Early Silurian Wuchuan–Sihui–Shaoguan exhalative sedimentary pyrite belt, South China: constraints from zircon dating for K-bentonite of the giant Dajiangping deposit

The Wuchuan-Sihui-Shaoguan(WSS)exhalative sedimentary pyrite belt in the southwestern part of the Qinzhou-Hangzhou(Qin-Hang)belt is the most important sulfur industry base in China.However,a wide range of metallogenetic ages spanning from Ediacaran to Devonian has been reported in the literature.This age range does not support the idea that the typical character of"coeval mineralization"in an exhalative sedimentary mineralization belt in China and worldwide.Therefore,the precise determination of mineralization ages of representative deposits is necessary to provide guides for exploration and metallogenetic models.The Dajiangping pyrite deposit is a typical example of this kind of deposits and is also the largest deposit with a proven reserve of 210 Mt.This deposit was thought to have formed in Ediacaran or Devonian.In this study,2-3 layers of 10-25 cm thick 2M1-type microcrystalline muscovite slate abruptly embedded in the No.Ⅳmassive orebody of the deposit has been identified to be low-grade metamorphic K-bentonite.A Concordia zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age of 432.5±1.3 Ma(mean standard weighted deviation of concordance and equivalence=1.2;N=11)has been yielded for the low-grade metamorphic K-bentonite.This age is distinctly different from the Rb-Sr isochron age of630.1±7.3 Ma for siliceous rock at the top of the No.Ⅲbanded orebody and the Re-Os isochron age of 389±62 Ma for pyrites from a laminated orebody.Instead,it is close to the intercept age(429 Ma)of the youngest detrital zircons from sandstone interlayers of the No.Ⅲbanded orebody.The Concordia age is also coincident with those of the Late Caledonian(400-460 Ma)magmatism-metamorphism events which are widely distributed in Cathaysia Block.Particularly,it agrees well with that of the Early Silurian extensional volcanism(434-444 Ma)which have been revealed in the Dabaoshan,Siqian-Hekou,and Nanjing volcanic basins in northern Guangdong Province and southern Jiangxi Province.Hence,the dating result in this study confirms that the sedimentary time of the ore-host Daganshan Formation is Early Silurian,and implies that the mineralization age of the Dajiangping pyrite deposit should also be Early Silurian.In combination with the Early Silurian age of Shezui pyrite deposit and the Dabaoshan volcanic basin along the WSS pyrite belt,it could be inferred that the WSS pyrite belt provides a record of the northern expanding of Qinzhou-Fangcheng trough in Early Silurian and that the exhalative pyrite mineralization was triggered by the postcollisional extension of the margin of Cathaysia Block after the intracontinental collision between Cathaysia Block and Yangtze Block during Late Caledonian stage.

Cenozoic giant coal-bearing basin belt discovered in China's sea and its adjacent areas

Sea area is an important area of oil and gas exploration in China.It has been found that China's sea area mainly consists of coal type oil and gas,and the exploration of coal-bearing series source rocks has become an important part of oil and gas exploration there.Through years of comprehensive geological research in China's sea area,it has been revealed that it has undergone multiple occurrences of tectonic opening and closing movements in varying degrees in the Paleogene,forming 26 Cenozoic sedimentary basins of various types,such as active continental margin,passive continental margin,transitional continental margin and drift rift basins.In the present study,it is observed for the first time that coal type source rocks are mainly developed in 14 continental margin basins in China's sea area,revealing that a very large C-shaped coal-bearing basin group developed there in the Cenozoic.Next,based on the coupling analysis of paleoclimate,paleobotany,paleogeography and paleostructure,it is observed that there are five coal-forming periods in China's sea area,namely the Paleocene,Eocene,early Oligocene,late Oligocene and Miocene-Pliocene,and the coal-forming age is gradually new from north to south.It is also found that the coal seams in the sea area are mainly developed in three coal-forming environments in Cenozoic,namely delta,fan delta and tidal flat-lagoon.The coal seams developed in different environments are characterized by thin thickness,many layers and poor stability.However,the coal-bearing series source rocks in China's sea area have a wide distribution range,very high thickness and large amount,thus forming a material basis for the formation of rich coal type oil and gas.

基于离散元数值模拟的构造变形机制分析方法——以准噶尔盆地南缘为例

受多期构造运动影响,准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断褶皱带具横向东西分段、南北分带,纵向构造叠置的变形特征。但该区构造变形机制及样式的不同认识在一定程度上制约了油气勘探的深入。为探究准南缘新生代以来构造变形机制及其变形过程,本文利用高精度地震、钻井和岩石力学等资料,根据实际地质条件,重点考虑滑脱层的数量、强度及厚度变化,结合滑脱层纵向组合、横向分布范围及同沉积作用、先存构造等因素,共设计了10组模型,并采用离散元数值模拟方法开展了对比实验。实验结果表明,滑脱层强度、厚度及其组合主要控制冲断褶皱带构造纵向叠置关系及构造样式,滑脱层分布及同沉积作用主要控制其横向变形范围,先存构造主要影响后期构造的继承性发育。在此基础上,分段开展了多因素组合模拟实验并与实际地震剖面进行对比,重构了准南缘构造变形过程,揭示了新生代以来其构造变形机制,即先存断裂、古凸起、三套不同性质滑脱层纵向叠置关系和同沉积作用共同控制了西段构造的形成与演化,“下强上弱”“下薄上厚”两套纵向叠置滑脱层控制了中段构造的形成与演化,先存断裂及单套较弱滑脱层控制了东段构造的形成与演化。该方法可为类似的复杂构造变形区提供参考。

中非新元古代造山带钴超常富集研究进展与展望

钴被誉为“低碳能源金属”,是我国乃至全球急缺的关键金属矿产。中非新元古代铜钴矿带内的沉积岩容矿型铜钴矿床每年为全球提供了60%以上的钴金属产量,是研究钴超常富集的最佳区域。前人对该矿带的研究主要聚焦于铜的成矿作用,然而该矿带内的铜矿床并非都伴生钴,目前对伴生钴的来源-富集过程及其与沉积、成岩、造山作用的成因联系仍缺乏系统研究。本文综述了中非铜钴矿带内沉积岩容矿型铜钴矿床主要研究进展及存在问题,认为超大陆裂解过程改变了中非铜钴矿带的沉积盆地环境,使得钴在沉积地层中发生初始预富集,此外古气候条件,包括增氧事件和冰川事件,也可能对该矿带内的大规模钴的聚集产生了积极作用。新元古代造山作用重新活化沉积地层呈分散分布的钴元素,导致钴的进一步富集。因此,中非铜钴矿带中的钴超常富集是大气-地球-水圈-生物圈之间长期相互作用而形成的成矿效应。在矿床尺度,深入理解沉积岩容矿型铜钴矿床的形成过程,有助于在中非铜钴矿带,甚至在全球其他有利沉积盆地内,勘探更多的钴资源。

甘肃北山大豁落地区牙形刺化石的发现及其对白云山组时代的限定

甘肃北山大豁落地区出露的白云山组是一套板岩、砂岩、砂砾岩、砾岩,局部夹灰岩的一套碎屑岩组合,由于缺乏地层学依据而被划归奥陶纪锡林柯博组(硅质岩为主,夹灰岩、砂岩、砂砾岩组合的一套浅海相沉积)。通过野外路线地质调查和剖面实测,在白云山组灰岩夹层中获得了保存较好的牙形刺化石,分别为大围刺Periodon grandis、原潘德尔刺(未定种)Protopanderodus sp.、镰箭(未定种)Drepanoistodus sp.、刺形刺(未定种)Spinodus sp.、小剑刺(未定种)Scabbardella sp.,将该套岩石组合时代限定为晚奥陶世。综合岩石组合特征、沉积层序与沉积相分析,认为白云山组形成于山前前陆盆地环境,预示着在晚奥陶世北山地区已进入初始造山阶段,为完善北山地层格架提供重要依据。

塔西南坳陷柯东构造带白垩系沉积古环境及沉积特征研究

塔西南坳陷柯东构造带白垩系勘探潜力大,但对其沉积演化的认识仍存在争议。基于柯东101井白垩系克孜勒苏群及库克拜组细粒沉积物的微量元素测试结果,结合岩心、露头及测录井资料,讨论了柯东构造带白垩系沉积古环境及沉积演化过程。结果表明:柯东构造带白垩系克孜勒苏群及库克拜组的古气候指标Sr/Cu、Rb/Sr和δEu_(N)的平均值分别为56.37、0.12和1.48,氧化还原指标U/Th、V/Cr、V/(V+Ni)和δCe_(N)的平均值分别为0.29、0.52、0.62和0.86,古盐度指标w(Li)和Sr/Ba平均值分别为26.27μg/g和0.014。微量元素指标指示了干旱、强氧化、低盐度的陆相淡水环境。在克孜勒苏群及库克拜组沉积过程中,干旱强度及盐度自下而上呈现增强的趋势,氧化强度呈减弱趋势。柯东构造带白垩系沉积相纵向上表现为辫状河三角洲-潮坪的演化特征,其中克孜勒苏群及库克拜组整体发育浅水辫状河三角洲沉积,沉积速率整体较快,东巴组演化为海相潮坪沉积;横向上,柯东构造带白垩系自西向东表现为沉积物粒度逐渐降低的变化趋势,相较于研究区东部,西部表现为克孜勒苏群下段辫状河三角洲平原相对发育、库克拜组三角洲前缘砂体厚度较大且粒度相对较粗、东巴组以潮间带更为发育的沉积特征。

沉积黄铁矿微量元素和硫同位素组成对黄金洞金矿床的成因约束

黄金洞大型金矿床位于江南造山带湘东北矿集区,矿体主要赋存于沉积黄铁矿发育的新元古代冷家溪群板岩中,含金石英脉为主要的矿化类型。为进一步约束成矿系统中金和硫的来源,揭示赋矿围岩对成矿贡献,深化矿床成因认识,文章以赋矿围岩冷家溪群板岩为研究对象,对其沉积黄铁矿进行了系统的岩相学、电子探针显微结构、激光剥蚀等离子质谱(LA-ICP-MS)原位微量元素和硫同位素分析。研究结果显示,冷家溪群板岩中的沉积黄铁矿主要呈团块状集合体,单个颗粒多为几百~几千微米。微量元素分析结果表明,沉积黄铁矿w(As)变化范围介于796×10^(-6)~10667×10^(-6),不可见w(Au)多低于1.0×10^(-6)。沉积黄铁矿的原位δ^(34)S值主要介于-10.7‰~-4.7‰,与矿石中的热液黄铁矿(δ^(34)S=-14.2‰~-0.5‰)具有一定相似性。以上分析结果暗示,沉积黄铁矿提供成矿系统中的金的可能性不大,推测黄金洞金矿床Au主要来自深部过程。成矿流体在与围岩相互作用过程中,沉积成因硫加入成矿系统,为解释热液成因黄铁矿硫同位素组成特征提供关键证据。

西湖凹陷中央背斜带中北部花港组下段粗碎屑沉积体系成因探讨

针对目前西湖凹陷中央背斜带中北部花港组下段的粗碎屑沉积成因不明的问题,该文在花港组下段钻井资料的基础上,通过层序地层学与沉积学相结合动态地解释了花港组下段沉积体系的演化过程及相迁移特征。在目前三级层序格架下,井震结合,将花港组下段进一步细化到体系域级别。在精细的地层格架下,通过物源分析,并依据测录井特征及岩心特征,识别出花港组的沉积体系及展布特征。结果表明,花港组时期,西北物源供给强烈,研究区主要发育北东向长轴方向的辫状河三角洲沉积体系,粗碎屑主要来自于低位体系域的辫状河道和三角洲平原分支河道沉积。该研究深化了中央背斜带北部粗碎屑体的认识,为中央背斜带成藏条件研究奠定基础。

The Cretaceous Songliao Basin:Volcanogenic Succession,Sedimentary Sequence and Tectonic Evolution,NE China

The Songliao basin （SB） is a superposed basin with two different kinds of basin fills. The lower one is characterized by a fault-bounded volcanogenic succession comprising of intercalated volcanic, pyrodastic and epiclastic rocks. The volcanic rocks, dating from 110 Ma to 130 Ma, are of geochemically active continental margin type. Fast northward migration of the SB block occurred during the major episodes of the volcanism inferred from their paleomagnetic information. The upper one of the basin fill is dominated by non-marine sag-style sedimentary sequence of silicidastics and minor carbonates. The basin center shifted westwards from the early to late Cretaceous revealed by the GGT seismic velocity structure suggesting dynamic change in the basin evolution. Thus, a superposed basin model is proposed. Evolution of the SB involves three periods including （1） Alptian and pre- Aptian： a retroarc basin and range system of Andes type related to Mongolia-Okhotsk collisional belt （MOCB）; （2） Albian to Companian： a sag-like strike-slip basin under transtension related to oblique subduction of the Pacific plate along the eastern margin of the Eurasian plate; （3） since Maastrichtian： a tectonic inverse basin under compression related to normal subduction of the Pacific plate under the Eurasian plate, characterized by overthrust, westward migration of the depocenter and eastward uplifting of the basin margin.

Late Carboniferous to early Permian sedimentaryetectonic evolution of the north of Alxa, Inner Mongolia, China： Evidence from the Amushan Formation

The late Paleozoic evolution of the Wulijishanhen（WSH）-Shangdan（SD） area near to the Chaganchulu Ophiolite belt is reinterpreted. Analysis of the upper Carboniferous to lower Permian sedimentary sequence, biological associations, detrital materials, sandstone geochemistry and volcanic rocks indicates that the SD area was an epicontinental sea and rift during the late Paleozoic rather than a large-scale ocean undergoing spreading and closure. This study reveals that the actual evolution of the study area is from the late Carboniferous to the early Permian. The fusulinids Triticites sp. and Pseudoschwagerina sp.in the limestones demonstrate that the Amushan Formation develops during the late Carboniferous to the early Permian. The limestones at the base of the SD section indicate that it is a stable carbonate platform environment, the volcanic rocks in the middle of the sequence support a rift tectonic background, and the overlying conglomerates and sandstones are characteristic of an epicontinental sea or marine molasse setting. The rift volcanism made the differences in the fossil content of the SD and WSH sections and led to two sections expose different levels within the Amushan Formation and different process of tectonic evolution. Moreover, the geochemical characteristics and detrital materials of the sandstones show that the provenance and formation of the sandstones were related to the setting of active continental margin. The quartz-feldspar-lithic fragments distribution diagram indicates that the material source for the sandstones was a recycled orogenic belt. Thus, the source area of the sandstones may have been an active continental margin before the late Carboniferouseearly Permian. The characteristics of the regional tectonic evolution of the area indicate that the region may form a small part of the Gobie Tianshan rift of southern Mongolia.

Detrital Zircon U-Pb Ages and Geochemistry of the Silurian to Permian Sedimentary Rocks in Central Inner Mongolia, China: Implications for Closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean

The Solonker suture zone has long been considered to mark the location of the final disappearance of the PaleoAsian Ocean in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB). However, the time of final suturing is still controversial with two main different proposals of late Permian to early Triassic, and late Devonian. This study reports integrated wholerock geochemistry and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages of sedimentary rocks from the Silurian Xuniwusu Formation, the Devonian Xilingol Complex and the Permian Zhesi Formation in the Hegenshan-Xilinhot-Linxi area in central Inner Mongolia, China. The depositional environment, provenance and tectonic setting of the Silurian-Devonian and the Permian sediments are compared to constrain the tectonic evolution of the Solonker suture zone and its neighboring zones. The protoliths of the silty slates from the Xuniwusu Formation in the Baolidao zone belong to wacke and were derived from felsic igneous rocks with steady-state weathering, poor sorting and compositional immaturity. The protoliths of metasedimentary rocks from the Xilingol Complex were wackes and litharenites and were sourced from predominantly felsic igneous rocks with variable weathering conditions and moderate sorting. The Xuniwusu Formation and Xilingol Complex samples both have two groups of detrital zircon that peak at ca. 0.9-1.0 Ga and ca. 420-440 Ma, with maximum deposition ages of late Silurian and middle Devonian age, respectively. Considering the ca. 484-383 Ma volcanic arc in the Baolidao zone, the Xuxiniwu Formation represents an oceanic trench sediment and is covered by the sedimentary rocks in the Xilingol Complex that represents a continental slope sediment in front of the arc. The middle Permian Zhesi Formation metasandstones were derived from predominantly felsic igneous rocks and are texturally immature with very low degrees of rounding and sorting, indicating short transport and rapid burial. The Zhesi Formation in the Hegenshan zone has a main zircon age peak of 302 Ma and a subordinate peak of 423 Ma and was deposited in a back-arc basin with an early marine transgression during extension and a late marine regression during contraction. The formation also crops out locally in the Baolidao zone with a main zircon age peak of 467 Ma and a minor peak of 359 Ma, and suggests it formed as a marine transgression sedimentary sequence in a restricted extensional basin and followed by a marine regressive event. Two obvious zircon age peaks of 444 Ma and 280 Ma in the Solonker zone and 435 Ma and 274 Ma in Ondor Sum are retrieved from the Zhesi Formation. This suggests as a result of the gradual closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean a narrow ocean sedimentary environment with marine regressive sedimentary sequences occupied the Solonker and Ondor Sum zones during the middle Permian. A restricted ocean is suggested by the Permian strata in the Bainaimiao zone. Early Paleozoic subduction until ca. 381 Ma and renewed subduction during ca. 310-254 Ma accompanied by the opening and closure of a back-arc basin during ca. 298-269 Ma occurred in the northern accretionary zone. In contrast, the southern accretionary zone documented early Paleozoic subduction until ca. 400 Ma and a renewed subduction during ca. 298-246 Ma. The final closure of the Paleo-Asian ocean therefore lasted at least until the early Triassic and ended with the formation of the Solonker suture zone.

Factors controlling the development of tight sandstone reservoirs in the Huagang Formation of the central inverted structural belt in Xihu sag, East China Sea Basin

By means of thin section analysis, zircon U-Pb dating, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe, laser micro carbon and oxygen isotope analysis, the lithologic features, diagenetic environment evolution and controlling factors of the tight sandstone reservoirs in the Huagang Formation of Xihu sag, East China Sea Basin were comprehensively studied. The results show that: the sandstones of the Huagang Formation in the central inverted structural belt are poor in physical properties, dominated by feldspathic lithic quartz sandstone, high in quartz content, low in matrix, kaolinite and cement contents, and coarse in clastic grains;the acidic diagenetic environment formed by organic acids and meteoric water is vital for the formation of secondary pores in the reservoirs;and the development and distribution of the higher quality reservoirs in the tight sandstones of the Huagang Formation are controlled by sediment source, sedimentary facies belt, abnormal overpressure and diagenetic environment evolution. Sediment provenance and dominant sedimentary facies led to favorable initial physical properties of the sandstones in the Huagang Formation, which is the prerequisite for development of reservoirs with better quality later. Abnormal high pressure protected the primary pores, thus improving physical properties of the reservoirs in the Huagang Formation. Longitudinally, due to the difference in diagenetic environment evolution, the high-quality reservoirs in the Huagang Formation are concentrated in the sections formed in acidic diagenetic environment. Laterally, the high-quality reservoirs are concentrated in the lower section of the Huagang Formation with abnormal high pressure in the middle-northern part;but concentrated in the upper section of Huagang Formation shallower in burial depth in the middle-southern part.

Tectono-Sedimentary History of Southeastern Coast Region,China:a Synthesis

According to the ideas and concepts of systems dynamic of continent structure, using previous information related to the study area, combining analyses on orogenic belt, basin and magmatic rock, the present paper synthesizes the tectono - sedimentary development of southeastern coast region, China, with special emphasis on the mountain making, basining and magmatic activity. The tectonic evolution after Late Caledonian orogeny was dominated by alternating rifting and converging, subsiding and uplifting, mountain making and basining in central and southern parts of southeastern China and the adjacent regions to the east and west. Seventeen geologic events , nine events of plate or terrain convergence , and continental crust accretion , as well as eight events of intracontinental rifting and basin faulting , are closely related to the tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the study area . The accompanied intense and frequent sedimentation , folding , faulting , magmatism and ore- forming process allowed huge coal , multimetal and potential petroleum source rocks to form in local depressions throughout the Caledonian to Himalavan time .

Detrital zircon constraints on late Paleozoic tectonism of the Bogda region(NW China)in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt

The Chinese North Tianshan(CNTS)in the southern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB)has undergone multistage accretion-collision processes during Paleozoic time,which remain controversial.This study addresses this issue by tracing the provenance of Late Paleozoic sedimentary successions from the Bogda Mountain in the eastern CNTS through U-Pb dating and Lu-Hf isotopic analyses of detrital zircons.New detrital zircon U-Pb ages(N=519)from seven samples range from 261±4 Ma to 2827±32 Ma.The most prominent age peak is at 313 Ma and subordinate ages vary from 441 Ma to 601 Ma,with some Precambrian detrital zircon ages(~7%)lasting from 694 Ma to 1024 Ma.The youngest age components in each sample yielded weighted mean ages ranging from 272±9 Ma to 288±5 Ma,representing the maximum depositional ages.These and literature data indicate that some previously-assumed"Carboniferous"strata in the Bogda area were deposited in the Early Permian,including the Qijiaojing,Julideneng,Shaleisaierke,Yangbulake,Shamaershayi,Liushugou,Qijiagou,and Aoertu formations.The low maturity of the sandstones,zircon morphology and provenance analyses indicate a proximal sedimentation probably sourced from the East Junggar Arc and the Harlik-Dananhu Arc in the CNTS.The minor Precambrian detrital zircons are interpreted as recycled materials from the older strata in the Harlik-Dananhu Arc.Zircon EHf(t)values have increased since^408 Ma,probably reflecting a tectonic transition from regional compression to extension.This event might correspond to the opening of the Bogda intraarc/back arc rift basin,possibly resulting from a slab rollback during the northward subduction of the North Tianshan Ocean.A decrease of zirconεHf(t)values at^300 Ma was likely caused by the cessation of oceanic subduction and subsequent collision,which implies that the North Tianshan Ocean closed at the end of the Late Carboniferous.

沉积岩-变沉积岩型钴矿研究进展与问题

沉积岩-变质型钴矿床占全球超过50%的钴资源储量,产量约占全球的65%以上,这类钴矿床主要分布在中非赞比亚-刚果(金)、美国爱达荷,及我国辽吉、山西、青海等地的沉积砂页岩、海底热水沉积岩及其变质岩系中。目前国际上对沉积岩-变沉积岩型钴矿的区域成矿地质背景、含矿建造、钴的赋存状态、后期变质与构造作用、成矿时代等方面有较多的研究,但在沉积-变质-热液改造等不同地质过程中钴的地球化学行为、沉积成矿条件与古海洋环境、钴的富集机理及其控制因素等方面的认识仍存在分歧和有待深入研究的问题。本文在综述国内外典型铜钴成矿带地质背景、含矿建造和矿床地质特征等的基础上,总结了各成矿带的主要成矿条件与成矿规律,分析了各矿带成矿流体和成矿物质的来源、富矿控制要素和成矿机制;提出控制钴沉积成矿的制约因素主要是大陆裂解、海洋氧化还原条件、沉积相与沉积环境等,而要形成富矿的关键是后期变质作用或热液活动的改造叠加。同时作者对全球沉积-变沉积型钴矿的时空分布规律及控制因素进行了探讨,提出今后应在古气候与古海洋环境、物质来源与矿源层、后期热液改造作用与钴元素超常富集成矿机理等方面开展详细和深入的研究。

青藏高原东北缘弧形构造带新生代地层沉积序列及年代学研究进展

青藏高原东北缘弧形构造带新生代的构造变形和沉积充填过程既受到了太平洋板块俯冲的远程效应影响,也受到了青藏高原北东向扩展的控制。确定新生代地层的沉积时代是深入理解青藏高原东北缘弧形构造带内构造变形和沉积充填过程的重要前提,但是目前弧形构造带内新生代地层序列和沉积时代仍存在诸多争议。文章系统研究了弧形构造带内古近纪至新近纪沉积序列和地层时代,结果显示弧形构造带内寺口子组、清水营组、彰恩堡组和干河沟组的沉积时代分别为中晚渐新世、晚渐新世—早中新世、中中新世—晚中新世和晚中新世—上新世。综合分析了古近纪至新近纪不整合界面的形成时代,重新厘定了古近纪—新近纪两期不整合及其大地构造意义,第一期不整合发育在清水营组与彰恩堡组之间,时代为早中新世,指示了青藏高原的北东向扩展到达弧形构造带;第二期不整合发育在彰恩堡组与干河沟组之间,时代为晚中新世,指示了青藏高原北东向扩展对弧形构造带的改造达到高峰。讨论了弧形构造带沉积充填过程与构造演化的耦合关系,新生代盆地的沉积演化过程主要经历了三个阶段:自中渐新世至早中新世,弧形构造带主要受控于早期的滨太平洋伸展构造体系域,处于伸展构造背景;早中新世至晚中新世,构造变形和盆地演化开始受到青藏高原北东向扩展的影响,处于挤压构造背景;晚中新世至上新世,弧形构造带持续快速隆升,并且走滑断裂体系的发育分割了新生代盆地。

Research and Application of Micromotional Exploration in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Metallogenic Belt of China

Micromotion is the daily tiny vibration of the earth’s surface. Micromotional exploration can use the surface wave information of micro motion to study the shallow structure of underground media. In this study, we collected microtremor data at 68 stations in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Metallogenic Belt (MLYMB) and determined the resonant frequency and obtained the distribution of sedimentary thickness in this area by using H/V spectral ratio. According to the results of H/V, the sedimentary layer in the basin is thick, and the predominant frequency of the basin is 0.05 - 0.1 Hz. There are no obvious lateral changes in the impedance interface between bedrock and sedimentary layer in this area. The basement of Tongling, Anqing and Luzhou mining areas and their adjacent areas is Kongling-Dongling type basement, which is composed of a set of metamorphic core complex. The predominant frequency is 0.05 - 0.1 Hz. The sedimentary thickness gradually thinned from 3800 m in the west to 2100 m in the East. Moreover, this article used SPAC (spatial autocorrelation) method to obtain the S-wave velocity structure of the mining area near Luzong. The SPAC method reveals that the depth of the interface between the loose sediments and the volcanic rocks is about 600 m in the study area near the Luzhou mining area in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Metallogenic Belt, and the average depth of the interface between the volcanic rock section and the intrusive complex section is about 1000 m. The thickness of the intrusive rock is more than 2500 m. Tourmaline is developed in the interior of the intrusive rock, which may have better exploration value.

数值模拟在沉积盆地褶皱冲断构造变形研究中的应用与发展

数值模拟是一种利用电子计算机,通过数值计算和图像显示的方法,研究工程问题、物理问题乃至自然界各类问题的方法。随着高性能计算的不断发展,数值模拟方法在沉积盆地构造变形研究中的应用不断扩大,学术界和工业界将数值模拟方法广泛应用于盆地构造变形特征与变形机制的定量研究,取得了丰硕的成果。本文在系统分析前人数值模拟成果的基础上,阐述了有限元、有限差分、边界元和离散元四种常用数值模拟实验方法的特征和应用。同时,本文对近年来数值模拟方法在沉积盆地褶皱冲断构造变形中的研究进展进行了分类总结,重点介绍这一方法在构造特征与变形机制研究中取得的成果,为数值模拟方法在盆地构造变形领域应用的不断扩大和深入提供参考。最后,本文对数值模拟技术在目前应用中面临的问题和未来的发展方向提出了一些看法和建议。

变质改造型关键金属矿——富集Li-Rb-Cs-Tl-Ga的云母片岩

关键金属矿产是国际上最近提出的资源概念,对战略性新兴产业的发展至关重要,但认知程度较低。洛扎岩浆-变质杂岩体位于喜马拉雅带东部,侵位于藏南拆离系内。在岩体东北侧,云母片岩被含电气石淡色花岗岩捕虏。云母片岩主要由金云母、绿泥石和少量黑云母组成。从全岩地球化学成分来看,云母片岩具有含量较高的Al2O3(13.38%~14.32%)、K2O(6.09%~9.66%)、FeO^(*)(27.11%~30.09%)、MgO(15.25%~17.21%)、TiO_(2)(0.09%~0.26%),富集关键金属Li(650×10^(-6)~1031×10^(-6))、Rb(1649×10^(-6)~2773×10^(-6))、Cs(98×10^(-6)~229×10^(-6))、Tl(5.7×10^(-6)~12.1×10^(-6))、Ga(121×10^(-6)~148×10^(-6))。单矿物化学成分分析结果表明,金云母与全岩相似,也富集Li-Rb-Cs-Ga,这些关键金属元素以类质同象形式替代K进入金云母。年代学分析结果显示,锆石记录了分布广泛的碎屑年龄和新生代的变质事件。通过研究认为,洛扎地区云母片岩的原岩为沉积岩,在淡色花岗岩侵位过程中被捕虏,发生了低级变质作用;本文报道的金云母成矿作用,是锂矿成因的新类型:变质改造型。喜马拉雅造山带变沉积岩富集稀散金属铊和镓,表明该地区除了稀有金属元素外,稀散金属也有成矿潜力,是我国未来关键金属矿产勘探的又一重要地区。本文为建立喜马拉雅造山带关键金属的成矿模型提供了新的思路,未来需要加强该区和其他造山带变沉积岩关键金属成矿潜力的调查和研究。

准噶尔盆地东部沙帐断褶带下侏罗统沉积体系研究及其找矿意义

沙帐断褶带位于准噶尔盆地东部,其下侏罗统已发现较大规模的层间氧化带及其控制的铀矿体。文章依据近几年最新铀矿勘查成果及前人煤田资料,重点对沙帐断褶带下侏罗统沉积体系进行了分析与研究,深入探讨了沉积体系与铀成矿的关系,预测了成矿最有利地段及其规模、矿化与前景,为今后找矿工作指明了方向。研究结果表明,研究区下侏罗统三工河组辫状河三角洲平原相与前缘相过渡部位为铀成矿有利相带,砂体较为发育,固结疏松,透水性好;八道湾组扇三角洲平原相与前缘相过渡部位为铀成矿较为有利相带;铀成矿有利相带与层间氧化带及其铀矿化关系密切。三工河组层间氧化带规模最大,矿化最好,具有良好的砂岩型铀矿找矿条件,是今后该区域主要找矿目的层;帐蓬沟以西发育多个产状较平缓的褶皱,氧化前锋线多位于背斜的南端及向斜的翼部,多处赋存工业矿化、异常,是今后主要找矿地段,可能具有“中-大型”砂岩型铀矿成矿前景。