively small planting area of special corn and the poor communication between technology and demand,resulting in barriers in technology and raw materials in the production and processing links of corn and making it difficult to form a complete industrial chain system. According to the actual investigation,a highly efficient agricultural industry safety review mechanism was established based on the sound judgement of industrial safety to ensure the safety of the company's development,and at the same time,the interpretation and promotion of the strategy of going abroad was strengthened,so as to provide a full range of information services for corn processing enterprises and help to further develop and optimize the corn industry in Shandong.

China-Japan Security Relations and China＇s Countermeasures

Security relations are crucial in China-Japan relations. Since the"nationalization"of the Diaoyu Islands by Japan in 2012, mutual trust between China and Japan has been declining, and bilateral security relations have reached a low point. China-Japan security relations are typified by ongoing dispute over the Diaoyu Islands, lack of mutual trust exacerbated by various actions by Japan, and the delay of China-Japan security dialogues. The evolution of China-Japan security relations derived from the Diaoyu Islands dispute is clearly beyond the scope of the dispute itself, with deep-rooted internal and external factors. In the near future,China-Japan security relations will face more challenges than opportunities. China should take measures, including enhancing mutual trust in politics and security between the two countries, to impose necessary pressure on Japan to change course, to win over neighboring countries so as to avoid pretext for Japan's intervention in regional issues,and to strengthen interpersonal communication and understanding between people of the two countries in order to stabilize security relations.

Repositioning fertilizer manufacturing subsidies for improving food security and reducing greenhouse gas emissions in China

China removed fertilizer manufacturing subsidies from 2015 to 2018 to bolster market-oriented reforms and foster environmentally sustainable practices.However,the impact of this policy reform on food security and the environment remains inadequately evaluated.Moreover,although green and low-carbon technologies offer environmental advantages,their widespread adoption is hindered by prohibitively high costs.This study analyzes the impact of removing fertilizer manufacturing subsidies and explores the potential feasibility of redirecting fertilizer manufacturing subsidies to invest in the diffusion of these technologies.Utilizing the China Agricultural University Agri-food Systems model,we analyzed the potential for achieving mutually beneficial outcomes regarding food security and environmental sustainability.The findings indicate that removing fertilizer manufacturing subsidies has reduced greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions from agricultural activities by 3.88 million metric tons,with minimal impact on food production.Redirecting fertilizer manufacturing subsidies to invest in green and low-carbon technologies,including slow and controlled-release fertilizer,organic-inorganic compound fertilizers,and machine deep placement of fertilizer,emerges as a strategy to concurrently curtail GHG emissions,ensure food security,and secure robust economic returns.Finally,we propose a comprehensive set of government interventions,including subsidies,field guidance,and improved extension systems,to promote the widespread adoption of these technologies.

Information Security in the Cloud: Emerging Trends and Challenges

This article explores the evolution of cloud computing, its advantages over traditional on-premises infrastructure, and its impact on information security. The study presents a comprehensive literature review covering various cloud infrastructure offerings and security models. Additionally, it deeply analyzes real-life case studies illustrating successful cloud migrations and highlights common information security threats in current cloud computing. The article concludes by offering recommendations to businesses to protect themselves from cloud data breaches and providing insights into selecting a suitable cloud services provider from an information security perspective.

A simplified approach to the basic principle of security measures onboard ships

There are many reasons whymerchant ships make desirable targetsfor pirates and terrorists as well as aconvenient means of transport for thestowaway. Criminal activity in the form ofsuch threats is quickly becoming one ofthe greatest threats to ships and

Optimum Spending on Cybersecurity Measures: Part II

The purpose of this research is to investigate the decision-making process for cybersecurity investments in organizations through development and utilization of a digital cybersecurity risk management framework. The initial article, Optimum Spending on Cybersecurity Measures is published on Emerald Insight at: https://www.emerald.com/insight/1750-6166.htm, contains the detailed literature review, and the data results from Phase I and Phase II of this research REF _Ref61862658 \r \h \* MERGEFORMAT [1]. This article will highlight the research completed in the area of organizational decision-making on cybersecurity spend. In leveraging the review of additional studies, this research utilizes a regression framework and case study methodology to demonstrate that effective risk-based decisions are necessary when implementing cybersecurity controls. Through regression analysis, the effectiveness of current implemented cybersecurity measures in organizations is explored when connecting a dependent variable with several independent variables. The focus of this article is on the strategic decisions made by organizations when implementing cybersecurity measures. This research belongs to the area of risk management, and various models within the field of 1) information security; 2) strategic management; and 3) organizational decision-making to determine optimum spending on cybersecurity measures for risk taking organizations. This research resulted in the development of a cyber risk investment model and a digital cybersecurity risk management framework. Using a case study methodology, this model and framework were leveraged to evaluate and implement cybersecurity measures. The case study methodology provides an in-depth view of a risk-taking organization’s risk mitigation strategy within the bounds of the educational environment focusing on five areas identified within a digital cyber risk model: 1) technology landscape and application portfolio; 2) data centric focus; 3) risk management practices; 4) cost-benefit analysis for cybersecurity measures; and 5) strategic development. The outcome of this research provides greater insight into how an organization makes decisions when implementing cybersecurity controls. This research shows that most organizations are diligently implementing security measures to effectively monitor and detect cyber security attacks, specifically showing that risk taking organizations implemented cybersecurity measures to meet compliance and audit obligations with an annual spend of $3.18 million. It also indicated that 23.6% of risk-taking organizations incurred more than 6 cybersecurity breaches with an average dollar loss of $3.5 million. In addition, the impact of a cybersecurity breach on risk taking organizations is as follows: 1) data loss; 2) brand/reputational impact; 3) financial loss fines; 4) increase oversight by regulators/internal audit; and 5) customer/client impact. The implication this research has on practice is extensive, as it focuses on a broad range of areas to include risk, funding and type and impact of cyber security breaches encountered. The survey study clearly demonstrated the need to develop and utilize a digital cybersecurity risk management framework to integrate current industry frameworks within the risk management practice to include continuous compliance management. This type of framework would provide a balanced approach to managing the gap between a risk-taking organization and a risk averse organization when implementing cybersecurity measures.

Security Challenges and Countermeasures for the Heterogeneity of IoT Applications

The Internet of Things (IoT) enables the integration of data from virtual and physical worlds. It involves smart objects that can understand and react to their environment in a variety of industrial, commercial and household settings. As the IoT expands the number of connected devices, there is the potential to allow cyber-attackers into the physical world in which we live, as they seize on security holes in these new systems. New security issues arise through the heterogeneity of IoT applications and devices and their large-scale deployment.

Security in Edge Blockchains:Attacks and Countermeasures

Edge blockchains,the blockchains running on edge computing infrastructures,have attracted a lot of attention in recent years.Thanks to data privacy,scalable computing resources,and distributed topology nature of edge computing,edge blockchains are considered promising solutions to facilitating future blockchain applications.However,edge blockchains face unique security issues caused by the de⁃ployment of vulnerable edge devices and networks,including supply chain attacks and insecure consensus offloading,which are mostly not well studied in previous literature.This paper is the first survey that discusses the attacks and countermeasures of edge blockchains.We first summarize the three-layer architecture of edge blockchains:blockchain management,blockchain consensus,and blockchain lightweight cli⁃ent.We then describe seven specific attacks on edge blockchain components and discuss the countermeasures.At last,we provide future re⁃search directions on securing edge blockchains.This survey will act as a guideline for researchers and developers to design and implement se⁃cure edge blockchains.