Preparation of Tartary Buckwheat Seed Coating Agent and Its Effect on Germination

To mitigate the wastage of seed resources and reduce the usage of pesticides and fertilizers, seed coating agentshave gained popularity. This study employs single-factor and multi-index orthogonal experimental design methodsto investigate the seed coating formula and physical properties of Tartary buckwheat. The specific effects ofeach component on Tartary buckwheat seed germination are analyzed. The findings reveal that the seed coatingagent formulated with 1.5% polyvinyl alcohol, 0.15% sodium alginate, 0.2% op-10, 0.1% polyacrylamide, 8% colorant,3% ammonium sulfate, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.15% carbendazim exhibits the mosteffective coating. It demonstrates optimal physical properties and promotes seed germination efficiently. The suspensionrate of this seed coating agent reaches 91.12%, with a mere 2.13% coating shedding rate and 2.5% coatingseed rot rate. Furthermore, it achieves a germination percentage of 99.17%, which is 20.84% higher than the lowestgroup. The germination potential and index are also significantly higher than the lowest group, with anincrease of 20.84% and 26.56%, respectively. Additionally, the vitality index is 553.08, a 15.75% increase comparedto the lowest group. The application of seed coating agents helps reduce seed resource loss, increase plant numbers,and ultimately enhance agricultural yields. This finding holds practical significance in agriculturalproduction.

Effects of Different Seed Coating Agents on the Quality of"Grey-matter"Hybrid Rice Seeds

[Objectives]This study was conducted to select suitable mixed seed coating agents for improving the quality of"grey-matter"hybrid rice seeds.[Methods]Three different mixed seed coating agents(A,B,C)were used to coat the seeds of two varieties(Taiyou 390 and Zhenliangyou 8612)of hybrid rice with different"grey-matter"content(5%,15%,25%),and the results were investigated and compared.[Results]The combinations of treatment B(seed coating agent A+Linong)and treatment C(Manshijin+seed coating agent A)could significantly improve indexes including seed germination potential,germination rate,seed vigor,seedling height,fibrous roots and fresh weight of the two varieties with a"grey-matter"content greater than 15%,but had no significant effects on main root length,dry weight,leaf number and tiller number,and the effects of treatment B was better than those of treatment C.That is to say,mixed seed coating agent B(seed coating agent A+Linong)was suitable for use as a seed coating agent to improve the quality of"grey-matter"seeds.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference plan for the safe use of mixed seed batches with"grey-matter"deterioration.

Fine-mapping and primary analysis of candidate genes associated with seed coat color in mung bean(Vigna radiata L.)

Seed coat color affects the appearance and commodity quality of mung beans(Vigna radiata L.).The substances that affect mung bean seed coat color are mainly flavonoids,which have important medicinal value.Mapping the seed coat color gene in mung beans would facilitate the development of new varieties and improve their value.In this study,an F2 mapping population consisting of 546 plants was constructed using Jilv9(black seed coat)and BIS9805(green seed coat).Using bulk segregated analysis(BSA)sequencing and kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP)markers,the candidate region related to seed coat color was finally narrowed to 0.66 Mb on chromosome(Chr.)4 and included eight candidate genes.Combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses showed that three of the eight candidate genes(LOC106758748,LOC106758747,and LOC106759075)were differentially expressed,which may have caused the differences in flavonoid metabolite content between Jilv9 and BIS9805.These findings can provide a research basis for cloning the genes related to seed coat color and accelerate molecular markerassisted selection breeding in mung beans.

Influence of Seed Coating Formulations on Maize Production

Effects of four coating formulations on maize production were studied. The results showec that all coating formulations had some effects on improving maize seedlings, strengthening the resistance againt diseases and pests and increasing the yields in dtifferent degrees, especially Paxil which increased the com yield by 12.0%, significantly higher than the control.

Physicochemical Property Testing of a Novel Maize Seed Coating Agent and Its Antibacterial Mechanism Research

We used the no pollution natural polymer polysaccharide chitosan as the main raw material, which is supplemented by other additives, to prepare a high-efficiency environmental friendly maize seed coating agent. By detecting the seed quality, maize seedling indexes, which include root activity, chlorophyll content and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and through the results we found that this seed coating agent could improve the photosynthetic capacity and enhance seedling resistance. Laboratory bacteriostasis test and study showed that the antibacterial rate of this seed coating agent has reached more than 88%. Meanwhile, we analyzed and studied the antimicrobial mechanism of the seed coating agent.

Preparation of a Novel Highly Effective and Environmental Friendly Wheat Seed Coating Agent

A novel environmental friendly wheat seed coating agent was prepared from the natural polymer,biological pesticide,microfertilizer,microelements and other additives.The laboratory and field test results showed that it could enhance the yield up to 16% and reduce its input cost to 1/6 as compared with the conventional wheat seed coating agent.It is safe without causing any pollution and would have significant economic and environmental benefits.

Preparation of a Novel Environmental Soybean Seed Coating Agent

In the study, a novel environmental soybean seed coating agent was made of natural polymer, trace elements, trace fertilizer and biopesticides etc., with the condition of high performance-to-price ratio and environmental friendliness. Effects of this soybean seed coating agent on soybean yield were tested through the laboratory and farm experiments. The tested results showed that the soybean yield using this seed coating agent was increased by 15.46%, and its cost was decreased by 27.8%, compared with the conventional soybean seed coating agent. It’s nontoxic and harmless to human and animals, more friendly to the environment. So it has obvious economic and environmental benefits.

Effect and Mechanism of Cold Tolerant Seed-Coating Agents on the Cold Tolerance of Early Indica Rice Seedlings

To better understand the effect and mechanism of cold tolerant seed-coating agents on the cold tolerance of rice seedlings, the physiological and biochemical effects of four cold tolerant seed-coating agents （HET, YKJ, YKZYJ, and the ABA seed coating agents） on two early indica rice varieties were studied under chilling stress. The results showed that the rice seedlings treated with cold tolerant seed-coating agents under chilling stress maintained dramatically higher root vigor, POD, CAT and SOD activities, and chlorophyll content, had lower MDA content and electrolyte leakage, and accumulated more soluble sugar and free proline, when compared with the control without the treatment, and finally showed lower plant injury rate. It was indicated that the cold tolerant seed coating agent improved the ability of rice seedlings in resisting to chilling stress. YKZYJ was ranked the first in terms of the efficiency in cold tolerance among the four cold tolerant seed-coating agents tested.

Activity test and mechanism study of an environmentally friendly wheat seed coating agent

This novel environmentally friendly wheat seed coating agent which has been made with natural polymer as the primary material could increase yield by about 9% compared with the conventionally virulent wheat seed coating agent. In the premise of this production, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and peroxidase (POD) was determined. The results show that, after treated by the self-made wheat seed coating agent, the contents of the MDA were less than traditional group and the blank control group and POD contents were higher than traditional group and blank control group, this provides a good foundation on the further research of self-control wheat seed coating agent.

22个芍药品种种籽功能性成分分析

以22个芍药品种为试验材料,探究其出仁率、出油率以及种籽中籽油、籽粕和种皮中的功能性成分和含量。结果表明,通过超临界流体萃取仪提取芍药籽油,测得参试品种出油率为15.96%~26.62%,平均为22.12%;经气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析表明,参试芍药籽油中的脂肪酸主要为油酸、亚麻酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸等,籽油中的总不饱和脂肪酸超过85%,营养价值和保健功能较高,具有开发利用的潜力;芍药籽油榨取后副产物籽粕中总黄酮、芍药苷和粗蛋白的含量分别为7.78 mg/g、24.85 mg/g和16.92%,种皮中总黄酮和白藜芦醇的含量分别为107.30和3.11 mg/g。综上所述,籽粕和种皮既可作为功能性营养保健品的原料开发利用,也可作为新型高营养饲料使用,表明芍药具有较高的综合利用潜力,能够为相关产业的发展提供重要参考。

大豆巢式关联作图(NAM)群体构建及花色和种皮色遗传分析

巢式关联作图(Nested Association Mapping,NAM)群体在作物学遗传与育种研究中具有广泛的应用。本研究在前期大豆种质资源评价基础上,利用35份不同地区来源的代表性种质与中豆41(公共母本)杂交,构建了一套大豆NAM群体。PCA和聚类分析发现,不同亲本组合的RIL群体基本聚在一起,显示出清晰的遗传结构。利用该NAM群体亲本间花色和种皮色具有显著差异的RIL群体进行全基因组关联分析,定位到1个主要位点qFC13-1与花色显著关联,该位点与W1位点重合;定位到12个位点与种皮色显著相关,其中9个位点为3种以上方法共定位,3个位点为2种方法共定位,包括4个已知位点和8个新位点。研究结果表明,构建的NAM群体适于进行大豆相关性状遗传分析,为大豆复杂性状的遗传解析和育种实践提供了良好的基础材料。

基于深度学习的玉米包衣种子品种识别

为实现玉米包衣种子品种低成本、高效便捷识别,基于智能手机采集的18个品种4种颜色的23100张玉米包衣种子双面图像构建数据集,采用轻量级卷积神经网络模型ShuffleNetV2、MobileNetV3、MobileViT、MobileOne、RepGhostNet和基于上述模型的集成模型分别进行玉米包衣种子品种识别。结果表明,5种单一模型均具有较高的识别准确率和综合性能,识别准确率分别为98.48%、98.23%、98.44%、98.23%和98.01%,模型大小分别为1.55、4.96、4.42、6.97、4.19 MB,推理速度分别为106、94、84、212、94 f/s。集成模型相比单一模型具有更高的识别准确率,其中,ShuffleNetV2和MobileViT组成的集成模型识别准确率达到99.22%。分析发现,品种误识别仅发生在相同颜色包衣种子品种之间,并且随着相同颜色包衣种子品种数量增多,模型对该颜色包衣种子的识别准确率有下降的趋势。

天津地区水稻恶苗病防治药剂筛选试验

天津市优质农产品开发示范中心开展水稻恶苗病防治药剂筛选试验。试验表明,17%杀螟·乙蒜素+80%乙蒜素对恶苗病的防效达100%,节本高效;经1万hm2以上生产实践检验,1 kg带菌种子用17%杀螟·乙蒜素5 g+80%乙蒜素0.6 ml浸种处理7~8 d,种水比1:1.1~1.2,恶苗病病株最少,仅个别种植户因操作不当本田零星出现恶苗病。

种衣剂防治小麦茎基腐病效果的评价

茎基腐病已成为黄淮小麦主产区最具破坏性的土传病害之一,对我国粮食安全供给构成严重威胁。目前抗茎基腐病主栽品种稀少,生产上主要依赖于化学农药措施。药剂拌种可以有效防治茎基腐病。综合评价现有的种衣剂对小麦茎基腐病的防治及增产效果,以期为合理用药提供依据。采取高感茎基腐病小麦品种郑麦1354为研究对象,播种前种子包衣晾干,利用高致病力茎基腐病菌株PY20-20培养小米菌谷,连续2个小麦生长季利用进行人工接种病圃,包衣种子和接种菌谷等重量混合播种,分别于小麦拔节期和乳熟期记载处理小区植株发病情况,调查9种种衣剂处理后不同生育期的病情指数(disease index,DI),成熟收获后测定小区实际产量,结合小麦产量相关性状,比较种衣剂防病增产作用。结果表明:种衣剂处理后拔节期茎基腐病DI值均小于1.0,显著小于空白对照(5.07),防治效果为85.09%~100%,其中33 g·L^(-1)咯菌·噻虫胺、9%苯甲·吡虫啉和35 g·L^(-1)精甲霜灵·咯菌腈的防效达到为97%~100%。在乳熟期,种衣剂处理后茎基腐病DI平均值低于15,显著小于空白对照(81.55),其中35 g·L^(-1)精甲霜灵·咯菌腈和9%苯甲·吡虫啉防效较好,平均防效分别达到92%和95%,而且分别增产39.62%和36.31%。综合而言,采用种衣剂35 g·L^(-1)精甲霜灵·咯菌腈和9%苯甲·吡虫啉防治小麦茎基腐病效果好且增产效果显著,具有较好的应用前景。

种子包衣再浸种双重措施对水稻恶苗病的防治效果

为了缓解黑龙江省局部地区水稻恶苗病病害的加重态势,探寻种子包衣+浸种双重处理应用于水稻恶苗病防治的可行性,选用5%精甲·咯·嘧菌FS、62.5 g·L^(-1)精甲·咯菌腈FSC种子包衣,然后用氰烯菌酯浸种,进行田间小区探索试验。结果表明,5%精甲·咯·嘧菌FS、62.5 g·L^(-1)精甲·咯菌腈FSC种子包衣+25%氰烯菌酯SC浸种的双重处理对水稻出苗及生长安全,可以显著增强秧苗素质,对水稻恶苗病的平均防治效果达98.47%~100.00%,显著高于单一种子包衣或单一浸种处理。说明种子包衣再浸种双重处理是提高水稻恶苗病防效的有效措施,生产上,优先推荐5%精甲·咯·嘧菌FS 1000 mL·(100 kg)^(-1)种子包衣+25%氰烯菌酯SC 2000倍液浸种,其次推荐62.5 g·L^(-1)精甲·咯菌腈FSC 400 mL·(100 kg)^(-1)种子包衣+25%氰烯菌酯SC 2000倍液浸种,5%精甲·咯·嘧菌FS 750 mL·(100 kg)^(-1)种子包衣+25%氰烯菌酯SC 2000倍液浸种,感病品种或带菌种子建议提高施用剂量。

加工专用型双青大豆齐农绿1号的选育研究

随着特用型双青大豆商品原料需求量日益增多,现有双青豆品种的商品产出量不能满足生产和市场需要,尤其是双青豆新品种的更新换代速度与育成数量不及普通类型品种,现有生产应用的品种相对单一,老品种在生产上连年种植,种性退化,对病虫草害的抵抗能力减弱,造成产量和品质降低,有碍于双青大豆产业的健康发展。针对存在的问题,黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院大豆研究团队开展了双青大豆育种工作,选育出双青大豆齐农绿1号,该品种属特用型绿种皮绿子叶大豆品种。适宜在黑龙江省第四积温带≥10℃活动积温2250℃区域种植,在适应区出苗至成熟生育日数113 d左右。株高89 cm左右,有分枝,白花、尖叶、亚有限结荚习性,灰色茸毛,荚弯镰形、成熟时呈褐色,籽粒圆形、种皮绿色有光泽,种脐褐色,百粒重20.6 g左右。2020—2021年区域试验平均产量2630.4 kg·hm^(-2),较对照品种广石绿大豆1号增产9.8%;中抗灰斑病;平均蛋白质含量39.39%,脂肪含量20.04%。该品种的育成,既为特用型双青大豆生产提供新品种支撑,满足市场对新品种的需求,提升品种对产业的贡献度,又为双青大豆育种特供优异的亲本资源,拓宽了遗传基础,加快了双青大豆新品种的培育速度。

锰肥和锌肥种子包衣对花生的降镉效果

花生对土壤中的镉(Cd)具有较强的富集能力,我国花生Cd超标现象局部地区较为严重,Mn、Zn离子可通过拮抗作用降低作物对Cd的吸收,本研究探究Mn肥、Zn肥种子包衣处理对花生Cd吸收转运的影响,以期为花生产地土壤Cd污染风险管控与修复提供技术支撑。首先通过种子萌发试验筛选出3个锰(Mn)和锌(Zn)较适宜的包衣剂浓度,再进一步通过盆栽试验筛选出降镉效果最优的Mn和Zn包衣剂浓度,并探究了Mn肥和Zn肥种子包衣对Cd污染土壤上花生富集转运Cd的影响。种子萌发试验结果表明,中低浓度的Mn肥、Zn肥种子包衣处理不会影响种子发芽率且可以促进根生长,浓度过高则会明显抑制种子萌发。盆栽试验结果表明,Mn肥和Zn肥种子包衣剂中,3%锰肥包衣剂(Mn3)和2%锌肥包衣剂(Zn2)包衣处理籽粒降镉效果最显著,降镉率分别达到19.0%和24.1%,其中Zn2降镉效果更优。与对照相比,Mn3和Zn2处理根系Cd富集系数均显著降低,根向茎叶Cd转运能力明显增加,茎叶向籽粒Cd转运系数呈下降趋势,根系向籽粒Cd转运系数则无明显变化。Mn3和Zn2处理花生植株总Cd吸收量相比对照分别下降了9.18%和13.6%,花生籽粒及根系Cd含量均与根系中Mn、Zn元素含量呈显著负相关关系。综上,利用Mn、Zn种子包衣处理可通过抑制根系对Cd的吸收以及影响Cd在花生体内的转运来降低花生籽粒Cd含量。本研究提出了利用种子包衣来降低花生Cd含量的技术,为花生产地镉污染风险管控提供了新方法。

大豆种子硬实突变体M_(zp661)的鉴定和基因定位

【目的】硬实是种子物理休眠的表现特征,也是大豆驯化的一个重要性状。硬实性虽然有利于种子在不良环境中生存,但是在生产实践中会严重降低大豆出苗率,同时影响产量和加工品质。采用混合群体分离测序(bulked segregant analysis sequencing,BSA-Seq)解析大豆种子硬实性状的遗传基础及候选基因,为大豆硬实的分子机理研究提供理论依据。【方法】经甲基磺酸乙酯(ethyl methane sulfonate,EMS)诱变大豆中品661种子获得硬实突变体M_(zp661),将其与栽培大豆中黄13(父本)杂交构建重组自交系(recombinant inbred line,RIL)群体,对不同株系的种子进行硬实性、吸水率和种皮解剖结构鉴定。选取RIL群体中硬实型和正常吸胀型2种极端材料分别构建混池,利用BSA-Seq技术检测不同极端材料及亲本基因型,结合欧式距离(euclidean distance,ED)和delta SNP-index、delta InDel-index关联分析方法,开展大豆种子硬实遗传位点的挖掘,进一步利用生物信息学分析、大豆不同组织的转录组数据和基因注释信息挖掘显著关联区域的候选基因。【结果】突变体M_(zp661)后代中,吸胀型种子各部位均具有吸水能力,种子体积随浸水时间延长不断增大,然而,硬实型种子浸水36 h内体积未发生变化,随着浸水时间的持续延长,种皮开始局部出现皱缩,并逐渐向其他部位扩散,子叶恢复吸胀能力。硬实型种子种皮表面光滑且结构紧密、角质层呈规则的网状结构、栅栏层较厚,而吸胀型种子表皮有气孔且结构松散、角质层有微小的裂缝、栅栏层较薄,表明突变体M_(zp661)种子硬实与种皮不透水/气相关;ED和delta SNP-index、delta InDel-index关联分析方法不仅鉴定到已报道种子物理休眠遗传位点qHS1,而且检测到1个一致性关联区域Chr.06:45897227—47746047,该区间共含有189个基因,转录组数据及基因注释挖掘到种子中特异高表达的Glyma.06G275300可能为该关联区域调控大豆种子硬实的关键候选基因。【结论】大豆突变体M_(zp661)种子硬实由种皮不透水/气所致,利用BSA-Seq法鉴定到Glyma.06G275300可能为影响种皮结构的候选基因。

毛竹种子形成过程中形态解剖学特征

为揭示毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)种子生长过程中胚、胚乳、果皮及种皮的发育规律,以桂林海洋山一带的开花毛竹为材料,采集并固定不同时期的开花毛竹种子,使用石蜡制片法制片,显微镜观察胚、胚乳、果皮与种皮的结构变化。结果表明:(1)毛竹花后1 d完成受精并形成合子,合子休眠时长约为5 d。经过原胚阶段、胚芽鞘阶段、幼胚生长阶段及成熟胚阶段,花后40 d的胚发育基本成熟,其发育类型为禾本型。(2)胚乳发育早于胚的发育,其发育类型为核型胚乳,历经游离核、细胞化、细胞分化及成熟4个阶段。在细胞分化阶段胚乳细胞分化形成淀粉胚乳细胞以及糊粉层细胞,淀粉胚乳细胞主要积累淀粉粒,糊粉层细胞主要积累矿质元素、脂类及蛋白质等。(3)花后1 d的果皮细胞及珠被细胞形状规则、内含物丰富、结构完整;花后10~20 d,内、外果皮及珠被细胞层数递减,形状发生改变,中果皮细胞开始出现淀粉粒;花后20~60 d,随着胚乳细胞营养物质的积累及体积的增大,向外产生机械压力,中果皮细胞逐步消解仅剩残留的细胞壁;外果皮细胞呈长条形,细胞壁加厚,与残留的中果皮细胞壁组成保护结构;皮层在种子发育过程中主要起到合成、运输营养物质以及保护胚和胚乳发育的作用。该研究结果为完善毛竹生殖生物学相关内容以及了解竹类植物胚和胚乳的发育提供了理论依据。

新鲜莲子不同组织涩味成分与关键酶基因差异表达分析

为探究新鲜莲子不同组织涩味物质的差异及其合成过程中的关键酶基因,研究了莲子种皮、去种皮后莲肉和莲心中可溶性单宁、不溶性单宁和原花青素含量,同时对单宁合成途径中关键酶活性和相关基因表达量进行测定,结合感官评价和电子舌检测,并采用正交偏最小二乘判别分析和相关性分析。结果表明:引起莲子涩味的主要物质为可溶性单宁;蜡熟期莲子中的单宁对其优良风味的形成具有正向作用;花青素还原酶是影响莲子涩味强度的关键酶,SnANR9影响莲子不同组织涩味物质的合成。