Sedimentology and Ichnology of Upper Montney Formation Tight Gas Reservoir, Northeastern British Columbia, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin

Several decades of conventional oil and gas production in Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) have resulted in maturity of the basin, and attention is shifting to alternative hydrocarbon reservoir system, such as tight gas reservoir of the Montney Formation, which consists of siltstone with subordinate interlaminated very fine-grained sandstone. The Montney Formation resource play is one of Canada’s prime unconventional hydrocarbon reservoir, with reserve estimate in British Columbia (Natural Gas reserve = 271 TCF), Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG = 12,647 million barrels), and oil reserve (29 million barrels). Based on sedimentological and ichnological criteria, five lithofacies associations were identified in the study interval: Lithofacies F-1 (organic rich, wavy to parallel laminated, black colored siltstone);Lithofacies F-2 (very fine-grained sandstone interbedded with siltstone);Lithofacies F-3A (bioturbated silty-sandstone attributed to the Skolithos ichnofacies);Lithofacies F-3B (bioturbated siltstone attributed to Cruziana ichnofacies);Lithofacies F-4 (dolomitic, very fine-grained sandstone);and Lithofacies F-5 (massive siltstone). The depositional environments interpreted for the Montney Formation in the study area are lower shoreface through proximal offshore to distal offshore settings. Rock-Eval data (hydrogen Index and Oxygen Index) shows that Montney sediments contains mostly gas prone Type III/IV with subordinate Type II kerogen, TOC ranges from 0.39 - 3.54 wt% with a rare spike of 10.9 wt% TOC along the Montney/Doig boundary. Vitrinite reflectance data and Tmax show that thermal maturity of the Montney Formation is in the realm of “peak gas” generation window. Despite the economic significance of the Montney unconventional “resource-play”, however, the location and predictability of the best reservoir interval remain conjectural in part because the lithologic variability of the optimum reservoir lithologies has not been adequately characterized. This study presents lithofacies and ichnofacies analyses of the Montney Formation coupled with Rock-Eval geochemistry to interpret the sedimentology, ichnology, and reservoir potential of the Montney Formation tight gas reservoir in Fort St. John study area (T86N, R23W and T74N, R13W), northeastern British Columbia, western Canada.

Methods for seismic sedimentology research on continental basins

In contrast to marine deposits, continental deposits in China are characterized by diverse sedimentary types, rapid changes in sedimentary facies, complex lithology, and thin, small sand bodies. In seismic sedimentology studies on continental lacustrine basins, new thinking and more detailed and effective technical means are needed to generate lithological data cubes and conduct seismic geo- morphologic analyses. Based on a series of tests and studies, this paper presents the concepts of time-equivalent seismic attributes and seismic sedimentary bodies and a ＂four-step approach＂ for the seismic sedimentologic study of conti- nental basins： Step 1, build a time-equivalent stratigraphic framework based on vertical analysis and horizontal corre- lation of lithofacies, electrofacies, seismic facies, and pale- ontological combinations; Step 2, further build a sedimentary facies model based on the analysis of single- well facies with outcrop, coring, and lab test data; Step 3, convert the seismic data into a lithological data cube reflecting different lithologies by means of seismic tech- niques; and Step 4, perform a time-equivalent attribute analysis and convert the planar attribute into a sedimentary facies map under the guidance of the sedimentary facies model. The whole process, highlighting the verification and calibration of geological data, is an iteration and feedback procedure of geoseismic data. The key technologies include the following： （1） a seismic data-lithology conversion technique applicable to complex lithology, which can convert the seismic reflection from interface types to rock layers; and （2） time-equivalent seismic unit analysis and a time- equivalent seismic attribute extraction technique. Finally, this paper demonstrates the validity of the approach with an example from the Qikou Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin and subsequent drilling results.

Application of 9-component S-wave 3D seismic data to study sedimentary facies and reservoirs in a biogasbearing area:A case study on the Pleistocene Qigequan Formation in Taidong area,Sanhu Depression,Qaidam Basin,NW China

To solve the problems in restoring sedimentary facies and predicting reservoirs in loose gas-bearing sediment,based on seismic sedimentologic analysis of the first 9-component S-wave 3D seismic dataset of China,a fourth-order isochronous stratigraphic framework was set up and then sedimentary facies and reservoirs in the Pleistocene Qigequan Formation in Taidong area of Qaidam Basin were studied by seismic geomorphology and seismic lithology.The study method and thought are as following.Firstly,techniques of phase rotation,frequency decomposition and fusion,and stratal slicing were applied to the 9-component S-wave seismic data to restore sedimentary facies of major marker beds based on sedimentary models reflected by satellite images.Then,techniques of seismic attribute extraction,principal component analysis,and random fitting were applied to calculate the reservoir thickness and physical parameters of a key sandbody,and the results are satisfactory and confirmed by blind testing wells.Study results reveal that the dominant sedimentary facies in the Qigequan Formation within the study area are delta front and shallow lake.The RGB fused slices indicate that there are two cycles with three sets of underwater distributary channel systems in one period.Among them,sandstones in the distributary channels of middle-low Qigequan Formation are thick and broad with superior physical properties,which are favorable reservoirs.The reservoir permeability is also affected by diagenesis.Distributary channel sandstone reservoirs extend further to the west of Sebei-1 gas field,which provides a basis to expand exploration to the western peripheral area.

Basic Types and Structural Characteristics of Uplifts:An Overview of Sedimentary Basins in China

The uplift is a positive structural unit of the crust. It is an important window for continental dynamics owing to its abundant structural phenomena, such as fault, fold, unconformity and denudation of strata. Meanwhile, it is the very place to store important minerals like oil, natural gas, coal and uranium. Giant and large-scale oil and gas fields in China, such as the Daqing Oilfield, Lunnan-Tahe Oilfield, Penglai 19-3 Oilfield, Puguang Gas Field and Jingbian Gas Field, are developed mainly on uplifts. Therefore, it is the main target both for oil and gas exploration and for geological study. The uplift can be either a basement uplift, or one developed only in the sedimentary cover. Extension, compression and wrench or their combined forces may give rise to uplifts. The development process of uplifting, such as formation, development, dwindling and destruction, can be taken as the uplifting cycle. The uplifts on the giant Precambrian cratons are large in scale with less extensive structural deformation. The uplifts on the medium- and small-sized cratons or neo-cratons are formed in various shapes with strong structural deformation and complicated geological structure. Owing to changes in the geodynamic environment, uplift experiences a multi-stage or multi-cycle development process. Its geological structure is characterized in superposition of multi-structural layers. Based on the basement properties, mechanical stratigraphy and development sequence, uplifts can be divided into three basic types-the succession, superposition and destruction ones. The succession type is subdivided into the maintaining type and the lasting type. The superposition type can be subdivided into the composite anticlinal type, the buried-hill draped type, the faulted uplift type and the migration type according to the different scales and superimposed styles of uplifts in different cycles. The destruction type is subdivided into the tilting type and the negative inverted type. The development history of uplifts and their controlling effects on sedimentation and fluids are quite different from one another, although the uplifts with different structural types store important minerals. Uplifts and their slopes are the main areas for oil and gas accumulation. They usually become the composite oil and gas accumulation zones （belts） with multiple productive formations and various types of oil and gas reservoirs.

Stratigraphic Data and Groundwater Resources in the Coastal Sedimentary Basin of the Pointe-Noire Region (Republic of Congo)

The synthesis of geological and petroleum research undertaken in the coastal Sedimentary Basin of the Pointe-Noire region enabled the establishment of a lithostratigraphic scale. It has been observed that the order in which the series observed in outcrop and those encountered by deep wells succeed each other has allowed a value to be given to this relative scale. The study area corresponds to a longitudinal tectonic accident, fault or flexure. It belongs to the Cretaceous and Tertiary coastal sedimentary basin covered by the Plio-Pleistocene age formations (series of circuses), formed of highly permeable sands comprising multiple resistant horizons that store large bodies of water whose reserves are considered very important. Hydrographic network is composed of four main basins with a mediocre size. The quality of this groundwater is considered to be satisfactory for household consumption, but the sustainable management of these reserves requires constant checks on their quality as well as on the level of the reserves. All these resources put the agglomeration of Pointe-Noire close to large exploitable water reserves that meet the need for drinking water, even if, on the whole, the agglomeration is still experiencing many difficulties in terms of its drinking water supply.

Integrating the geology, seismic attributes, and production of reservoirs to adjust interwell areas: A case from the Mangyshlak Basin of West Kazakhstan

Dynamic models of the seismic,geological,and flow characteristics of a reservoir are the main tool used to evaluate the potential of drilling new infill wells.Static geological models are mainly based on borehole data combined with dynamic analyses of production dynamics.They are used to determine the redevelopment of and adjustments to new drilling locations;however,such models rarely incorporate seismic data.Consequently,it is difficult to control the changes in geological models between wells,which results in the configuration of well positions and predicted results being less than ideal.To improve the development of adjusted areas in terms of their remaining oil contents,we developed a new integrated analysis that combines static sediment modelling,including microfacies analysis(among other reservoir and seismic properties),with production behaviours.Here,we illustrate this new process by(1)establishing favourable areas for static geological analysis;(2)studying well recompletion potential and the condition of non-producing wells;(3)conducting interwell analyses with seismic and sedimentary data;(4)identifying potential sites constrained by seismic and geological studies,as well as initial oilfield production;(5)providing suggestions in a new well development plan.

Geochemical characteristics and sedimentary environment of the Middle Devonian organic-rich shales in the Northwest of Guizhong Depression, Southwest China

In order to figure out the redox conditions and paleo-sedimentary environment of the Middle Devonian shales in the northwest of Guizhong Depression,the trace element analysis was conducted on the Middle Devonian cores(320.35–938.50 m)of the typical shale gas investigation well(GY-1)at a 1.50 m sampling interval through X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy(XRF)and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).According to the test result,the average values of V/(V+Ni),V/Cr and Ni/Co in Nabiao formation(Fm.)are larger than 0.67,4.65 and 7.71 respectively,and Nabiao Fm.is rich in biological assemblages such as tabasheer,ammonite,etc.These evidences indicate the rising sea level rose relatively in the sedimentation period of Nabiao Fm.and a deepwater shelf environment,which was favorable for the preservation of organic matters.The V/(V+Ni),V/Cr and Ni/Co in Luofu Fm.and Tangting Fm.are 0.38–0.65,0.73–4.10 and 3.70–6.72 respectively,indicating that the sea level dropped relatively in their sedimentation period,during which the water bodies became shallow,and the sedimentary environment was a weak oxidizing shallow water shelf environment.In addition,the variation of TOC has a high correlation with the enrichment degree of Ba element,indicating the favorable conditions for the enrichment and preservation of organic matters under an oxygen-deficient environment.Moreover,according to the identification of trace element indexes,the northwest of Guizhong Depression experienced the sedimentary cycle of relative rise to relative fall of sea level from bottom to top in the Middle Devonian sedimentation period.The relative sea level rose to the highest in the sedimentation period of Nabiao Fm.,in which the organic-rich shales with stable thickness and high organic content were deposited.Hence,the Nabiao Fm.could be regarded as the favorable exploration target interval in this area.

Geophysical and Hydrogeological Investigations in the Cuvelai-Etosha Sedimentary Basin,Namibia

The project"Groundwater Investigation in the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin"was a 3 year project in the framework of the German-Namibian Technical Cooperation,concluded between the Republic of Namibia and the Federal Republic of Germany.The study is conducted by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry(DWAF) and the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources(BGR).

九分量横波三维地震在生物气区沉积储层研究中的应用——以柴达木盆地三湖坳陷台东地区更新统七个泉组为例

为解决疏松岩性含气区沉积相恢复及储层预测难题,基于中国首例九分量横波三维地震资料的地震沉积学分析,应用地震地貌学和地震岩性学建立四级等时地层格架,研究柴达木盆地台东地区更新统七个泉组沉积相和储层特征。研究方法和思路:首先,利用九分量横波地震相位旋转、分频融合和地层切片技术,在卫星影像揭示沉积模式的基础上恢复主要标准层沉积相;然后,利用地震属性提取、主因子分析和随机拟合技术计算重点砂体的储层厚度和物性参数,经盲测井检验效果较好。研究结果表明:研究区七个泉组的优势沉积相为三角洲前缘和浅湖,三原色融合切片揭示发育2个旋回,同期存在3套水下分流河道体系;其中七个泉组中下部分流河道砂体厚度大、分布广、物性最好,是研究区有利储层,其渗透率还受成岩作用影响;分流河道砂体储层向涩北一号气田以西延伸范围较广,为该区勘探向西侧外围区扩展提供了依据。

中国海域沉积盆地咸水层二氧化碳地质封存潜力

二氧化碳地质封存是二氧化碳捕集利用封存(CCUS)技术的关键环节,海域二氧化碳地质封存是将工业碳排放源或油气开发过程中捕集的二氧化碳,以超临界态注入到海底咸水层、废弃或开发中油气藏等地质体中,实现与大气长期隔离的过程。因远离人类居住地且有海水覆盖、具有“安全性高、环境风险小”特点,海域二氧化碳地质封存受到欧美等国家和地区的高度重视。本文在分析我国海域沉积盆地基本地质条件基础上,采用创新的模型体积法评价了我国海域沉积盆地咸水层二氧化碳地质封存潜力。研究表明,我国海域沉积盆地新生界厚度大,地壳稳定性较好,具有中低地温场特征,发育多套储碳-封盖组合,构造地层圈闭多,二氧化碳地质封存条件优越、咸水层封存潜力巨大。这将为我国海洋地质碳封存区带评价和目标区优选提供依据,对我国沿海省市碳达峰碳中和路径规划和离岸碳封存示范工程预研究具有重要意义。

特提斯域演化对四川超级盆地油气系统形成的影响

基于“单向裂解—聚合”地球动力学模型,研究特提斯域演化对四川超级盆地油气系统形成的影响,探讨天然气富集规律。结果表明:①四川盆地及周缘新元古代—三叠纪历经了原特提斯洋和古特提斯洋叠加影响的两次单向裂解—聚合旋回,侏罗纪—新生代并入新特提斯构造域及环青藏高原盆山体系,板块内部各幕次构造运动控制沉积充填形式。②特提斯域演化、古气候环境和重大地质事件控制了盆地内部优质烃源岩形成与分布;裂谷、克拉通内裂陷、被动大陆边缘斜坡和克拉通内凹陷是烃源岩发育的有利地质构造单元。③特提斯域演化、超级大陆旋回、全球海平面变化以及构造-气候事件控制了碳酸盐台地及储盖组合的分布;克拉通台地边缘、台地内部水下地貌高带是寻找碳酸盐岩高能相带的重点区,同沉积古隆起及围斜区、区域性不整合面和后期改造断裂带是规模碳酸盐岩储层分布区;区域性蒸发岩或者泥页岩盖层有利于盆地油气大规模保存。④早期构造-沉积演化格局和后期构造改造程度共同影响的成藏要素时空匹配关系是油气富集的关键,未来油气勘探要重点关注南华纪裂谷期潜在含气系统,四川盆地东部—南部地区寒武系盐下含气系统以及二叠系、三叠系全油气系统等领域。

陆相细粒沉积岩岩相组合类型划分研究现状及其油气地质意义

细粒沉积岩是陆相页岩油气重要的烃源岩和储集层。然而该类岩石具有岩相类型多样、垂向叠置复杂的特征,已知大部分获得高产油气井对应的甜点层通常为多种岩相类型的组合。当前,细粒沉积岩岩相分类方案仍存在分歧,岩相组合相关研究尚处于初步阶段。通过对比近年来国内学者关于陆相细粒沉积岩岩相类型划分方案的差异性,梳理了岩相组合的划分依据,探寻岩相组合划分新方法及其研究的油气地质意义。认为在岩相类型识别基础上,开展天文旋回理论指导下的岩相组合类型划分、展布特征刻画,对于陆相页岩油甜点精细预测具有重要意义;分析不同岩相组合源-储耦合特征、油气分布特征,注重微运移的相关研究有助于提升对页岩油气差异性富集的认识。

海上稀疏井区高精度地层格架约束下的地震沉积学刻画——以东海盆地西湖凹陷中央背斜带X区块古近系花港组为例

海上工区面积辽阔,单井资料匮乏,花港组内部横向上的沉积微相界定存在争议、纵向上的沉积演化规律不明。为充分挖掘现有井、震资料的地质解释潜力,选取东海盆地西湖凹陷中央背斜带X区块古近系花港组为研究对象,提出了井-震小波变换建立高精度等时地层格架、井点沉积相标志定相类型、分频RGB属性刻画沉积相展布以及古地貌恢复辅助沉积相演化规律分析的地震沉积学解释技术。研究结果表明:(1)测井-地震小波变换结果有较好的一致性,可将研究区花港组分为花港组上段(花上段)3个(H1—H3)和花下段5个(H4—H8)四级旋回,并在此基础上建立高精度等时地层格架。(2)根据岩心相、测井相和地震相相互印证,确认研究区花港组沉积期为辫状河三角洲沉积环境。分频振幅属性验证不同厚度砂岩层在15,30和45 Hz单频体的振幅响应明显,采用分频RGB属性融合可在平面凸显不同沉积体的边界。(3)研究区H1和H2旋回整体为三角洲前缘沉积,H3—H6旋回为浅水背景下的三角洲平原-前缘沉积,H7和H8旋回为辫状河三角洲平原沉积,砂层组沉积相垂向演化受控于物源供给、相对湖平面高低和古地貌形态。在井-震时频分析建立等时地层格架基础上,通过相关性分析优选属性进行RGB融合能够凸显不同厚度砂岩的展布,减少了人为主观因素的影响,提升了沉积体边界的识别能力,可为其他井网稀疏地带沉积相刻画提供借鉴。

塔里木盆地西南部晚白垩世——早古新世沉积环境演化:来自皮山PBX1井的地化证据

【研究目的】白垩纪与古近纪之交发生过地质历史上重大的灾变和异常事件,致使K/Pg界线成为全球最重要的地质界线之一。通过对塔里木盆地晚白垩世—早古新世沉积环境的研究,有助于重建特提斯北部盆地群塔里木盆地的古环境。【研究方法】本文通过塔里木盆地西南部PBX1井岩心的地球化学元素敏感指标研究K/Pg上下环境的变化。【研究结果】晚白垩世晚期古气候属于干热型,早古新世呈现短暂温湿型。古盐度由晚白垩世正常海洋环境向早古新世半咸水、海陆过渡盐湖环境转换,K/Pg界线位置处,古盐度达到最低值。氧化-还原环境由晚白垩世富氧→贫氧的弱氧化-弱还原环境经历了K/Pg事件之后短暂向早古新世富氧环境转化,而后整体上由贫氧的弱氧化-弱还原环境向极贫氧的还原环境演化。【结论】PBX1井地球化学元素敏感指标揭示了中生代—新生代之交灾变异常事件在塔里木盆地响应特征,也是特提斯洋北部盆地群晚白垩世—早古新世沉积环境演化的有效证据。

“古地理学术论坛”第1—17期评述

以《古地理学报》中文版、英文版编辑部为主,联合中国矿物岩石地球化学学会岩相古地理专业委员会、国际古地理学会和中国石油大学(北京)共同举办的“古地理学术论坛”,是促进古地理学创新发展、倡导开展公益学术讲座的学术交流平台。从2022年9月论坛开始至2024年1月共举办了17期,共计邀请21位专家学者(包括外国专家4位)在论坛作报告。报告内容紧密结合生产实践和科技前沿,既有高屋建瓴的沉积古地理学综述,也有与油气勘探关系密切的沉积体系与沉积环境、源汇系统、层序地层学、深水沉积研究,以及与深时古环境重建有关的事件沉积、遗迹化石、古野火、碳酸盐沉积、构造古地理学研究,还包括铝土矿成因等矿产沉积学研究。总体看来,系列报告理论联系实践,既立足基础又关注前沿,受到学者们较高的关注。

西大别地区吕王-高桥混杂岩带石墨赋矿岩系碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄:对中元古代海相沉积事件的约束

【研究目的】扬子陆块北缘大别山地区古元古代—中元古代的物质记录有限,制约了前寒武纪地质构造演化认识。大别山核部吕王—高桥混杂岩带内“石墨片岩–石英岩夹大理岩”沉积岩系的年代学研究可为大别山地区中元古代古洋(海)盆演化提供新约束,对区域前寒武纪成矿与找矿提供科学指导。【研究方法】在开展1∶10000地质测量查明混杂岩带岩石组合特征的基础上,本文重点利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱方法,对赋石墨矿变沉积岩系的石英岩开展锆石原位U–Pb同位素测年。【研究结果】大别造山带核部发育中元古代“石墨片岩–石英岩夹大理岩”变沉积岩系,为一套浅海相沉积、成熟度高的砂岩。石英岩原岩的碎屑锆石年龄峰值主要为2.55 Ga、2.06 Ga、1.86 Ga及1.43 Ga,最年轻峰值年龄1.43 Ga约束了原岩沉积时代下限。这套变沉积岩原岩沉积时代为中元古代晚期,其沉积物源可能主要来自扬子陆块基底。【结论】吕王—高桥混杂岩带保留了大别山核部较早的海相沉积记录,并为区域石墨成矿提供了物质基础。该变沉积岩系原岩可能形成于中元古代哥伦比亚超大陆裂解期的扬子陆块边缘海盆地。

浙东沿海典型沉积盆地CO_(2)地质封存潜力与试点意义分析——以长河盆地为例

碳捕集利用和封存(CCUS)技术是实现全球碳中和不可或缺的技术,开展CO_(2)地质封存(CCS)工作有助于实现碳中和的目标。中国东部沿海发达城市分布众多发电厂、炼化厂等CO_(2)大排放源,对CO_(2)封存需求较高。为缓解地区CO_(2)排放压力,挖掘东部沿海地区周围具有封存潜力的中小型沉积盆地,在搜集区域地质资料的基础上,选取浙江省杭州湾南岸的长河盆地作为研究对象,计算盆地封存潜力,并分析中小盆地封存试点意义。根据沉积盆地CO_(2)地质储存潜力评价方法,计算盆地咸水层CO_(2)地质封存潜力,评价结果表明,长河盆地具有较好的咸水层CO_(2)地质封存潜力。盆地最具封存潜力的是古近系长河组二段(Ech^(2))中的第一砂岩层和长河组一段(Ech^(1))中的砂砾岩层,预期理论封存量为4.84亿t,有效封存量可以达到1 162.61万t。研究结果表明,开展中小沉积盆地CO_(2)地质封存工程试点,可在一定程度上缓解沿海地区和企业碳排放压力,为海域碳封存积累技术和经验。

川西南部地区下二叠统栖霞阶层序地层特征及岩相古地理

【目的】西接康滇古陆的四川盆地西南部下二叠统栖霞阶近年来展示出良好的勘探潜力,然而针对该地区地层充填规律及古地理格局的观点还并不统一,严重制约了下一步盆内精细的油气勘探和井位部署。【方法】以四川盆地西南部下二叠统栖霞阶梁山组和栖霞组为研究对象,综合利用野外剖面、钻井岩心和测录井等资料,在岩石类型与沉积相分析的基础上,运用海相碳酸盐岩层序地层学原理与方法,对栖霞阶层序界面进行识别。并采用单因素分析多因素综合作图法,以三级层序为编图单位,结合优势相原则,分别绘制研究区栖霞阶SQ0+SQ1和SQ2层序岩相古地理图。【结果】在栖霞阶中识别出4个三级层序界面,从下到上分别为梁山组底界面(I型)、栖一段内部界面(II型)、栖一段\栖二段界面(II型)和栖霞组\茅口组界面(I型),并将其划分为3个三级层序,每个层序均由海侵域和高位域组成。通过层序地层格架的对比分析,认为栖霞阶下部的SQ0层序大致对应于传统划分的梁山组+栖一段下部地层,仅发育于研究区内的栖霞阶地层沉积前古地貌低地,并且具有向古地貌高地超覆的层序充填特征,中部的SQ1层序和上部的SQ2层序则遍布全区。川西南栖霞阶层序岩相古地理格局总体上表现为西接康滇古陆的海相碳酸盐岩台地,古地貌和沉积相带分异比较明显,自西向东依次为:康滇古陆及其东缘的潮坪、台内洼地、台内丘滩体,以及开阔—半局限海台地,而且沿台内坡折带发育的台内丘滩体往往具有环洼规模分布的趋势。【结论】通过剖析台内坡折带对碳酸盐岩成储的影响,指出SQ2层序(栖二段)是研究区栖霞阶最有利于台内丘滩体这一潜力储集相带发育的层位,环台洼坡折带发育的丘滩体相带附近是有利的勘探区。从层序地层学角度重新认识栖霞阶充填模式及岩相古地理特征,为川西南部下二叠统栖霞阶的下一步储层预测及勘探开发提供全新的理论支撑。

柴达木盆地北缘新生代沉积物再旋回作用研究:以大红沟剖面为例

【研究目的】近来,越来越多的研究显示沉积物再旋回作用在构造事件反演、沉积物源区识别以及风尘沉积溯源等方面具有重要作用。【研究方法】为了探究柴达木盆地新生代沉积物再旋回作用,本文对柴北缘大红沟剖面的砂岩进行了薄片鉴定、碎屑颗粒统计和重矿物等分析,以及对泥岩进行了主微量与稀土元素、黏土矿物等分析。【研究结果】大红沟剖面泥岩的主微量元素与稀土元素分别表现出相似的大陆上地壳(UCC)和球粒陨石标准化配分模式,可能表明沉积物已完全混合或发生再旋回作用;砂岩的主要成分为石英以及少量的长石和岩屑,其中岩屑主要由沉积岩屑组成,表明其源区主要为再旋回造山带;剖面上部稳定重矿物的含量和锆石、电气石和金红石(ZTR)指数突然降低,这表明后期可能主要为近源堆积;相反,黏土矿物中易发生分解的绿泥石的含量在剖面上部突然增加,这也表明此时的物源区更近,有更多的绿泥石保存下来。【结论】综合已有的地层沉积相、砂岩薄片以及碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄等资料,认为柴北缘逆冲褶皱带内广泛分布的侏罗系和白垩系沉积岩曾经历过大规模的沉积物再旋回作用,是盆地新生代地层的重要源区之一;近来的碎屑磷灰石裂变径迹分析表明,柴北缘新生代沉积岩在9~7 Ma经历了显著的沉积物再旋回作用;随着逆冲褶皱作用进一步向盆地内部扩展,~3 Ma以后盆地北部的隆起区沉积岩再次经历沉积物再旋回作用,可能成为柴达木盆地第四纪湖泊以及中国黄土高原黄土的重要源区。

1∶20万区域重力调查成果分析——以可可西里湖地区为例

可可西里湖地区位于青藏高原北部,地质工作程度较低,为认识测区主要地层展布、断裂构造、岩浆岩及沉积盆地分布,在可可西里湖地区开展1∶20万区域重力调查,进行数据处理和综合研究,结果表明:本区地壳趋于均衡补偿,莫霍面与地势大致呈“镜像”关系;共推断断裂21条,东昆仑南断裂是西域板块和华南板块的边界,其以北地区莫霍面快速抬升,东昆仑中断裂位置较以往偏北约12 km;圈定侵入岩10处,主要在东昆仑中缝合带发育;识别中新生代沉积盆地9处,并反演底界面埋深变化,楚玛尔河盆地新生界厚度在2000 m以上;在速度结构和电性结构约束下,通过重力2.5维定量反演建立了地质地球物理剖面模型,分析了主要构造单元的地质特征,同时初步划分金属矿找矿远景区4处。