Development of a KASP Marker on Chromosome A05 for Seed Oil Content of Brassica napus

In order to identify the molecular markers that can be widely used in the breeding of Brassica napus L.varieties with high seed oil content under different genetic backgrounds,we developed a Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)marker for seed oil content on the basis of the results from available studies.The verification in the F_(2) population showed that the marker was closely linked to the quantitative trait locus(QTL)for oil content on chromosome A05.The findings helped to breed the‘Fengyou’varieties with high seed oil content in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.

Evaluation of Seed Oil Content in Cucumber Germplasm

With 35 different ecological types of cucumber germplasm resources as test materials, the soxhlet extraction was used to extract the crude fat from the cu- cumber seeds to analyze the seed oil content, with the aim to lay foundations for the application and new variety breeding related with cucumber seed oil. The results showed that there were significant differences in seed oil content between different cucumber varieties with the amplitude of variation rangeing from 31.03% to 40.59%, among which the seed oil content of south China cucumber was the highest of 40.59%, while the seed oil content of north China cucumber was the lowest of 31.03%. Four va.rieties with oil content of greater than 38.50% and four varieties with oil content of less than 32.01% werescreened out.

Effect of salinity on seed germination, growth and ion content in dimorphic seeds of Salicornia europaea L. （Chenopodiaceae）

The halophyte Salicornia europaea L. is a widely distributed salt-tolerant plant species that produces numerous dimorphic seeds. We studied germination and recovery in dimorphic seeds of Central Asian S. europaea under various salinity conditions. We also tested the effects of various salts on Na＋ and K＋ accumulation during plant development from germination to anthesis under greenhouse conditions. We found good germination （close to control） of large seeds under NaCl between 0.5 and 2%, Na2SO4 and 2NaCl ＋ KCl ＋ CaCl between 0.5 and 3%, and 2Na2SO4 ＋ K2SO4 -- MgSO4 between 0.5 and 5%. For the small seeds, we found stimulating effects of chloride salts （both pure and mixed） under 0.5-1% concentrations, and sulfate salts under 0.5-3%. Both types of seeds showed high germination recovery potential. Salt tolerance limits of the two seed types during germination and at the later stages of development were very similar （4-5%）. During plant growth the optimal concentrations of mixed chloride and sulfate salts ranged from 0.5 to 2%. The mechanisms of salt tolerance in the two seed types of S. europaea appear to differ, but complement each other, improving overall adaptation of this species to high salinity.

Evaluation of Total Seed Protein Content in Eleven Arkansas Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Lines

Cowpea is cultivated on more than 11 million hectares with a worldwide production of 5.4 million tons of dried seeds. Cowpea is an affordable source of protein, which is used as an alternative to soybean for people who are allergic to soybean protein. The aim of this research was to assess the variability of the total seed protein content in cowpea. Eleven Arkansas breeding lines were used in this study. Field experiment design was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 2 blocks, and conducted in three different locations within Arkansas State (Fayetteville, Alma, and Hope) in 2015. A standard chemical protocol was performed involving an analysis of the total nitrogen by combustion using an Elementar Rapid N III instrument to estimate the protein content. The average protein content was 25.4%, and ranged from 23.7% to 27.4% with a standard deviation of 1.9%. The significant effects of genotype, environment (location), and genotype by environment were observed for the total seed protein content in cowpea. The broad sense heritability (H2) for cowpea seed protein was estimated to be 57.8% based on the eleven cowpea genotypes studied. The cowpea lines, “Early Scarlet” and 09-204 had the highest seed protein content with 27.4% and 26.9% dried seed weight, respectively. This study provides valuable information on cowpea protein content for breeders to select and utilize those breeding lines with high seed protein content to develop new high protein cowpea cultivars.

A Rapid Method for Measuring Seed Protein Content in Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i>(L.) Walp)

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), a legume crop that is grown in the worldwide, provides beneficial proteins for human consumption and animal feeding. In comparison, Rapid N analyzer as traditional method, has been widely used to measure protein content through the percentage of total nitrogen in the seed’s grounded powder. Near-Infrared Reflectance (NIR) has commonly been used to measure protein content in soybean seeds using whole grain without the need of seed grinding, which makes it possible to obtain fast results at a lower cost-per-analysis than the traditional combustion method. The specific objective of this study is to test a rapid method for measuring cowpea seed protein content by the NIR analyzer comparing to the traditional rapid N analyzer. A total of 240 cowpea genotypes were used in this study, including six seed coat colors, black, blackeye, browneye, cream, pinkeye, and red with 40 cowpea genotypes. The results showed that a linear relationship exists between the NIR analyzer and the Rapid N analyzer in the six different color groups. The correlation efficiency (r) between the seed protein contents from NIR and Rapid N was higher for pinkeye seed (r = 0.867), blackeye (0.771), cream (0.729), browneye (0.700), and red (0.623), respectively, but lower for black seeds, indicating that the NIR analyzer can be used to measure protein content for cowpea seeds with the five types of seed coat except black. Overview, the cowpea seed protein content measured from the NIR analyzer showed a little higher seed protein content. A series of regression models with different seed coat color have been built to adjust to protein content of colorful cowpea seeds from the NIR analyzer. But, it is not recommended to use for black color seeds due to a very low correlation efficiency (r) value with 0.184.

玉米种子真空冷冻干燥微观实验研究及模型分析

目的 探究真空冷冻干燥技术对玉米种子的影响。方法 基于光学显微镜成像及真空冷冻干燥技术探究各冻干条件(冻结终温、升华干燥温度、解析干燥温度)对玉米种子细胞微观结构的影响。对比分析细胞形态学参数(当量直径、周长、面积、圆度)和含水率的变化规律,建立真空冷冻干燥条件与细胞形态学参数变化率之间关联的数学拟合模型。结果 细胞形态学参数变化率和含水率与冻结终温呈负相关趋势,随升华干燥和解析干燥温度的升高呈现先减少后增大的趋势,且升华干燥温度对玉米种子形态学参数变化率影响最大。在冻结终温为-25℃、升华干燥温度为5℃、解析干燥温度为40℃下,含水率(12.81%)最低。在细胞的当量直径(9.2%)、周长(8.4%)、面积(17.68%)的变化率最小且圆度(1.78%)小于4%时,干燥效果最好。采用二次多项式模型,决定系数R2均接近于1,FSSE和FRMSE均接近0。结论 该数学模型能较好地描述各真空冷冻干燥条件对玉米种子细胞形态学参数的影响,可在一定范围内对玉米米种子真空冷冻干燥后的品质进行控制。

大豆地方种质资源鲜籽粒可溶性糖含量的全基因组关联分析

【目的】可溶性糖含量是鲜食大豆重要的品质性状之一,研究大豆鲜籽粒可溶性糖含量的遗传变异,深入解析可溶性糖含量的遗传机制,为鲜食大豆种质创新及品质育种提供依据。【方法】利用来自东北大豆生态区、北方大豆生态区、黄淮海大豆生态区和南方大豆生态区的133份大豆地方种质,在2021年连江春季、福清春季和秋季3个环境下对鲜籽粒可溶性糖含量进行表型测定,结合82187个高质量SNP标记,基于混合线性模型MLM(Q+K)对可溶性糖含量进行全基因组关联分析,挖掘可溶性糖含量显著相关的SNP位点,并以显著SNP位点为中心,两端各扩展119.07 kb连锁不平衡衰减距离为候选区间,根据候选区间内基因的注释和组织表达信息预测候选基因。【结果】3个环境下,鲜籽粒可溶性糖含量的变异范围为3.37—33.84 mg·g^(-1),遗传变异系数为24.59%—32.69%,可溶性糖含量遗传率为68.14%。通过全基因组关联分析,连江春季、福清春季和秋季3个环境下分别检测到与鲜籽粒可溶性糖含量显著关联的SNP有6、8和22个,表型变异解释率为12.43%—29.27%,以表型变异解释率较高的9个显著SNP位点所在的候选区间进行搜索,共获得86个基因,结合基因注释和组织表达信息,进一步筛选到9个候选基因,主要涉及转录因子、糖蛋白家族和糖类合成转运等生物学过程。其中,Glyma.01g016500、Glyma.13g042100、Glyma.16g131800和Glyma.16g155300在大豆种子及荚中表达水平较高,可作为大豆鲜籽粒可溶性糖的最具潜力候选基因。【结论】通过全基因组关联分析,检测到36个与鲜籽粒可溶性糖含量显著关联的SNP,进一步筛选出9个候选基因可能参与大豆鲜籽粒可溶性糖含量的调控,其中,Glyma.01g016500、Glyma.13g042100、Glyma.16g131800和Glyma.16g155300可作为调控大豆鲜籽粒可溶性糖含量的关键目标基因。

22个芍药品种种籽功能性成分分析

以22个芍药品种为试验材料,探究其出仁率、出油率以及种籽中籽油、籽粕和种皮中的功能性成分和含量。结果表明,通过超临界流体萃取仪提取芍药籽油,测得参试品种出油率为15.96%~26.62%,平均为22.12%;经气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析表明,参试芍药籽油中的脂肪酸主要为油酸、亚麻酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸等,籽油中的总不饱和脂肪酸超过85%,营养价值和保健功能较高,具有开发利用的潜力;芍药籽油榨取后副产物籽粕中总黄酮、芍药苷和粗蛋白的含量分别为7.78 mg/g、24.85 mg/g和16.92%,种皮中总黄酮和白藜芦醇的含量分别为107.30和3.11 mg/g。综上所述,籽粕和种皮既可作为功能性营养保健品的原料开发利用,也可作为新型高营养饲料使用,表明芍药具有较高的综合利用潜力,能够为相关产业的发展提供重要参考。

SEED SEMICONTINUOUS EMULSION MULTI-COPOLYMERIZATION OF (METH) ACRYLATES WITH HIGH-SOLID CONTENT: EFFECT OF THE OPERATION CONDITIONS

The seeded semicontinuous emulsion multi-copolymerization of butyl acrylate (BA), 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2EHA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), 2-hydroxyl propyl acrylate (HOPA) and acrylic acid (AA) was used to prepare the acrylic latexes with high-solid content. The effects of monomer emulsion feed rates (R(a)) and (R/E)(E) values, the ratio of emulsifier amount between the initial charge (R) and the addition monomer emulsion (E), on the polymerization reaction features, the viscosities, surface tensions,particle sizes and particle sizes distributions of latexes, T-g and the insoluble fractions of films, the 180 degrees peel strength, tack and holding power of pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) tapes, prepared from the latexes, were studied. Experimental study shows that the grafting and crosslinking fraction in the PSA tapes must be controlled within a suitable range to keep the balance of the 180 degrees peel strength, tack and holding power.

The influence of ultra-low moisture content on the seed viability of rice in store

This paper deals with the influence of ultra-lowmoisture content and the rate of desiccation on rice seed viability and physiological property bydesiccating using four kinds of desiccants(phos-

大豆籽粒Ve含量的全基因组关联分析

维生素E(Ve)是大豆油中一种天然抗氧化剂,是评价大豆油营养价值的重要指标。本研究利用含有264份的大豆自然群体在2021年和2022年测定了籽粒中α-、γ-和δ-生育酚含量,并进行全基因组关联分析(Genome-wide association study,GWAS)。本研究共检测到199个与大豆Ve含量显著关联的SNP位点,其中9个可在2个环境或者2个性状被重复检测到,分别位于3号、7号、11号、12号、13号、15号、17号和18号染色体上。其中位于7号染色体上的显著关联信号是控制α-生育酚含量的主效位点,可在2年环境中被检测到,表型变异解释率为9.83%。对该位点候选基因进行筛选,获得一个编码myb转录因子的基因Glyma.07G054000,可能是这个位点的效应基因。另外,在12号染色体上得到2个编码γ-生育酚甲基转移酶的基因Glyma.12G014200和Glyma.12G014300,有可能是影响Ve含量的重要基因。本研究结果有助于解析大豆籽粒Ve含量的遗传基础及其调控机制,为大豆品质遗传改良奠定了基础。

谷子籽粒类黄酮含量和粒色的QTL定位

谷子(Setaria italica L.)是我国北方地区重要的粮食作物,籽粒营养丰富,且富含多种类黄酮物质,对生长发育和品质形成发挥着重要作用。目前谷子籽粒类黄酮合成及粒色形成相关调控机制研究较少。分析谷子类黄酮含量及粒色性状相关的QTL,为类黄酮合成关键基因的精细定位、克隆及功能研究奠定基础,同时,也为揭示谷子类黄酮合成及代谢机制和培育富含类黄酮谷子品种提供技术支撑。本研究以红粒色高类黄酮品种金苗红酒谷和黄粒色低类黄酮品种豫谷28为亲本构建的包含150个家系的重组自交系(RIL)群体为试验材料,在谷子成熟期对籽粒粒色和类黄酮含量相关性状进行分析。同时,采用复合区间作图法(composite interval mapping,CIM)对粒色和类黄酮含量进行QTL定位与分析,并对QTL置信区间内的候选基因进行预测。相关性分析表明,类黄酮含量与粒色呈显著正相关。共定位到4个与类黄酮含量相关和11个与粒色相关的QTL,分别位于1号、2号、5号、6号、7号、8号和9号染色体上,单个QTL的表型贡献率为2.01%~29.25%,6个为主效QTL,其中,qSC1-2和qFLA1-1、qSC7-1和qFLA7-1、qSC9-3和qFLA9-1为2个性状下共同定位到的QTL。通过基因预测与功能注释,筛选出QTL置信区间内5个与类黄酮物质合成及代谢相关的候选基因,表明类黄酮物质的合成、代谢及利用相关基因极有可能控制了这些基因的表达。15个QTL分别聚集于7条染色体上,基于基因功能注释,共筛选了5个与谷子类黄酮合成及代谢相关的候选基因,表明不同QTL位点参与到了共同遗传机制,并可通过分子标记辅助选择进行类黄酮合成及代谢等有利基因的聚合育种。

高油高产大豆精量化播种施肥配套模型的构建

为分析大豆播种、施肥方式对大豆产量及油份含量构成的影响,掌握科学化提质、增产技术措施,以高油高产大豆新品种黑农531为材料,分别设置播种密度、施肥深度和施肥量单因素梯度试验,分析单因素指标对产量构成因子与油分含量的影响。采用二次回归正交试验设计,以产量和油分含量为指标建立大豆播种施肥一体化措施的数学模型,并明确最高产量、最高油分含量下的精量化实施措施组合。结果表明:单株荚数和单株粒数随着播种密度的增加均呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,以28万株·hm^(-2)为临界值;单株荚数和单株粒数随着施肥深度的增加呈现出逐渐增加的趋势,百粒重随着施肥深度的增加呈现出抛物线状变化;单株荚数、单数粒数及百粒重均随施肥量的增加呈现出逐渐增加的趋势,均以375 kg·hm^(-2)为临界值;大豆油份含量随着播种密度增加、施肥层加深、施肥量提高均呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,各播种密度处理之间的油份含量差异不大,浅施肥和增加施肥量均能显著提高大豆油份含量;得出大豆产量与播种密度(X_(1))、施肥深度(X_(2))、施肥量(X_(3))之间的回归方程为:Y=2714.696+47.445X_(1)+15.768X_(2)+2.967X_(3)-0.4908X_(1)^(1)-1.862X_(2)^(2)-0.00122 X_(3)+0.6809X_(1)×X_(2)-0.0783X_(1)×X_(3)-0.0059X_(2)×X_(3)。大豆油份与播种密度、施肥深度、施肥量之间的回归方程为:Y=14.288+0.410X_(1)+0.083X_(2)+0.0146X_(3)-0.00647X_(2)1-0.0108X_(2)2-0.00000817X_(3)^(2)+0.00486X_(1)×X_(2)-0.000316X_(1)×X_(3)-0.0000691X_(2)×X_(3)。通过该模型预测高油高产大豆最高产量可达到3952.023 kg·hm^(-2),达到最大产量需播种密度为28万株·hm^(-2),种下施肥深度为10 cm,施肥量为225.0805 kg·hm^(-2);最高油份可达到22.79%,达到最大油份含量需播种密度为26万株·hm^(-2),种下施肥深度为8.5 cm,施肥量为354.8578 kg·hm^(-2)。研究结果可为促进高油高产大豆生产提供理论基础和技术支持。

香榧种实生长早期枝叶和种实矿质元素质量分数及积累量动态分析

【目的】探究香榧Torreyagrandis‘Merrillii’种实早期生长阶段枝叶与种实矿质元素质量分数、积累量的关系,为科学施肥,提升香榧种仁品质及产量提供依据。【方法】选择浙江农林大学东湖校区(2+17)a香榧试验林(砧木为2年生,嫁接后生长了17 a),采集3月上旬至7月上旬当年生侧枝(含叶片)及2代种实,对枝叶、种实中氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、锌、锰、铜质量分数及积累量动态变化关系进行分析。【结果】香榧种实早期生长阶段,种实横纵径、单果干鲜质量及含水率在4月上旬前无明显变化,4月中旬至6月中旬均增长迅速,之后趋于平稳。4月中下旬至6月中旬,枝叶中氮、磷、钾的积累量下降,而种实中氮、磷积累量及钾质量分数持续上升,表明枝叶中的氮、磷、钾优先供应种实的生长,缓生期与花芽分化期种实对氮、磷、钾的需求量较小,速生期种实对氮、磷、钾需求增加,该现象随时间推移而增强;在时间尺度上,钙在枝叶中逐渐吸收、积累,种实中钙质量分数及积累量则呈显著、极显著降低;速生期后,种实中的镁积累量增高,枝叶中镁积累量及质量分数均随着种实的膨大而下降;香榧种实早期生长阶段枝叶中锌、铜积累量呈下降趋势,种实对锌、铜、锰需求量较小。【结论】①速生期香榧种实的体积和含水率快速增加,进入充实期后趋于稳定。②元素质量分数、积累量与香榧种实生长期密切相关。为提高香榧种实品质,应在种实缓生期末期和速生期开始时施加氮、磷、钾肥,并配合施用适量锌、铜等微量元素肥料,在种实采收后施用镁肥。图5参27.

习近平关于新时代种业振兴重要论述的形成逻辑、主要内容及时代价值

习近平立足时代之基,对马克思主义经典作家关于种子重要性的思想、中华优秀传统文化关于种子的重要认识、中国共产党关于种业发展的宝贵经验进行了创新性发展;从种质资源保护利用、种业科技创新、种业企业培优、种业基地提升、种业知识产权保护等方面回答了怎样进行种业振兴这一时代之问。习近平关于种业振兴的重要论述不仅指明了种业振兴的实践路径,而且还为保障国家粮食安全指明了重要出路,为实现农业现代化提供了科学指引,为世界种业发展贡献了中国智慧。

真空冷冻干燥升华温度对玉米种子品质的影响

本文采用真空冷冻干燥机对玉米种子进行冷冻干燥处理,研究不同升华温度(3℃、5℃、7℃、9℃)条件下其物性指标(含水率、容重、出碴率、颗粒度指数、裂纹率、最大力、最大力点变形)和活性指标(发芽率、呼吸强度、相对导电率)的变化规律。研究结果表明:玉米种子的含水率、容重、出碴率、最大力、最大力点变形随升华温度升高先降低后升高,颗粒度指数随升华温度升高先增大后减小,裂纹率、相对电导率随升华温度升高先升高后降低。不同升华温度的玉米种子活性都有所下降,发芽率也都有所下降。在升华温度5℃下玉米种子呼吸强度最小,最适宜储存。

叶面喷施锌肥对小豆产量及籽粒锌含量的影响

为促进黑龙江省小豆产业提质增效,以龙红豆4号和冀红352为试验材料,分别于2022和2023年进行硫酸锌施用浓度和施用次数效果试验。2022年,设置5个ZnSO4浓度(质量百分数为0%,0.1%,0.2%,0.3%和0.4%),在结荚期进行叶面喷施处理,研究其对小豆产量因子及籽粒锌含量的影响,并筛选出最佳施用浓度(0.3%)。2023年,在结荚初期、结荚中期、结荚初期+结荚中期,进行叶面喷施0.3%的ZnSO4筛选出最佳喷施次数。2年研究结果表明,喷施外源ZnSO4可提高小豆单株有效荚数、单株粒重和百粒重。喷施0.3%的硫酸锌最为适宜,能有效提高小豆百粒重和籽粒锌含量,分别较CK提高6.68%~9.97%和16.17%~25.33%;在结荚初期+结荚中期叶面喷施2次浓度为0.3%的外源ZnSO4可显著提高小豆籽粒锌含量,龙红豆4号和冀红352较对照分别提高33.33%和48.16%,喷施2次与喷施1次相比,显著提高了冀红352的单株产量。

种植密度对角果期弱光胁迫油菜籽粒油脂积累的影响

角果期光照不足显著影响油菜籽粒含油量,而增加种植密度具有明显的增产效果,但其对角果期弱光胁迫下籽粒含油量的影响未见报道。本试验选用华油杂62和沣油520两个品种进行大田试验,设置3个种植密度(15×104、30×104、45×104株hm-2)和2个光照强度(透光率为100%, LT100%和花后10~35 d透光率为70%, LT70%),从籽粒碳代谢和油脂代谢角度,研究种植密度对角果期弱光胁迫下油菜籽粒含油量的影响机制。结果表明:与LT100%相比,LT70%处理下2个品种花后25 d、35 d时籽粒叶绿素含量、核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, Rubisco)活性降低,光合速率下降,光合产物葡萄糖含量降低0.4%~27.9%;蔗糖合成酶(Sucrose synthase,SuSy)分解活性降低,导致果糖含量降低了4.8%~24.5%,减少了籽粒碳水化合物积累与转运,同时磷脂酸磷酸酯酶(Phosphatidate phosphatase, PPase)、6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶(Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PDH)活性降低,导致含油量降低2.1%~11.8%,油脂产量降低27.0%~35.3%。与低密度遮阴相比,高密度LT70%处理下籽粒的Rubisco、SuSy活性降幅变小,但籽粒G6PDH和PPase活性降幅变大。这些结果表明,在本试验条件下,通过增加密度可以缓解弱光对籽粒光合碳代谢的抑制,通过增加群体产量缓解弱光胁迫下产油量的损失。

基于不同含水量基质下黔藿1号种子萌发过程中代谢组学差异分析

为研究水分对黔藿1号种子萌发的影响,检测育苗基质不同含水量下种子不同萌发阶段相关代谢产物和代谢途径的变化,以黔藿1号种子为试验材料,采用广靶代谢组学方法对育苗基质不同含水量下黔藿1号种子萌发过程的代谢途径及其代谢物变化等进行分析。结果表明,基质含水量为200%时,有利于黔藿1号种子萌发。在基质含水量分别为100%和200%条件下,种子萌发过程中的代谢物种类变化相似,主要有氨基酸及其衍生物、糖类、黄酮、生物碱等,其中差异代谢物显著富集到精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、鞘磷脂代谢、黄酮类生物合成等通路。在基质含水量200%较100%下,二氢茉莉酸、桂酸桂酯的相对含量随着种子萌发时间后移呈先升后降的趋势,可能是促进种子萌发的原因之一。

核磁共振技术无损检测‘凤丹’种子含油率的研究

以‘凤丹’种子为材料,在对比核磁共振技术与索氏提取法测定其含油率的基础上,分析利用核磁共振技术检测‘凤丹’种子含油率甚至单粒含油率的可行性,并对核磁共振技术测定后的种子进行发芽试验,研究该方法对种子质量的影响。结果表明,核磁共振技术与索氏提取法测定结果显著相关,两种方法得到的含油率之间的差异较小,差值在0.18%~0.60%之间,相对误差在3%以内,两者相关系数为0.891,相关性显著;根据8组样品的整体含油率与平均含油率的对比结果发现,二者差值在0.26%~0.81%之间,相对误差在4.00%以内,两者相关系数为0.896,相关性显著。直接测定的单粒种子含油率与两粒换算后含油率结果也显著相关,相关系数为0.739。发芽试验表明,核磁共振技术测定后的种子与新鲜种子发芽率无显著差异。因此利用核磁共振技术可以无损、精确测定‘凤丹’种子单粒含油率,且该方法对种子发芽率无影响。