Antitrypanosomal potentials of the extract and fractions of Abrus precatorius seeds

Objective:To evaluate the in vivo trypanocidal activity of the methanol extract and fractions of Abrus precatorius seeds in mice.Methods:Parasiteamia was induced unto mice by intraperitoneal injection of 1.25×105 Trypanosoma in normal saline.Five days when a high level of parasiteamia was established treatment commenced until ten days.The mice were treated with 10,20 and 40 mg/kg bt.of the extract and 5 and 10 mg/kg bt.of the fraction（F2）,respectively for 5 days.Diminazene acelurate at the dose of 3.5 mg/kg bt.for two days was used as the reference drug.The level of parasitaemia and packed cell volume（PCV） of the animals estimated. Results:At doses of 10,20 and 40 mg/kg the crude extract showed a sharp reduction in the level of parasitaemia in mice compared with the untreated group.The mice treated with F,at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg showed a sharp reduction in the level of parasitamia to zero in day 9,and a gradual recovery from the 12th day of treatment.This effect is comparable to that of the mice treated with 7 mg/kg of standard drug diminazene aceturate.The PCV of the treated showed a gradual decrease with time,but not as much as the untreated group.Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of glycosides,alkaloids,carbohydrates,tannins and proteins in the Abrus precatorius powder while F2 was rich in alkaloids.Conclusions:This study shows that both the extract and the fractions of Abrus precatorius seeds exhibited a promising trypanocidal property.Alkaloids may be responsible for the observed activity.

Weight losing, antihyperlipidemic and cardioprotective effects of the alkaloid fraction of Hunteria umbellata seed extract on normal and triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats

Objective: To investigate the weight losing, antihyperlipidemic and cardioprotective effects of the alkaloid fraction of Hunteria umbellata(H. umbellata) seed.Methods: Adult female Wistar rats(weight range: 120-150 g) were randomly divided into 4 and 5 treatment groups in the normal and triton-induced hyperlipidemic models, respectively. and were daily treated for 14 d before they were humanely sacrificed under inhaled diethyl ether anesthesia. About 5 mL of whole blood was obtained by cardiac puncture from each treated rat, from which serum for lipids assay was subsequently separated. Tissue samples of livers of treated rats were harvested and processed for histopathological analysis.Results: Repeated daily oral treatments of normal rats with 25 and 50 mg/kg/day of alkaloid fraction of H. umbellata resulted in significant(P<0.05 and P<0.001) and dose-dependent weight loss, and decreases in the serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, while significantly(P<0.001) increased the serum levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol fraction. Similarly, oral pre-treatments with 25 and 50 mg/kg/day of alkaloid fraction of H. umbellata for 14 d before induction of hyperlipidemia with triton WR-1339 significantly(P<0.01, P<0.001) and dose-dependently attenuated increases in the average body weights, serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol while also significantly(P<0.01, P<0.001) and dose-dependently attenuated significant(P<0.001) decrease in the serum high-density lipoproteincholesterol levels when compared to the untreated control values. However, the results obtained for 50 mg/kg of alkaloid fraction of H. umbellata in both normal and triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic rats were comparable to that recorded for 20 mg/kg of simvastatin. Similarly, oral pretreatments with 25 and 50 mg/kg/day of alkaloid fraction of H. umbellata significantly improved the histological lesions of fatty hepatic degeneration induced by triton WR-1339 treatment.Conclusions: Overall, results of this study showed that repeated oral treatments with 25 and 50 mg/kg/day of alkaloid fraction of H. umbellata elicited weight losing, antihyperlipidemic and cardioprotective effects in triton WR-1339 induced hyperlipidemic rats that were mediated via de novo cholesterol biosynthesis inhibition.

Production of Cocoa Butter Replacer by Dry Fractionation, Partial Hydrogenation, Chemical and Enzymatic Interesterification of Tea Seed Oil

Production of cocoa butter replacer (CBR) from tea seed oil through common modification methods of oils (dry fractionation, partial hydrogenation, chemical and enzymatic interesterification) was evaluated. Some physico-chemical properties (iodine, saponification, acid and peroxide values) and fatty acid composition (FAC) of modified samples were analyzed and compared with a reference cocoa butter (CB). Solid and liquid fractions for large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids (approx. 80%) and thereby lower iodine values (81 - 85 gI2/100g) than that of CB (37% and 34 gI2/100 g, respectively), are not suitable as CBR. Among all ratios of chemically and enzaymatically interesterified oil blends (20%, 25% and 30% of hydrogenated tea seed oil with 80%, 75% and 70% of tea seed oil/liquid fraction/solid fraction), the samples with ratio of 30:70 from both chemical and enzymatic interesterification had FAC and iodine value closer to that of CB. A comparision between chemically and enzymatically interesterified samples (CISs and EISs, respectively), in terms of solid fat content (SFC) indicated that although the SFC values in EIS were much lower than that of CB, but the thermal behavior of this sample is comprable to CB at 20℃- 30℃ (sharp melting point of CB).

Phenolics-saponins rich fraction of defatted kenaf seed meal exhibits cytotoxicity towards cancer cell lines

Objectives: To determine the cytotoxicity of crude ethanolic extract, n-butanol fraction and aqueous fraction on selected cancer cell lines, and to observe the morphological changes of the cancer cells treated with n-butanol fraction.Methods: The cytotoxic effect of n-butanol fraction, crude ethanolic extract and aqueous fraction on breast cancer(MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), colon cancer(HT29), lung cancer(A549), cervical cancer(He La) and normal mouse fibroblast(3T3) cell lines was determined using MTT assay. The morphological changes of the treated cells were observed under an inverted light microscope.Results: n-Butanol fraction was the most cytotoxic towards HT29 and MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner compared to crude ethanolic extract and aqueous fraction(P < 0.05). The IC50 of n-butanol fraction for HT29 and MCF-7 was(780.00 ± 28.28)and(895.00 ± 7.07) mg/m L, respectively. Cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing and formation of apoptotic bodies were noted following treatment of HT29 cells with n-butanol fraction.Conclusions: In conclusion, n-butanol fraction was more cytotoxic than crude ethanolic extract and aqueous fraction towards the selected cancerous cell lines and induced apoptosis in HT29 cells.

Analyses on the Ionization Instability of Non-Equilibrium Seeded Plasma in an MHD Generator

Recently,closed cycle magnetohydrodynamic power generation system research has been focused on improving the isentropic efficiency and the enthalpy extraction ratio.By reducing the cross-section area ratio of the disk magnetohydrodynamic generator,it is believed that a high isentropic efficiency can be achieved with the same enthalpy extraction.In this study,the result relating to a plasma state which takes into account the ionization instability of non-equilibrium seeded plasma is added to the theoretical prediction of the relationship between enthalpy extraction and isentropic efficiency.As a result,the electron temperature which reaches the seed complete ionization state without the growth of ionization instability can be realized at a relatively high seed fraction condition.However,the upper limit of the power generation performance is suggested to remain lower than the value expected in the low seed fraction condition.It is also suggested that a higher power generation performance may be obtained by implementing the electron temperature range which reaches the seed complete ionization state at a low seed fraction.

Exploring the Efficiency of Experimental Construction of Sorting Ginned Cotton Seed Machine

In this paper, research has been conducted to increase the quantity of fiber produced in the enterprise by creating a sorting device for spun seeds, dividing them into fractions by geometric dimensions, and by re-ginning, separating those with long fibers. A new model was developed for geometric sorting of cotton seeds in the harvest, and experiments determined its effectiveness and the optimal values of the factors affecting the efficiency using mathematical modeling. Based on the results of the study, graphs of the influence of factors on device performance and on device efficiency were constructed.

Theoretical Study of Seed Movement in Cotton Seeds Selection Device

The aim of the research work is to increase the yield of cotton fiber by improving the processing technology of germinated seeds, to improve the quality indicators of seeds and lint. In order to achieve this goal, a mesh surface device was created to sort the seeds into fractions. Sorting technology was developed on this device and operating modes were determined. In addition, the law of surface distribution of the fractions separated from the cotton stream moving along the surface of the net was determined, and based on the results of practical and theoretical research, a mode of sorting of cotton seeds was developed. As a result, differential equations of the law of oscillation of seeds on parallel bases, taking into account the angle of inclination for the movement of cotton seeds on the sorting surface, were constructed and programmed on a computer to construct the trajectory of seeds. On the basis of the laws of motion, the optimal value of the angle of inclination on the horizontal, which gives the state of sorting of seeds, as well as the values of the amplitude and frequency of vibrations, was determined.

原油水溶性成分对黑苦荞种子萌发及幼苗生理指标的影响

水是植物生长必不可少的因子,石油开发区水环境受到的污染将会对植物生长造成威胁。本研究发现,不同浓度原油水溶性成分对黑苦荞种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响差异显著。原油水溶性成分浓度从0%提高到6%时,胚轴长、根长、发芽率均逐渐升高;而在6%到20%的浓度下,以上指标均呈下降趋势;黑苦荞幼苗中总蛋白质含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及脯氨酸(Pro)含量在不同浓度原油水溶性成分的胁迫下变化趋势不同,蛋白质含量随原油水溶性成分浓度的增加总体趋势表现为下降,MDA含量、SOD活性和Pro含量随着原油水溶性成分浓度的升高呈上升趋势且SOD活性和Pro含量上升较为缓慢。本研究初步探讨了原油水溶性成分对荞麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,为研究原油污染水质对陇东地区荞麦产量和品质的影响奠定了基础。

葡萄籽原花色素提取工艺研究

研究了不同溶剂浸提与其他提取条件对葡萄籽原花色素提取收率的影响,确定70%丙酮或70%乙醇的提取溶剂,1:4的料液比,室温下8～10 h的提取条件。使用乙酸乙酯先萃取然后用丙酮的原花色素分离技术,表明前者处理原花色素收率为14.4%～31.6%,产物纯度32%以上,后者处理原花色素收率54.3%～63.5%,产物纯度27.9%以上。

污泥中重金属的形态及在小麦幼苗中的富集

采用BCR连续提取法研究了污泥中Cd、Pb和Zn的化学形态分布,并通过室内土培实验研究了其在小麦幼苗中的富集效应。研究结果表明,Pb和Cd在污泥中主要以残渣态存在,相对比较稳定;Zn则主要以可交换态和可还原态存在,具有较强的潜在生物有效性。污泥中3种金属的潜在生物有效性由强到弱的顺序为:Zn>Cd>Pb。比较污泥中的Zn、Pb、Cd在小麦根和叶中的富集系数(EC),可发现3种金属在根中的富集系数均大于其在叶中的富集系数,说明小麦根部对这3种金属的富集能力大于其茎叶部分。3种金属在小麦中富集能力的强弱顺序在茎叶中为Zn>Cd>Pb,此结果与金属形态分析的结果相吻合。

红莲外皮原花青素各级分的分析鉴定

以分级分离得到的4种红莲外皮原花青素级分(F1、F2、F3、F4)为原料,分别进行平均聚合度的测定,通过红外光谱、反相-高效液相色谱以及反相高效液相色谱和电喷雾质谱联用分析,以揭示不同级分的组成和化学结构特征。结果表明F1、F2、F3、F4的平均聚合度分别为2.12、7.27、7.85、8.16。F1、F2、F3和F4的红外光谱图均表现出明显的原花青素特征骨架振动,并推测出红莲外皮原花青素的主要结构单元是原花青定。F1的反相高效液相色谱和电喷雾质谱联用分析检测出3种单体、4种二聚体和2种四聚体,其中3种单体分别为棓儿茶素、儿茶素、表儿茶素,4种二聚体和2种四聚体都是由儿茶素或表儿茶素聚合而成。F2、F3和F4的反相高效液相色谱分析均检测出儿茶素单体和表儿茶素单体。通过与F1的高效液相色谱图对比,推断出F2、F3和F4均含有3种二聚体,并且其中1种二聚体含量较多。同时F2、F3、F4中还存在一种含量较多的未知组分。

毛樱桃籽脂溶性抗氧化成分及其体外抗自由基活性

提取了毛樱桃籽脂溶性抗氧化成分,通过考察稳定DPPH自由基(DPPH·)在517nm处吸光强度的变化测定毛樱桃籽脂溶性抗氧化物的清除自由基活性,并同Trolox进行了对比,研究结果表明,毛樱桃籽脂溶性抗氧化物具有较强的抗DPPH·能力。利用气相色谱结合质谱联用技术对该混合物组分进行了分离、分析,结果表明,该混合物主要由γ-谷甾醇、角鲨烯、γ-生育酚、愈创醇、古巴烯醇、视黄酸甲酯组成,这些成分的协同作用贡献于毛樱桃籽脂溶性抗氧化物的强抗DPPH·活性。毛樱桃籽脂溶性抗氧化物对于毛樱桃籽脂质及其副产物的深加工和开发应用具有重要的意义。

苏子油多不饱和脂肪酸尿素富集研究

采用尿素富集法，使苏子油中多不饱和脂肪酸的含量由原来的７６．９％提高到９９．９％，亚麻酸含量由６４．７％提高到９０．９％。从而使脂肪酸的质量有了进一步的提高。

响应面优化泡沫法提取紫苏饼粕蛋白的工艺

利用响应面分析法优化泡沫法提取紫苏蛋白工艺,为紫苏资源的开发利用提供理论依据与技术参数。在单因素试验基础上,设计浸泡温度、液料比和浸泡时间3个因素为自变量,紫苏蛋白提取率为响应值,采用Box-Behnken试验设计方法,研究各自变量及其交互作用对紫苏蛋白提取率的影响。利用Design Expert软件得到回归方程的预测模型并进行响应面分析,紫苏饼粕蛋白提取率对浸泡温度、液料比和浸泡时间二次方程模型为:Y=13.21–2.21A–0.21B–1.38C–0.15AB–2.43AC–1.78BC–3.37A2–4.43B2–1.99C2(R2=0.9544),该模型拟合程度较好,其中浸泡温度对紫苏蛋白提取率有极显著影响(P<0.01),浸泡时间有显著影响(P<0.05),浸泡温度和浸泡时间的交互作用对其有极显著影响,液料比和浸泡时间对其有显著影响。确定紫苏蛋白提取率的最佳条件为:浸泡温度53℃,液料比10:1 m L·g-1,浸泡时间114 min,在此最佳试验条件下,紫苏蛋白提取率为13.91%,与理论预测值相比,其相对误差约为2.10%。试验建立的由响应面设计优化紫苏蛋白泡沫法提取工艺模型拟合效果较好,可以用于实际预测,即该响应面试验设计对泡沫法分离提取紫苏蛋白工艺的优化结果是有效的。

“云麻1号”大麻籽仁的组分及营养价值分析

对"云麻1号"大麻籽仁的基本组成进行测定,并对其功能特性及营养价值进行分析。常规指标分析表明"云麻1号"大麻籽仁的基本组成为:水分5.84%,灰分6.31%,总糖(以葡萄糖计)2.71%,油脂50.41%,蛋白质35.08%。气相色谱分析表明油脂中油酸10.48%、亚油酸58.48%和α-亚麻酸17.78%合计占总脂肪酸的86.74%,其中亚油酸和α-亚麻酸的比例接近3∶1,这一比例被认为是人体正常代谢所需的最佳比例;高压液相色谱分析表明油中生育酚总量为8.41mg/100g,其中γ-生育酚占总量的86.9%。蛋白中球蛋白含量最丰富43.4%,其次是清蛋白28.7%和谷蛋白9.28%,含量最少的是醇溶蛋白3.30%,DSC分析表明4种蛋白组分的变性温度分别为54.30,60.53,50.80,59.65℃;氨基酸分析表明4种蛋白组分的必需氨基酸含量丰富,而且构成较为均衡;4种蛋白组分中都含有较高含量的谷氨酸、天冬氨酸和精氨酸;营养参数分析表明,大麻籽仁同时也是一种优质蛋白质资源。

尿素包合法纯化棉籽油中亚油酸的研究

利用尿素包合法对棉籽油中亚油酸进行纯化研究。通过正交试验确定其最佳提取条件,结果表明:尿素/甲醇为3∶1,脂肪酸/尿素用量为0.8∶1,包合时间为24 h,包合温度为-5℃,在此条件下亚油酸纯度达到90.7%。

尿素包合法提纯油茶籽油中油酸的工艺研究

用尿素包合法对油茶籽油中的油酸进行包合。采用浸出法、直接酸解法和浸出后酸解法分离包合物固相中的油酸。实验结果表明,选用直接酸解法效果较好。尿素包合条件为脂肪酸/尿素/甲醇(W/W/V)比例1∶4∶10,通过包合,油酸的纯度从包合前的66.99%提高到77.96%。

番木瓜籽水部位小鼠体内免疫活性研究

本实验以番木瓜籽水部位中BG的含量为给药剂量指标,研究其水部位对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用。根据卫生部《免疫-保健食品检验与评价技术规范》的要求,考察番木瓜籽水部位对小鼠细胞免疫、体液免疫、非特异性免疫、NK细胞活性以及免疫脏器指数的影响。结果表明,番木瓜籽水部位高、中剂量组能显著提高小鼠的胸腺指数、促进血清溶血素的生成以及增强腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能,但对淋巴细胞增殖的能力和NK细胞活性影响较小。表明了番木瓜籽水部位具有增强机体免疫的功能,对进一步开发番木瓜籽有一定的参考价值。

产弹性蛋白酶EL314CF10菌株种子培养基优化的研究初报

采用两水平部分因子实验设计 (FFD)研究了产弹性蛋白酶菌株的种子培养基各组分对菌体生长的影响 ,并找出主要影响因子为牛肉膏、酵母膏 ,二者都在 99%的概率水平上对菌体生长有正效应。而蛋白胨对菌体生长影响是负效应 ,但不显著。NaCl对菌体生长影响也极不显著。由方差分析结果可知 ,选取的水平接近最大响应区域。因此不再进行最陡爬坡实验。最后用中心复合设计及响应面分析确定主要影响因子的最佳浓度。由实验结果可知 ,菌株在优化后的种子培养基中生物量比未优化培养基高。

汉麻籽蛋白的分级提取及产物功能特性的研究

采用碱提酸沉和经典Osborne分级分离的方法,分别制备得到了汉麻分离蛋白以及清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白,并研究了这5种分离蛋白的氨基酸组成、等电点、吸水吸油性、起泡性、乳化性、成膜性及凝胶性。结果表明:4种蛋白分离产物中汉麻球蛋白的占比最高为46.80%,其次为清蛋白18.47%和谷蛋白18.00%,醇溶蛋白最少;汉麻球蛋白的多数氨基酸含量高于其他组分,并表现出了优异的氨基酸组成特性;5种分离蛋白的等电点依次为pH 4.5、p H 4.0、p H 5.0、p H 5.5和pH 5.5;汉麻分离蛋白起泡性最好,汉麻清蛋白的乳化性最好,汉麻分离蛋白和谷蛋白吸水性较强,清蛋白和球蛋白的吸油能力较强,5种分离蛋白在质量浓度50 mg/L下均可以揭膜,在200 mg/m L时汉麻分离蛋白、清蛋白和谷蛋白能够形成凝胶。