Chemostratigraphic Characterization Tests on Sedimentary Formations in the Côte D’Ivoire Offshore Basin: Case of A-X and B-X Wells

The tests performed with two hundred and thirty-nine (239) samples from the A-X and B-X drillings help to know their sedimentological and chemostratigraphic characters. In sedimentological term formations are composed of sand, sandstone, limestone, siltstone and argillite that alternate along the drill. In chemostratigraphic term two megasequences (MS1 and MS2) have been identified. A correlation of chemostratigraphic data completed by the lithology results allowed a subdivision of oil wells that shows two main types of deposits environments. First, a proximal marine environment to continental and to Albian marked by a detrital flow deducted from the concentrations evolution of indicator elements of terrigenous material that are K, Mg, and Rb. On the other hand, a deep to shallow marine environment of Cenomanian to Paleocene marked by the presence of predominantly clay sediments and abundant glauconite in the lower Senonian. Nevertheless, there is a transition or intermediate environment that is characterized by the presence of glauconite and detrital flows.

Benefciation studies on recovery and in-depth characterization of ilmenite from red sediments of badlands topography of Ganjam District,Odisha,India

This paper deals with the recovery of ilmenite mineral from red sediments of badlands topography and suggested flowsheet with material balance.The results of these investigations reveal that the red sediment samples contain 33.2%total heavy mineral,in which ilmenite mineral concentrate is 28.71%(by weight).The ilmenite concentrate recovered from red sediment sample by physical benefciation process,which included scrubbing,desliming,gravity concentration,magnetic and electrostatic separation,contains 99.41%grade with 97.3%recovery.The ilmenite mineral concentrate recovered from red sediments is also suitable for industrial applications.The characterization studies on ilmenite reveal that the TiO2percentage is marginally increasing from 46.69%to 47.86%with increasing magnetic intensity from0.46 to 1.55 T.

Beneficiation and Characterization of Detrital Zircons from Beach Sand and Red Sediments in India

This paper deals with the recovery of zircon minerals from beach sand and red sediments of bad land topography and flow sheets with material balance are suggested. The experimental data reveal that the total heavy mineral content of red sediment sample is 43.9% in which zircon mineral concentrate is 2.75% by weight, where as for beach-dune sand sample the THM content is 16.7% in which zircon mineral concentrate is 0.16% by weight. It is found that U and Th and REE elements contents are much higher in red sediment zircon sample than beach sand zircon. Zircon concentrates recovered from beach-dune sand and red sediments contain 98 to 98.1% zircon with 79.6 to 80% recovery respectively. These zircon minerals from both the sources are suitable for industrial applications.

Characterizing Lake Bottom Sediments Using Marine Geophysical Tools

Missouri is a state with rich karst terrain. Geotechnical evaluation of foundation design for bridges and dams requires an understanding of the characteristics of subsurface geological environment, including sediments, bedrock and benthic habitat. It is crucial that the community empowers itself with the knowledge of the karst system’s characteristics in order to potentially use it as a source of water and drainage, but also to avoid the disaster of building constructions too close to vulnerable land on top of massive karst caverns. Electrical resistivity tomography profiling (underwater cables), and continuous resistivity profiling (towed cable) surveys were conducted to characterize the lake sediments (rock and soil) beneath the man-made Little Prairie Lake, in Central of Missouri State, United States. Electrical resistivity (with marine cables and towed cable) was used to determine variability in the lithology and thickness of sediments (soil and rock) beneath the lake with conjunction of echo sounder in order to calculate water depth. Side scan sonar was used to map the variations in the lithology/nature of exposed lakebed sediments and to locate the potential hazard of trees. On land, electrical resistivity tomography was used with multi-channel analysis of surface wave method to determine sediments, joints, and the depth of bedrock. Analyses of the acquired data revealed the location and orientation of the original stream channels (prior to the construction of the earth fill dam). Underwater electrical resistivity tomography and continuous resistivity profiling determined joints, sediments, and bedrock underneath water bodies. Integrated marine geophysical tools help to evaluate the subsurface prior to any construction project (dam or bridge), are useful in determining the characteristics of lithology (fractured rock, intact rock and soil), and make it possible to map benthic habitat and the submerged potential hazards of trees on the lakebed as well as accurately measuring water depth.

生物碎屑砂运动特性研究进展

生物碎屑砂是海洋沉积物的重要组成部分,运动特性是研究其沉积过程的关键。从生物碎屑砂的特性出发,归纳出形状和内孔隙这2个对泥沙运动产生影响的主要特性。分别从沉降、起动和岸滩演变的实验研究出发,剖析了生物碎屑砂特性对泥沙运动特性产生的影响。现有研究只探究了形状对单颗粒生物碎屑砂运动的影响,缺乏对群颗粒运动的探讨。受限于研究手段,缺少讨论内孔隙特性对生物碎屑砂运动产生的影响。未来应结合海洋水动力条件,综合考虑生物碎屑砂形状和内孔隙特性,开展生物碎屑砂运动特性研究,量化生物碎屑砂特性产生的影响,将成果运用于实际,预测生物碎屑沉积环境中的岸滩地貌演变。

An assessment of paleodepositional environment and maturity of organic matter in sediments of the Setap Shale and Belait formations in West Sabah,East Malaysia by organic geochemical methods

The black shale samples collected from two Neogene formations in the Klias Peninsula area,West Sabah,have been assessed and characterized in details by gas chromatography,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and a variety of organic geochemical parameters.The aims of this study are to describe the characteristics of organic matter of these sediments in terms of source/type of the organic matter,assess its thermal maturity and paleoenvironment of deposition,based primarily on biomarker distributions.The results of both formations do not reveal significant differences within the rock extracts.The gas chromatograms of the saturated hydrocarbon fractions of the Setap Shale and the Belait formations displayed monomodal n-alkane distributions and nearly identical regular sterane compositions with a predominance of C27 regular steranes.These are consistent with open marine depositional environments dominated by marine biological matter.Another related feature of these rock extracts is the presence of a high relative abundance of gammacerane,indicating anoxic marine hypersaline source depositional environment.The relatively high abundance of common land plant-derived biomarkers,such as bicadinanes and oleananes,is a clear indication of a major terrigenous input to the source of the extractable organic matter.The predominance of oleanane biomarkers in both formations is indicative of angiospermis input and Tertiary source rocks.The high C29/C30 hopane ratios,moderate development of C33-C35 hopanes,high abundance of tricyclic terpanes and a slight predominance of C27 regular sterane over C28 and C29 steranes are characteristic features tending to suggest a significant marine influence on these source rocks,thereby suggesting a mixed source input.The 22S/(22S+22R)C32 hopane ratio has reached equilibrium,and this is supported by the high maturity level as indicated by the 22S/22SC31-33 extended hopane ratios and 20S/(20S+20R)C29 regular steranes ratios.

湖泊沉积物磷形态分级提取及分析方法研究进展

磷是湖泊富营养化的重要限制性因子,其在沉积物-水界面的化学形态和迁移转化过程是调控湖泊富营养化问题的关键。文章综述了沉积物磷的化学形态、无机磷和有机磷连续提取方法及发展演变,分析和总结了各种提取方法的优缺点。最后详细介绍了当前较前沿的沉积物磷分析方法,如X射线吸收光谱、原子配对分布函数和核磁共振光谱等,总结了各项分析技术的特点和面临的挑战,指出各种分析技术应与磷连续分级提取方法有机结合,多种表征手段优势互补,以期为沉积物中磷素形态表征和转化机制研究提供有效的技术支撑。

山东大汶口盆地多夹层盐矿采盐溶腔特征

山东大汶口盆地为多夹层层状盐岩,水采沉渣堆积体大,腔体形态异常,严重制约地下盐穴空间储气利用。为了加快该地区储气库建设,通过地质特征描述、岩石溶蚀实验、沉渣注气排卤实验和现场声呐测腔分析了该盐矿采盐溶腔特征及储气能力。结果表明该地区不溶物夹层数量高,接近50%,盐矿溶腔时,以夹层碎胀形成薄层的块状沉渣为主,沉渣体碎胀倍数大,沉渣空隙储气利用率高。现场声呐测腔显示溶腔呈薄薄的“芭蕉扇”形状,自由体积小,掩埋程度高。推测下部溶腔形态为“多层楼房式”的腔体,可采用钻新排卤井至溶腔底部的注气排卤利用方式。结论认为大汶口盆地多夹层盐矿采盐溶腔具有渣空隙储气模式建设大型盐穴储气库的潜力,研究成果具有一定的参考意义。

微米级浓悬浮体系中粒子的沉降稳定性及其表征方法

以具有机电耦合效应的磁性粒子浓悬浮溶液体系为例 ,讨论微米级粒子在悬浮体系中的沉降稳定性及其表征方法 .实验结果表明 ,在微米级磁性粒子浓悬浮体系中加入一定量纳米粒子 ,不但能增强其磁流变效应 ,而且使微米粒子的沉降稳定性显著增加 .

济阳坳陷沙河街组有效烃源岩特征与评价

有效烃源岩的概念和应用需要实践的验证。济阳坳陷油气勘探已有 40年历史 ,积累了研究有效烃源岩的大量地质地球化学资料。综合利用前人的研究成果 ,根据大量样品分析和地质研究 ,认为沙四段上部盐湖—咸水湖相、沙三段下部咸水—半咸水环境沉积的油页岩、灰质 (含灰质 )泥页岩是济阳坳陷主要油田的原油提供者 ,它们是湖盆因盐度不同而形成分层水体并造成缺氧环境中沉积的 ,有机碳含量多大于 2 % ,有机质性质良好 ,但是由于断陷活动差异性、浊流沉积的事件性和气候多变性 ,缺氧环境不时被打破 ,存在很强的非均质性和分布的区域性。为了真实反映这种有效烃源岩的时空分布 ,提出了以体系域为单元的、按有机碳含量划分 5级烃源岩的评价方法 ,并且讨论了有效烃源岩对油气成藏的控制作用。图 2参

我国土壤和沉积物中富里酸标准样品的提取和表征

参照国际腐殖酸协会(IHSS)推荐的方法,从北京鹫峰森林土壤和太湖竺山湖区表层沉积物中分别提取FA(富里酸)样品.采用元素分析、紫外-可见光谱、三维荧光光谱、傅里叶红外光谱以及13C NMR分析对FA样品进行了表征,并与IHSS FA进行比较.结果表明:土壤FA和沉积物FA与IHSS FA在元素组成、灰分含量及结构上基本相似,与IHSS FA具有一定的可比性,可以作为我国FA的标准样品.由于FA的来源及其形成环境的不同,各FA之间在组成和结构上存在一定的差异.IHSS FA和沉积物FA的芳香性均略高于土壤FA,这可能是由于水环境系统中含有大量的水生植物以及微生物降解作用所致.3种FA的极性排序为土壤FA>沉积物FA>IHSS FA.

磁性粒子浓悬浮体系沉降稳定性的光学表征

报道一种新的磁性粒子浓悬浮体系沉降稳定性的表征方法。对均匀分散的磁性粒子浓悬浮体系 ,采用定时光度测量法对其沉降稳定性进行表征 ,可以得到一定时间内粒子沉降的定量数据。此方法可用于低体积分数磁流变液沉降稳定性的表征。同时 ,对比分析表明 ,在磁性粒子浓悬浮体系中加入纳米级TiO2 粒子 。

珠江河口水体沉积物中腐殖酸的提取与表征

采用NaOH碱提法提取和纯化了珠江河口水体沉积物中的腐殖酸,并用元素分析、傅立叶变换红外光谱、透射电镜、原子力显微镜等方法对提取的腐殖酸进行了表征。结果表明,提取的腐殖酸由C、H、O、N、S元素组成,含有羧基、羟基等多种活性官能团,其中芳香族不饱和物质较多;透射电镜观察发现在较高浓度时腐殖酸聚集体呈现枝状结构,原子力显微镜扫描发现,腐殖酸胶体粒子在较低浓度时呈球形聚集体形貌,直径在100 nm左右。

海河河口水体表层底质中腐殖质的提取及性能表征

提取海河河口水体表层底质中的富里酸（ＦＡ）和胡敏酸（ＨＡ），对其性能进行了表征。本文所用提取方法比较接近于原位提取，具有较好的重现性；海河河口闸内、闸外水体表层底质中的ＦＡ、ＨＡ状况大致相同，稍有差异；所得ＦＡ和ＨＡ均含有烷基和稳定自由基。

磁流变液沉降稳定性研究现状与趋势

磁流变液的稳定性至关重要。对影响弥散粒子沉降稳定性的因素进行了讨论,指出并评述了表征磁流变液沉降稳定性的方法,综合介绍了提高磁流变液弥散粒子沉降稳定性的措施,包括表面活性剂和稳定剂的引入、纳米级物质的加入,用复合磁性响应粒子、轻质磁性材料作弥散粒子。最后展望了磁流变液的应用前景。

深海黏土沉积物蒙皂石的有机改性、表征和层间域微环境

利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)对取自太平洋表层的深海沉积物中的黏土组分实施改性,并利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)及傅立叶红外变换光谱仪(FTIR)对其进行表征。实验结果表明,CTMAB可以随机进入深海蒙皂石矿物的层间并使其层间距增大。随着负载量的增加,有机阳离子在矿物层间趋于定向排列。有机深海蒙皂石的层状硅酸盐晶体结构没有改变,但在HRTEM下呈现出更加明显的剥离和破碎趋势,矿物的活性中心增多。FTIR提供了有机阳离子进入蒙皂石层间的直接证据,矿物表面的疏水性因有机分子的介入而得以改善。实验条件下,有机阳离子可能以较小角度(<43°)进入蒙皂石矿物层间。有机深海蒙皂石的层间域微环境值得进一步关注,以更好地理解深海黏土的环境矿物学属性。

塔里木河粘性泥沙分布与物化特性研究

对塔里木河水网特性与其周边环境特点及水沙特性进行了概况性分析,根据这些分析,对塔里木河流粘性泥沙的形成由来以及其分布大致特征进行了推断与分析。报道了针对塔里木河下游的粘性泥沙样本所进行的筛分试验和化学成分的测试,得到塔里木河粘性泥沙的物理化学基本特性。对塔里木河流的粘性泥沙的其他一些特性进行了粗略分析,为后续对塔里木河流粘性泥沙运动规律的研究打下坚实的基础。

深圳市前海铁石片区沿江河涌污染特征及对策分析

城市河涌黑臭水治理是新时代提高居民生活水平的重要环节,以深圳前海铁石片区沿江河涌为研究对象,采用化学元素分析、X射线衍射及电化学氧化技术对河涌水体、底泥进行微观测试与分析,研究影响河涌水体及底泥污染的主要因素,探索快速降低河涌水体氨氮指标的方法。研究结果显示铁石片区河涌水体黑臭主要指标是氨氮、总磷等有机类污染物,无机重金属离子含量较低;河涌底泥中有机质及重金属含量低于建设用地限制值,通过添加改性材料可提升底泥利用性能;电化学氧化技术能够快速降低黑臭水中氨氮含量,试验结果显示在氧化反应一小时后黑臭水体氨氮降解率超过90%。

海上河流相油田少井条件下储层精细解剖——以垦利3-2油田3-1483砂体为例

渤海油田新近系河流相储层是渤海油田增储上产的主力开发层位之一,海上河流相储层开发面临储层厚度薄、横向变化快和井网稀等问题。以垦利3-2油田3-1483砂体为例,应用正演约束叠后地震资料谱反演技术,研究细分成因单元的储层精细构型;根据地震相典型特征,识别水下分流河道的4种接触模式,即分离式水下分流河道,叠置、切割式水下分流河道,叠置式水下分流河道和连接式水下分流河道;利用地震剖面及地震资料谱反演技术,将垦利3-2油田较为复杂的3-1483砂体纵向上精细划分为2期,平面上精细划分为4条河道砂。9口开发井的井位实施结果表明:比优化前减少低效井4口,注采对应率由优化前20%提高到80%,能够解决以垦利3-2油田为代表的海上复杂河流相油田开发早期储层精细刻画问题,为渤海类似油田的开发提供技术借鉴。