Preparation of a Novel Highly Effective and Environmental Friendly Wheat Seed Coating Agent

A novel environmental friendly wheat seed coating agent was prepared from the natural polymer,biological pesticide,microfertilizer,microelements and other additives.The laboratory and field test results showed that it could enhance the yield up to 16% and reduce its input cost to 1/6 as compared with the conventional wheat seed coating agent.It is safe without causing any pollution and would have significant economic and environmental benefits.

Responses of Seed Yield and Economic Benefit of Winter Oilseed Rape(Brassica napus L.) to Different NPK Ratio and Dose

Field experiments were conducted during 2008-2010 to investigate the ef- fects of NPK fertilization on seed yield and economic benefit of a new hybrid cultivar of winter oilseed rape （Brassica napus L.） - Xiangzayou763, and to determine the optimum NPK ratio and dose in Hunan, China. The results showed that NPK ratio （1：0.50：0.50） with 180 kg/hm2 N, 90 kg/hm2 P2O5 and 90 kg/hm2 K20 was the optimum combination for the highest seed yield （2 231.13 kg/hm2） and economic benefit （9 816.97 Yuan/hm2）, of which 1 641.23 Yuan/hm2 being set for fertilizer in- vestment （VCR=4.11）. Besides, the effects of N, P and K fertilizers on seed yield and oil production of winter oilseed rape were not identical. N had the greatest ef- fect on plant growth of winter oilseed rape, followed by P and K. Total leaf number, green leaf number, leaf length and width, rhizome diameter, branch number, dry weight per plant and other agronomic characters in high N treatments were higher than those in low N treatments. By correlation and path analysis of yield components, the contribution rate to seed yield was found： effective silique number per plant〉seed number per silique〉l 000-seed weight.

Effects of Different Row Ratios of Male and Female Parents and Application Amount of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Hybrid Wheat Seed Production and Its Component Factors

In order to screen suitable high hybrid wheat seed production technology,the split-plot experiment design was adopted and study was carried out about the effects of the different row ratios of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on hybrid wheat seed production and its component factors. The results showed that the seed production increased with the increase in the number of female parent row. When the row ratio of male and female parents was 2 ∶ 6,the seed production was 3 683. 8 kg/ha; when the application amount of nitrogen fertilization was 50 kg/ha,the seed production was 3 649. 4 kg/ha; the interaction between the row ratio of male and female parents and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer indicated that when the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 6 and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha,the seed production reached the highest( 4160. 6 kg/ha). The row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the component factors of seed production,including the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage. When the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 5,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 26. 7 grains,1. 12 g,and 62. 6% respectively; when application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 450 kg/ha,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 26. 0 grains,1. 08 g,and59. 2% respectively; the interaction of row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage; when the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 5 and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 29. 6grains,1. 24 g,and 71. 6% respectively. The number of grains per spike is the largest component factor for seed production. Increasing the number of grains per spike can increase the seed production. According to the effects of row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on the component factors of seed production,the optimal condition was 2∶ 5-2∶ 6 for row ratio of male and female parents and 300-450 kg/ha for application amount of nitrogen fertilizer.

The Paradigm of Surgical Ellipse Dimensions: Are the Length-to-Width Ratio of 3 to 4 and a Vertex Angle of 30ºCorrect?

Background: It has been postulated that elliptical cutaneous excisions must possess a length-to-width ratio of 3 to 4 and a vertex angle of 30o or less in order to be closed primarily without creating a “dog ear”. These dimensions became axiomatic in cutaneous surgery and have been taught in the apprenticeship model for years. The present article examines the validity of that paradigm. Methods: We collected data from two sources: ellipses described in the literature (57 cases);and elliptical excisions performed at the authors’ outpatient clinic (83 cases). The surgical ellipse lengths, widths, and vertex angles were analyzed, and the data were compared to a mathematical formula used to generate a fusiform ellipse. Results: The length-to-width ratio of 3 - 4 was found to be inconsistent with the recommended vertex angle of 30o. In fact, a length-to-width ratio of 3 - 4 determines a vertex angle of 48o - 63o. A 30o vertex angle is only feasible with long length-to-width ration of about 7.5. Conclusions: The paradigm that surgical ellipses should have a vertex angle of 30o with length-to-width ratio of 3 - 4 is incorrect. Evidence from actual surgical practice and from mathematical formulation shows that either the length-to-width ratio must be larger than 3 - 4 or the vertex angle must be larger than 30 degrees.

雌雄配比和种植密度对单雌性工业大麻籽糠产量的影响

以单雌性工业大麻云麻雌1号作为对象,研究不同雌雄配比(雄株比例为10%、20%和30%)种植模式下种植密度(5210、10420、15630株/hm^(2))对麻籽和麻糠产量的影响,进而探讨单雌性工业大麻用于籽糠兼用的生产模式。结果表明,在同一雌雄比例下,种植密度越大,麻籽、麻糠、麻秆及大麻二酚(CBD)理论产量越高;在最大种植密度15630株/hm^(2)下,20%雄株率下的麻籽、麻糠、麻秆及CBD理论产量均高于10%和30%雄株率的产量,其麻籽产量为5738.02 kg/hm^(2),麻糠产量为6087.14 kg/hm^(2),麻秆产量为9396.35 kg/hm^(2),CBD理论产量127.58 kg/hm^(2)。在单雌性工业大麻云麻雌1号籽糠生产实践中,建议配置花期一致的20%左右雄株,保证授粉充足,实现麻籽和麻糠丰产。

宽幅条播对燕麦间作箭筈豌豆产量及种间关系的影响

为明确宽幅条播对燕麦‖箭筈豌豆间作系统生产力的影响,在常规条播和宽幅条播两种播种方式下设置燕麦单作、箭筈豌豆单作及燕麦‖箭筈豌豆间作三种种植方式,比较分析了不同处理间作物产量、种间关系及燕麦产量构成因素的差异。结果表明,与单作相比,间作燕麦的饲草及籽粒产量显著提高,增幅分别为24.25%~32.77%和27.44%~32.69%,而间作箭筈豌豆的饲草及籽粒产量降低为7.16%~8.08%和2.80%~5.48%。宽幅条播可提高燕麦及箭筈豌豆产量,宽幅条播间作饲草和籽粒产量的土地当量比较常规条播间作分别提高0.03和0.06。在间作中,燕麦的侵占力大于0,实际产量损失大于1,竞争比率大于1,且燕麦的相对拥挤系数大于箭筈豌豆,说明燕麦在间作系统中处于竞争优势。间作燕麦穗数、穗粒数和穗重较单作显著提高,平均增幅分别为24.23%、14.84%和17.43%,其中宽幅条播间作处理的穗粒数、公顷穗数和穗重均显著高于其他处理。由此可见,宽幅条播下通过与箭筈豌豆间作,可提高燕麦生产力和土地资源利用效率。

不同种砂比和行距对机播荠菜农艺性状和产量的影响

为探索机播荠菜优质高效生产的最佳播量,更好地为荠菜种植机械化生产服务,采用双因素随机区组试验,共设置种砂(荠菜种子+黑金砂)混拌比1∶8、1∶11、1∶14和1∶17四个处理和行距14、21和28 cm 3个处理进行机器条播。结果表明,机播荠菜的农艺性状和产量随着种砂比的增加,表现出先增加后减少的趋势;行距与农艺性状和产量间相关性不显著。在12个种砂比和行距互作处理下,以A4B1(种砂比1∶17,行距14 cm)处理下的产量最高,每667 m^(2)产量可达2 230.84 kg。因此,推荐A4B1(种砂比1∶17,行距14 cm)为机播荠菜的最佳播量和行距。

三江源区适宜的小黑麦和饲用豌豆混播比例及施肥方法

【目的】三江源区地处青藏高原,是中国母亲河的发源地,也是牦牛等典型牲畜的重要草场。探索适宜的施肥方法和牧草作物混播比例,旨在提高牧草产量,减轻生态重要地区天然草场的放牧压力。【方法】于2022年在三江源地区进行了小黑麦和饲用豌豆的田间试验,试验材料为小黑麦品种‘青饲麦1号’和饲用豌豆品种‘青建1号’。设置3个施肥处理:不施肥(A_(1))、单施氮肥(尿素75 kg/hm^(2),A_(2))、氮磷配合施用(尿素75 kg/hm^(2)和过磷酸钙300 kg/hm^(2),A3);每个施肥处理下,分别设小黑麦和豌豆混合播种比例70∶30(B1)、50∶50(B_(2))和30∶70(B_3)。在豌豆盛花期刈割前,调查小黑麦和饲用豌豆株高、叶片形态指标(面积、周长、长度、宽度),及生物量和营养品质。【结果】与不施肥处理A_(1)相比,施肥处理(A_(2)和A_3)显著提高了牧草的鲜重和干重、蛋白质产量以及两种作物的株高和叶面积。A_(2)和A_3处理在上述指标上没有显著差异,但A_3处理叶宽的增幅显著高于A_(2)。A_(2)和A_3处理对两种牧草粗蛋白、可溶性糖、中性和酸性洗涤纤维含量均无显著影响,但A_(2)处理增加了粗脂肪含量。小黑麦和饲用豌豆的播种比例对两种作物的鲜重、干重、蛋白质产量和株高没有显著影响,但降低小黑麦播种比例增加了饲草粗脂肪和可溶性糖含量,显著降低了中性与酸性洗涤纤维含量。播种比例与施肥有显著的交互作用,A_3B_(1)的牧草鲜重和干重最高,分别比其他处理高36.09%~180.08%和62.27%~281.59%,叶面积和蛋白质、可溶性糖含量也最高。A_3B_(1)处理的小黑麦叶片周长比A_(1)B_(1)、A_(1)B_(2)和A1B3处理分别高15.76%、40.29%和54.51%,饲用豌豆叶面积比A1B1、A1B2和A1B3处理分别提高20.31%、14.06%和64.65%,饲草中性洗涤纤维含量分别比A1B1、A1B2和A1B3处理增加了7.15%、27.14%和17.89%。【结论】氮磷配施可显著提高牧草生产性能、叶片形态和牧草质量。小黑麦和饲用豌豆按70∶30的比例混合播种,牧草生产性能、叶片形态和质量均优于其他处理。因此,在高寒地区,建议推广小黑麦和饲用豌豆按70∶30的比例混合播种,并配施氮、磷肥。

微生物种衣剂的制备及其对大麦生长的影响

为促进大麦种子萌发及幼苗生长,明确微生物种衣剂在大麦生产中的作用,以黄原胶-明胶(XG-GEL)为成膜剂,解淀粉芽孢杆菌B1(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B1)为活性成分设计制备微生物种衣剂XG-GEL-B1;通过研究微生物种衣剂对大麦发芽率及幼苗生长和生理指标的影响,以优化微生物种衣剂的使用比例。结果表明,当药种比为1∶75时,成膜剂包衣大麦种子后的发芽率较清水处理组提高12.67%;同时,风干24 h时的细菌活性较B1包衣提升13.92%。进一步研究发现,当成膜剂中的细菌浓度为104 CFU·mL^(-1)时,与清水处理组相比,制备得到的XG-GEL-B1可使发芽24 h时的大麦种子发芽率显著提升14.00个百分点。盆栽试验结果表明,XG-GEL-B1包衣处理使大麦幼苗的株高、根长和鲜重分别较清水处理组提高20.39%、13.51%和14.63%;可溶性总糖、可溶性蛋白、叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素a+b含量分别较清水处理组提高16.18%、1.97%、13.07%、44.47%和26.47%。此外,本研究制备的XG-GEL-B1种衣剂符合悬浮种衣剂和微生物菌剂的pH值、粘度、成膜时间、包衣均匀度和包衣脱落率指标要求,可用作大麦种子包衣。上述结果表明,微生物种衣剂XG-GEL-B1可提高种子发芽率和作物生理特性。本研究结果为大麦的科学、高效种植提供了理论基础。

不同种衣剂配方对油菜生长的影响

本研究旨在提高油菜种子质量,实现种子标准化,并促进油菜增产。通过对油菜种子进行丸粒化包衣,探讨了不同药种比种衣剂包衣对油菜生长的影响。以甘蓝型油菜‘帆鸣1号’为试材,研究了不同药种比的丸粒化种衣剂NXY-1和瑞士悬浮种衣剂SLS包衣油菜种子对油菜苗期生长的影响。结果表明:在丸粒化种衣剂NXY-1中,最佳药种质量比为1:300,该配比的丸粒化种衣剂能促进种子出苗,冬前和盛花期干鲜重比最高,出苗后21 d氮磷含量,钾含量较对照相比最高,能有效提高叶绿素和赤霉素含量,效果均优于进口种衣剂SLS。

好氧颗粒污泥处理模拟污水最佳脱氮工况

探索了好氧颗粒污泥(AGS)处理碳氮比为5的模拟废水的脱氮效果。通过单因素试验探究了污泥浓度、外投碳源浓度及接种自养AGS质量占比对总无机氮(TIN)去除率的影响,确定各影响因素适宜的范围为:污泥浓度在4000~6000 mg/L,外投碳源浓度在100~200 mg/L,自养AGS接种占比为75%~25%。利用响应曲面法分析各因素对TIN去除的影响,确定最佳运行工况。显著性影响因子排序为:外投碳源浓度>污泥浓度>自养AGS质量占比。最佳工况为:泥量浓度4957.22 mg/L、外投碳源浓度200 mg/L、接种自养AGS质量占比57.78%,对TIN去除率的预测值为94.06%。

聚合物水泥防水涂料用苯丙乳液的研制及其各因素影响研究

通过预乳化半连续种子乳液聚合法自制了JS防水涂料专用苯丙乳液,并由此制备了聚合物水泥防水涂料。研究了乳化剂用量及其分配对苯丙乳液粒径及其吸水率的影响,同时通过尝试不同的方法降低乳液残留单体减少VOC排放。在自制苯丙乳液的基础上探究不同液粉比对聚合物水泥防水涂料拉伸性能的影响,通过添加一些不同的助剂来提升聚合物水泥防水涂料的综合性能。

多元营养调和油的配方设计及适用人群

以油茶籽油作为基料油,针对三大不同人群的特殊营养需求,用超声混匀方式使各原料混合均匀,结合《中国居民膳食指南》和相关文献报道,以及专用调和油的配方设计依据,利用Anaconda软件建立数学模型,优化营养调和油中的脂肪酸配比,得到以油茶籽油为基油的不同人群专用油配方并对配方产品的营养成分进行验证。研究可为不同人群的食用油使用提供指导依据。

有机肥料种子发芽指数的影响因素分析

以不同品种有机肥料为考察对象,研究了有机肥浸提液的电导率、养分组成以及浸提固液比对种子发芽指数的影响。结果表明:种子发芽指数与浸提液的电导率呈负相关;氮素对种子发芽指数影响最大,钾素次之,磷素对种子发芽指数影响不大;降低浸提固液比,可以大幅提高种子发芽指数。

The heading-date gene Ghd7 inhibits seed germination by modulating the balance between abscisic acid and gibberellins

Seed dormancy of cultivated rice was largely weakened during the progress of domestication.Correct timing and uniformity of seed germination are important for rapid seedling establishment and highyield production.In the present study,we found that the heading-date gene Ghd7 acted as a negative regulator of germination.A mutant of ghd7 showed low sensitivity to exogenous ABA treatment during seed germination.Further investigation revealed reduced accumulation of ABA in mature ghd7 seeds as a consequence of dampened expression of OsNCED genes.Moreover,elevated GA_(3) level was detected in seeds of ghd7 mutant during imbibition course,which was attributed to the induction of genes responsible for the synthesis pathways of bioactive GAs.Thus,Ghd7 inhibits seed germination by increasing the ABA/GA_(3) ratio.Besides revealing pleiotropic effects of Ghd7,our results indicate its role in linking seed germination to growth-phase transition in rice,which would enrich the theoretical basis for future breeding practices.

Electrodeposition of Gold to Conformally Fill High-Aspect-Ratio Nanometric Silicon Grating Trenches: A Comparison of Pulsed and Direct Current Protocols

Filling high-aspect-ratio trenches with gold is a frequent requirement in the fabrication of X-ray optics as well as micro-electronic components and other fabrication processes. Conformal electrodeposition of gold in sub-micron-width silicon trenches with an aspect ratio greater than 35 over a grating area of several square centimeters is challenging and has not been described in the literature previously. A comparison of pulsed plating and constant current plating led to a gold electroplating protocol that reliably filled trenches for such structures.

QTL mapping and QTL × environment interaction analysis of multi-seed pod in cultivated peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)

To dissect the genetic mechanism of multi-seed pod in peanut, we explored the QTL/gene controlling multi-seed pod and analyzed the interaction effect of QTL and environment. Two hundred and forty eight recombinant inbred lines(RIL) from cross Silihong × Jinonghei 3 were used as experimental materials planted in 8 environments from 2012 to 2017. Three methods of analysis were performed. These included individual environment analysis, joint analysis in multiple environments, and epistatic interaction analysis for multi-seed pod QTL. Phenotypic data and best linear unbiased prediction(BLUP) value of the ratio of multi-seed pods per plant(RMSP) were used for QTL mapping. Seven QTL detected by the individual environmental mapping analysis and were distributed on linkage groups 1, 6, 9, 14, 19(2), and 21. Each QTL explained 4.42%–11.51% of the phenotypic variation in multi-seed pod, and synergistic alleles of5 QTL were from the Silihong parent. One QTL, explaining 4.93% of the phenotypic variation was detected using BLUP data, and this QTL mapped in the same interval as q RMSP19.1 detected in the individual environment analysis. Seventeen additive QTL were identified by joint analysis across multiple environments. A total of 43 epistatic QTL were detected by ICIM-EPI mapping in the multiple environment trials(MET) module, and involved 57 loci. Two main-effect QTL related to multi-seed pod in peanut were filtered. We also found that RMSP had a highly significant positive correlation with pod yield per plant(PY), and epistatic effects were much more important than additive effects. These results provide theoretical guidance for the genetic improvement of germplasm resources and further fine mapping of related genes in peanut.

Experimental Study on Working Performance of Rice Rope Direct Seeding Machine

Structure and sowing principles of rice rope direct seeding machine are introduced. In order to test the machine＇ s working performance, such as compacting effect, sowing depth, influence of sowing device to rice rope, etc., field experiments were conducted. It is concluded that mean slip ratio of compacting wheel 1 is 4.44%, wheel 2 is 5.58%, wheel 3 is 7.81%, and wheel 4 is 6.96%; mean depth of planting is 29.72 mm, and mean variability coefficient of planting depth is 6.39%. Maximum variability coefficient of planting depth is 8.40%. Rice rope＇s snapping is closely related with the machine＇s speed and guide thread wheel by sowing device orthogonal experiments. Test results show that the machine has a rational design, safe work and meets to the requirements of planting. This study has laid the foundation for further studying the project.

Impacts of Date Palm Seeds （Phoenix dactyliferous L.） on Growth Indices and Nutrient Utilization of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L,

This study was carried out to study the effect of adding different levels of date palm seed （Phoentix dactyliJProus） powder in the diet of common carp （Cyprinus carpio） at fish laboratory of Animal Production Department, College of Agricultural Sciences, Sulaimani University, Sulaimani, Iraq. The actual experimental feeding trials were conducted for 70 d and the adaptation period for 21 d. A total of 81 common carp fingerlings weighted 62 ± 2 g were divided into three experimental groups. The control treatment T1 was with 0 g date palm seed, T2 with 2.5 g date palm seed per kg diet and T3 with 5 g date palm seed per kg diet. Each treatment was in three replicates in which three common carp fingerlings were stocked in each aquarium which fed the experimental diets twice daily. The results indicated that weight gain （WG） and specific growth rate （SGR） in the third treatment （T3） group were significantly higher than those of fish fed control diets. T2 consumed more diet than other treatments with 306.940 g with higher feed conversion ratio （FCR）; T3 was higher significantly in food efficiency. No significant （P 〈 0.05） differences obtained from consumed protein while the protein efficiency ratio was significantly higher in T3 with 319.323. Control was higher significantly in flesh weight without viscera with the third treatment; in flesh weight without head and viscera each the control and the second treatment was significantly higher than the third treatment. As a conclusion, the date palm seeds powder have a positive effect on growth performance of common carp.

蜜蜂授粉在辣椒杂交制种上的应用

为进一步探究蜜蜂授粉在三系配套杂交辣椒制种中的作用,于2020年在山西进行蜜蜂授粉杂交辣椒制种试验,研究不同蜂种、父母本种植比例、母本类型等技术指标对蜜蜂授粉的影响。结果表明,蜜蜂授粉辣椒单位面积制种产量可达到人工授粉的50%,单位面积投入可降低到人工授粉的32.5%,利润率为人工授粉的近3倍。蜜蜂授粉可提高种子数量和活力,同时大量节约辣椒种子生产成本,经济效益十分显著。