Modeling Analysis of Factors Influencing Wind-Borne Seed Dispersal: A Case Study on Dandelion

A weed is a plant that thrives in areas of human disturbance, such as gardens, fields, pastures, waysides, and waste places where it is not intentionally cultivated. Dispersal affects community dynamics and vegetation response to global change. The process of seed disposal is influenced by wind, which plays a crucial role in determining the distance and probability of seed dispersal. Existing models of seed dispersal consider wind direction but fail to incorporate wind intensity. In this paper, a novel seed disposal model was proposed in this paper, incorporating wind intensity based on relevant references. According to various climatic conditions, including temperate, arid, and tropical regions, three specific regions were selected to establish a wind dispersal model that accurately reflects the density function distribution of dispersal distance. Additionally, dandelions growth is influenced by a multitude of factors, encompassing temperature, humidity, climate, and various environmental variables that necessitate meticulous consideration. Based on Factor Analysis model, which completely considers temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, wind, and land carrying capacity, a conclusion is presented, indicating that the growth of seeds is primarily influenced by plant attributes and climate conditions, with the former exerting a relatively stronger impact. Subsequently, the remaining two plants were chosen based on seed weight, yielding consistent conclusion.

Effect of Seed Coat on Drying Kinetics of Kidney Bean Seed

Kidney bean seed was dried in a laboratory scale fixed bed. The effect of seed coat on drying dynamic characteristics and the changes of seed coat structure were investigated. A mathematical model was established to simulate the drying process and determine the moisture diffusivity. Numerical results agree well with the experimental data. The average moisture diffusivity of the seed with separated coat is 1.67 times larger than that of the seed with coat, and the moisture diffusivity of seed cotyledon is 3.2 times larger than that of the seed coat. It is proved that the seed coat is the most main resistance of mass transfer and is also one of the key points of the optimization of heat and mass transfer for seed drying.

Biological effects of low-dose-rate irradiation of pancreatic carcinoma cells in vitro using ^(125)I seeds

AIM:To determine the mechanism of the radiationinduced biological effects of 125I seeds on pancreatic carcinoma cells in vitro.METHODS:SW1990 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell lines were cultured in DMEM in a suitable environment.Gray’s model of iodine-125(125I)seed irradiation was used.In vitro,exponential phase SW1990,and PANC-1cells were exposed to 0,2,4,6,and 8 Gy using 125I radioactive seeds,with an initial dose rate of 12.13c Gy/h.A clonogenic survival experiment was performed to observe the ability of the cells to maintain their clonogenic capacity and to form colonies.Cell-cycle and apoptosis analyses were conducted to detect the apoptosis percentage in the SW1990 and PANC-1 cells.DNA synthesis was measured via a tritiated thymidine(3H-Td R)incorporation experiment.After continuous low-dose-rate irradiation with 125I radioactive seeds,the survival fractions at 2 Gy(SF2),percentage apoptosis,and cell cycle phases of the SW1990 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell lines were calculated and compared.RESULTS:The survival fractions of the PANC-1 andSW1990 cells irradiated with 125I seeds decreased exponentially as the dose increased.No significant difference in SF2 was observed between SW1990 and PANC-1 cells(0.766±0.063 vs 0.729±0.045,P<0.05).The 125I seeds induced a higher percentage of apoptosis than that observed in the control in both the SW1990and PANC-1 cells.The rate of apoptosis increased with increasing radiation dosage.The percentage of apoptosis was slightly higher in the SW1990 cells than in the PANC-1 cells.Dose-dependent G2/M cellcycle arrest was observed after 125I seed irradiation,with a peak value at 6 Gy.As the dose increased,the percentage of G2/M cell cycle arrest increased in both cell lines,whereas the rate of DNA incorporation decreased.In the 3H-Td R incorporation experiment,the dosimetry results of both the SW1990 and PANC-1cells decreased as the radiation dose increased,with a minimum at 6 Gy.There were no significant differences in the dosimetry results of the two cell lines when they were exposed to the same dose of radiation.CONCLUSION:The pancreatic cancer cell-killing effects induced by 125I radioactive seeds mainly occurred via apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest.

Effective Seed Distribution Pattern of an Upward Shift Species in Alpine Tundra of Changbai Mountains

The vegetation of alpine tundra in the Changbai Mountains has experienced great changes in recent decades. Narrowleaf small reed(Deyeuxia angustifolia), a perennial herb from the birch forest zone had crossed the tree line and invaded into the alpine tundra zone. To reveal the driven mechanism of D. angustifolia invasion, there is an urgent need to figure out the effective seed distribution pattern, which could tell us where the potential risk regions are and help us to interpret the invasion process. In this study, we focus on the locations of the seeds in the soil layer and mean to characterize the effective seed distribution pattern of D. angustifolia. The relationship between the environmental variables and the effective seed distribution pattern was also assessed by redundancy analysis. Results showed that seeds of D. angustifolia spread in the alpine tundra with a considerable number(mean value of 322 per m2). They were mainly distributed in the low elevation areas with no significant differences in different slope positions. Effective seed number(ESN) occurrences of D. angustifolia were different in various plant communities. Plant communities with lower canopy cover tended to have more seeds of D. angustifolia. Our research indicated reliable quantitative information on the extent to which habitats are susceptible to invasion.

Allelopathic Effects of Aqueous Extract of Torreya fargesii Aril on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Radish, Mustard and Cabbage

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the allelopathic effects of Torreya fargesii aril. [Method] By indoor bioassay, the effects of different con-centrations （10, 20,40, 80 g/L） of aqueous extract of T. fargesii aril on seed germination rate, seedling root length, seedling height, fresh weight, chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde （MDA） content and anti oxidative enzyme activities of radish, mustard and cabbage were analyzed and compared. [ Result] Different concentrations of aqueous extract of T. fargesii aril inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of three crops, and the inhibitory effects were enhanced with the increase of concentration. Seedling height and fresh weight of three crops were improved by low concentrations of aqueous extract of T. fargesii aril and inhibited by high concentrations of aqueous extract. Overall, aqueous extract of T. fargesii aril exhibited allelopathic inhibitory effects on three crops, and the level of allelopath-ic inhibitory effects demonstrated a descending order of radish 〉 mustard 〉 cabbage. Compared with the control group, 80 g/L aqueous extract of T. fargesii aril almost significantly reduced seed germination rate, seedling root length, seedling height, fresh weight and chlorophyll content, and significantly improved MDA con-tent and antioxidative enzyme （SOD, CAT, POD） activities of radish, mustard and cabbage （P 〈 0 .0 5 ） . [ Conclusion] Aqueous extract of T. fargesii aril exhibited remarkable allelopathic inhibitory effects on seed germination of radish, mustard and cabbage, which indicated that there might be dormancy-associated germination in-hibiting allelochemicals in T. fargesii aril. This study provided theoretical basis for subsequent clarification of the mechanism of seed dormancy of T. fargesii.

Dominance of Brassica and No Effects of Raphanus in Mature Seed Production in Intergeneric Hybrid between Brassica rapa ssp. Pekinensis and Raphanus

We succeeded in producing mature seed from a line of Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis that had been hybridized with Raphanus sativus var. major. Our focus was on dominance of B. rapa ssp. pekinensis;radish (R. sativus var. major) had no influence. Marker tests for similarity showed that the original CR291M-64 x HwiM-2 hybrid was an inbred CR291M-64, rather than a genuine cross;this appears to have resulted from weak self-incompatibility in this strain. The plants from the mature seed bloomed with reddish flowers differently shown up to present. The intergeneric hybrid between Brassica inbred and Raphanus hybrid was very weak in strength compared to the Brassica inbred which was self-pollinated even though the cause of the weak was not identified. The hybrids between Brassica hybrid, dominant and elite recessive, and Raphanus can be developed in large quantities using mature hybrid seed without resorting to ovule culture techniques.

Allelopathic Effects of Cedrus deodara Needle Extracts on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Three Turfgrasses

[Objectives]This study was conducted to provide reference for plant landscaping,optimization of planting structure and rational allocation of species in Cedrus deodara gardens.[Methods]With three common garden plants in northern China,Trifolium repens L.,Poa pratensis L.and Trifolium pratense L.,as receptors,the effects of four concentrations(0.025,0.05,0.075 and 0.10 g/ml)of C.deodara needle extract on seed germination and early seedling growth of the three turfgrasses were studied by the Petri dish filter paper method,using a clear water treatment(0 g/ml)as control check(CK).Data were subjected to analysis of variance(ANOVA)and multiple comparisons(Duncan)using SPSS16.0.[Results]Different concentrations of C.deodara needle extract had significant inhibitory effects on seed germination,radicle and seedling height growth of T.repens,T.pratense and P.pratensis(P<0.05),and the inhibitory effects increased with the increase of concentration.When the concentration reached 0.075 g/ml,seed germination and seedling growth of T.repens stopped,and radicle and seedling growth of T.pratense and P.pratensis also stopped.When the concentration was equal to 0.10 g/ml,germination of T.pratense and P.pratensis seeds was inhibited,and the absolute values of allelopathic index was the largest,that is,the inhibitory effects were the largest.And with the increase of concentration,the absolute value of synthetical allelopathic index also increased.The extract of C.deodara needles contained main allelochemicals leading to the scarcity of understory vegetation.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for reasonable garden plant configuration during C.deodara greening and garden landscaping.

Evaluation of protective effect of cactus pear seed oil(Opuntia ficusincida L. MILL.) against alloxan-induced diabetes in mice

Objective: To evaluate the in vitro antioxidant power of cactus pear seed oil [Opuntia ficusincida L. MILL.(CPSO)] and its protective effect against chemically induced diabetes mellitus in mice. Methods: The in vitro antioxidant effect of CPSO was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) scavenging assay. The preventive effect was conducted on Swiss albino mice treated with CPSO(2 m L/kg, per os), before and after a single intraperitoneal alloxan administration(100 mg/kg). Survival rate, body weight and fasting blood glucose were measured and histopathological analysis of pancreas was performed to evaluate alloxaninduced tissue injuries. Results: CPSO exhibited an antioxidant effect in DPPH scavenging assay. Moreover, the administration of CPSO(2 m L/kg) significantly attenuated alloxaninduced death and hyperglycemia(P<0.001) in treated mice. Morphometric study of pancreas revealed that CPSO significantly protected islets of langerhans against alloxan induced-tissue alterations. Conclusions: Based on theses results, CPSO can prevent alloxan-induced-diabetes by quenching free radicals produced by alloxan and inhibiting tissue injuries in pancreatic β-cells.

Study on mutagenic effects of rice seeds irradiated by CO_2 laser

Seeds of japonica rice (cv. Zhenuo 2) at twodifferent physiological states (dry seeds withwater content 13% and wet seeds soaked inthe water for 36 h) were irradiated by COlaser in four different power-densities. Theseeds irradiated by 200GY ofCo γ rays andno radiated seeds were used as the controls.Results showed that the biological effects

Biological effects of implantation and penetration of nitrogenion beams on wheat seeds

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Effects of Low-Power Microwave Fields on Seed Germination and Growth Rate

Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of low power microwave radiation on germination and growth rate in seeds. In the present paper, the bioeffects of low power (non-thermal intensity) microwave modulated with 1 KHz square wave have been studied. Experiments were performed in X-band frequencies using klystron based microwave test bench. Microwave parameters like frequency, power, exposure time and power density were varied while irradiating seed samples to study their influence on germination. The seed samples used for the experiment included wheat (Triticum aestivum), bengal gram (Cicer arietinum), green gram (Vigna radiate) and moth bean (Vigna Aconitifolia). Seed germination %, plant height, root length and dry matter % (biomass %) were recorded and compared with control seeds. The effects of different treatments were found to be stimulating the germination and seedling vigour of plants especially in power and exposure time treatments while increase in frequency and power density has reduced the seed germination and seedling vigour. The effect also varied with the nature of seeds.

Effect of seed soaked with urea solution on the cold tolerance of rice seedlings

In the Yangtze river aera,the first crop of indi-ca rice is sown in late Mar to early Apr andtransplanted in early May.Usually,seedlingsperish when abnormal low temperature of 6-10℃ lasted for 3 d or longer.The effect ofsocking seed with urea solution on increasingthe cold tolerance at the seedling stage was

Analysis of seed and maternal genetic effects on cooking quality characters in indica hybrid rice

We analysed seed and maternal genetic effects on characters of cooking quality in indica hybrid rice by using the model for quantitative characters of seeds of cereal crops. Incomplete diallel crosses were made by using six male sterile lines (Zhenshan 97A, Erjiuqing A, Erjiunan 1A, V20A, Zhe’nan 1A and Zhe’nan 3A)as females and three restorer lines(Cezao 2-2, T49 and 26715)as males. Sampled seeds were used to measure the cooking quality characters, including amylose content(%), gelatinization temperature(alkali spreading score)and gel consistency(mm). Results indicated that some rice cooking quality characters were controlled by both seed genes and maternal genes (see table). Gel consistency was mainly controlled by maternal effects, but also

Weight losing, antihyperlipidemic and cardioprotective effects of the alkaloid fraction of Hunteria umbellata seed extract on normal and triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats

Objective: To investigate the weight losing, antihyperlipidemic and cardioprotective effects of the alkaloid fraction of Hunteria umbellata(H. umbellata) seed.Methods: Adult female Wistar rats(weight range: 120-150 g) were randomly divided into 4 and 5 treatment groups in the normal and triton-induced hyperlipidemic models, respectively. and were daily treated for 14 d before they were humanely sacrificed under inhaled diethyl ether anesthesia. About 5 mL of whole blood was obtained by cardiac puncture from each treated rat, from which serum for lipids assay was subsequently separated. Tissue samples of livers of treated rats were harvested and processed for histopathological analysis.Results: Repeated daily oral treatments of normal rats with 25 and 50 mg/kg/day of alkaloid fraction of H. umbellata resulted in significant(P<0.05 and P<0.001) and dose-dependent weight loss, and decreases in the serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, while significantly(P<0.001) increased the serum levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol fraction. Similarly, oral pre-treatments with 25 and 50 mg/kg/day of alkaloid fraction of H. umbellata for 14 d before induction of hyperlipidemia with triton WR-1339 significantly(P<0.01, P<0.001) and dose-dependently attenuated increases in the average body weights, serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol while also significantly(P<0.01, P<0.001) and dose-dependently attenuated significant(P<0.001) decrease in the serum high-density lipoproteincholesterol levels when compared to the untreated control values. However, the results obtained for 50 mg/kg of alkaloid fraction of H. umbellata in both normal and triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic rats were comparable to that recorded for 20 mg/kg of simvastatin. Similarly, oral pretreatments with 25 and 50 mg/kg/day of alkaloid fraction of H. umbellata significantly improved the histological lesions of fatty hepatic degeneration induced by triton WR-1339 treatment.Conclusions: Overall, results of this study showed that repeated oral treatments with 25 and 50 mg/kg/day of alkaloid fraction of H. umbellata elicited weight losing, antihyperlipidemic and cardioprotective effects in triton WR-1339 induced hyperlipidemic rats that were mediated via de novo cholesterol biosynthesis inhibition.

70%噻虫嗪种子处理可分散粉剂拌种对大麦蚜虫的防治效果及增产作用

为了探索防治大麦蚜虫的科学有效措施,选用保山市大面积推广的二棱品种“保啤麦28号”,每10 kg种子分别用20、30、40 g 70%噻虫嗪种子处理可分散粉剂拌种防治蚜虫。结果表明:不同用量的70%噻虫嗪种子处理可分散粉剂拌种能有效抑制蚜虫对大麦的危害。大麦拔节期前,防效均达100%;大麦孕穗期至抽穗扬花期,防效为72.30%~95.70%;大麦灌浆期,防效为33.60%~80.04%;大麦乳熟期,防效为14.20%~49.44%,防效随着用量的增加而增加,且持效期更长;每10 kg种子用药30、40 g防效最佳,与每10 kg种子用30 mL的30%噻虫嗪悬浮种衣剂拌种防效相近。药剂拌种对大麦还具有增产作用,增产率为8.6%~16.9%。建议在大麦生产中,根据当地蚜虫发生规律选择不同用量、不同剂型的杀虫剂拌种防治大麦蚜虫,综合考虑防效、成本和用量,达到节本、增效的目的。

耳穴埋籽在良性前列腺增生临床治疗中的干预作用

目的评价分析耳穴埋籽在良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者临床治疗中的干预作用。方法选取2021年1月至2022年10月南京中医药大学附属盐城中医院(盐城市中医院)收治的105例BPH患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为治疗组(n=55)和对照组(n=50)。对照组采用盐酸坦索罗辛缓释胶囊和非那雄胺片治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上联合王不留行籽耳穴(尿道、膀胱、肾、缘中、皮质下)贴压。比较两组治疗前后前列腺体积(PV)、排尿后膀胱残余尿量(PVR)、最大尿流率(Qmax),比较两组治疗前后国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)和生活质量(QOL)评分。结果治疗后,两组IPSS、QOL评分、Qmax均优于治疗前,且治疗组优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,治疗组PVR小于治疗前(P<0.05),且小于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组PV与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论耳穴埋籽治疗BPH的疗效确切,可有效改善尿动力学指标,缓解前列腺症状,提升生活质量。

天津地区水稻恶苗病防治药剂筛选试验

天津市优质农产品开发示范中心开展水稻恶苗病防治药剂筛选试验。试验表明,17%杀螟·乙蒜素+80%乙蒜素对恶苗病的防效达100%,节本高效;经1万hm2以上生产实践检验,1 kg带菌种子用17%杀螟·乙蒜素5 g+80%乙蒜素0.6 ml浸种处理7~8 d,种水比1:1.1~1.2,恶苗病病株最少,仅个别种植户因操作不当本田零星出现恶苗病。

药剂拌种对沿淮地区迟播小麦壮苗效应及产量的影响

播期延迟易使小麦产量下降,为了探讨药剂拌种对迟播小麦的壮苗效应及产量的影响,以‘淮麦40’为试验材料,设置4组不同药剂拌种处理,调查分析了小麦生长素质、籽粒产量等方面的数据。结果表明:通过药剂拌种能提高小麦成苗率;降低麦苗高度,增加叶龄,促进根系生长及生物量积累;可以促进分蘖,增加有效穗数,提高大穗比例,具有增产效应。其中药剂Y3表现最优,与对照处理比较,成苗率提高了2.1个百分点,在越冬前使小麦株高降低11.9%,叶龄增加16.4%,茎基部宽度增加58.2%,地上部及根系干重分别增加35.8%和45.9%;分蘖能力显著增强,有效穗数增加12.4%,穗粒数及千粒重得到提高,产量增加19.4%。综上表明,在小麦迟播情况下,使用药剂Y3拌种可以增强小麦生长素质,实现稳产增产。

氟啶虫酰胺种子包衣对玉米蚜虫的田间防治效果

为促进氟啶虫酰胺药剂轻简化防治玉米蚜虫,2022年进行了田间小区试验,评价氟啶虫酰胺种子包衣对玉米生长的安全性及对蚜虫的防治效果。结果表明,氟啶虫酰胺[有效成分用量75.00~375.00 g·(100 kg)^(-1)]玉米种子包衣处理后,玉米出苗及生长均未表现药害症状,在试验剂量范围内安全性较好,且可以促进玉米幼苗生长,提高幼苗素质;对玉米蚜虫的末次防治效果为54.5%~85.8%,氟啶虫酰胺有效成分用量250.00~375.00 g·(100 kg)^(-1)种子包衣处理可以有效防治玉米蚜虫,对玉米蚜虫的防治效果大于80%。氟啶虫酰胺种子包衣处理防治玉米蚜虫,持效期较长,靶向性强,施药隐蔽,对环境及天敌安全,操作简便,节约成本,可以控制春玉米整个生育期内蚜虫为害,符合玉米轻简化生产需求,具有广阔的应用前景。氟啶虫酰胺种子包衣防治玉米蚜虫适宜用量为有效成分用量250.00~375.00 g·(100 kg)^(-1)。

毛头牛蒡子总木脂素有效部位的化学成分研究

研究毛头牛蒡子总木脂素有效部位中的化学成分,采用紫外分光光度法测定其中总木脂素含量,采用高效液相色谱法测定其中牛蒡苷和牛蒡苷元的含量,结果表明,毛头牛蒡子总木脂素有效部位中总木脂素含量为95.68%,牛蒡苷含量为55.71%,牛蒡苷元含量为2.99%。通过对毛头牛蒡子总木脂素有效部位中化学成分进行分析,为进一步研究其活性打下相关基础。