Optimization of Ultrasound-assisted Extraction Conditions for Polysaccharides from Pinus tabulaeformis Seed Shells

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the optimal technological condi- tions for ultrasouqd-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Pinus tabulaeformis seed shells. [Melhod] Polysaccharides were extracted from P. tabulaeformis seed shells by ultrasound-assisted hot water extraction method and detected by phenol- concentrated sulfuric acid method. The effect of extraction temperature, extraction duration, solid-liquid ratio and extraction frequency on the extraction of polysaccha- rides was investigated using single-factor gradient experiment and the extraction conditions for polysaccharides from P. tabulaeformis seed shells were optimized us- ing L9（34） orthogonal design. [Result] The content of polysaccharides extracted twice at 60 ℃ for 25 min with solid-liquid ratio of 1：3.5 reached the maximum. The re- covery rate （n=-5） ranged from 97.71% to 100.67% and RSD was 1.56%, suggesting high stability. [Conclusion] A simple and efficient method for ultrasound-assisted ex- traction of polysaccharides from P. tabulaeformis seed shells was established in this study, which laid solid foundation for the development and utilization of abandoned pine nut shell resources.

Adsorptive Treatment of Textile Wastewater Using Activated Carbon Produced from Mucuna pruriens Seed Shells

Mucuna pruriens seed shells (abundantly available agricultural waste) were processed, treated and activated using 60% orthophosphoric acid for removal of congo red and malachite green from an aqueous solution. Its physicochemical properties and its removal efficiencies on the textile dyes were determined. The effect of particle size, adsorbent dose, initial pH of solution, adsorbate concentration and contact time on the process of adsorption was investigated. The equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the dyes removal were also investigated. The experi-mental data were modeled using linear regression method of analysis. The correlation coefficient was used as a criterion for model adequacy and acceptance. Sum of squares error was used to val-idate the isotherm models. The pseudo second-order kinetic model was found to best correlate the experimental data. The intraparticle diffusion is not the only rate controlling step in the process. The experimental data were found to follow the Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin isotherm models. The negative free energy indicated that the adsorption processes were spontaneously feasible. The process of adsorption has been found to be endothermic in nature. The removal of malachite green was found to be more spontaneous and feasible than the removal of congo red on the adsorbent. From the study it was deduced that the Mucuna pruriens seed shells activated with phosphoric acid were found to be a good adsorbent for the treatment of textile wastewater con-taining congo red and malachite green.

Optimization Conditions of the Preparation of Activated Carbon Based Egusi (<i>Cucumeropsis mannii</i>Naudin) Seed Shells for Nitrate Ions Removal from Wastewater

Egusi seed shells (ESS) were used as precursor for the preparation of two activated carbons (ACs) following H3PO4 and ZnCl2 activation. The effect of factors controlling the preparation of ACs such as chemical activating agent concentration (2 - 10 M), activation temperature (400°C - 700°C) and residence time (30 - 120 min) were optimized using the Box-Behnken Design (BBD). The optimized activated carbons based H3PO4 (ACP) and ZnCl2 (ACZ) were characterized by N2 adsorption, elemental analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Boehm titration and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) techniques. The specific surface area was found to be 1053.91 and 1009.89 m2·g-1 for ACP and ACZ respectively. The adsorbents had similar surface functionalities and were both microporous. The effect of various parameters such as initial pH, concentration, and contact time on the adsorption of nitrate ions on ACP and ACZ in aqueous solution was studied. ACZ demonstrated better adsorption capacity (8.26 mg·g-1) compared to ACP (5.65 mg·g-1) at the same equilibrium time of 20 min. The adsorption process was governed by a “physical interactions” phenomenon for both adsorbents.

Methylene Blue Removal from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption on Archidendron jiringa Seed Shells

A study of batch and column adsorption using A. jiringa seed shell as a natural adsorbent to remove methylene blue from aqueous solution was carried out. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of A. jiringa seed shell in removing methylene blue as well as to determine the isotherm and adsorption kinetics of methylene blue by A. jiringa seed shells. Parameters in the batch study showed optimum pH for adsorption was at pH 7 with the optimum contact time of 60 minutes whereas the adsorbent dose obtained was 12 g/l. The percentage removal of methylene blue increased with elevated temperature while the ionic strength reduced the adsorption capacity in the dye uptake. Langmuir isotherm was suitable for this study rather than Freundlich model due to the higher regression value: R2 = 0.9999. The most suitable kinetic model for this study was the pseudo second order, compared to pseudo first order, Elovich and intra particle with the value of regression: R2 = 0.9158. This column adsorption study used several different flow rates: 15 mL/min, 18 mL/min, 21 mL/min, 24 mL/min and 27 mL/min for 75 minutes long. The breakthrough time was lesser: 10 minutes in higher flow rates (24 mL/min and 27 mL/min), which indicated the shorter time for the adsorbent to be saturated. Thomas and Yoon & Nelson’s models were proven to be more suitable compared to Bohart-Adams model for the fixed bed adsorption study.

Adsorption of methylene blue onto activated carbon produced from tea (Camellia sinensis L.) seed shells: kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics studies

Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) seed shells, the main byproduct of the manufacture of tea seed oil, were used as precursors for the preparation of tea activated carbon (TAC) in the present study. A high yield (44.1%) of TAC was obtained from tea seed shells via a one-step chemical method using ZnCl2 as an agent. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and the total pore volumes of the obtained TAC were found to be 1 530.67 mg2/g and 0.7826 cm3/g, respectively. The equilibrium adsorption results were complied with Langmuir isotherm model and its maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was 324.7 mg/g for methylene blue. Adsorption kinetics studies indicated that the pseudosecond-order model yielded the best fit for the kinetic data. An intraparticle diffusion model suggested that the intraparticle diffusion was not the only rate-controlling step. Thermodynamics studies revealed the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the sorption process. These results indicate that tea seed shells could be utilized as a renewable resource to develop activated carbon which is a potential adsorbent for methylene blue.

The preparation,characterization, and catalytic performance of porous fibrous LaFeO3 perovskite made from a sunflower seed shell template

LaFe03 perovskite with a porous fibrous structure was successfully synthesized using a sunflower seed shell as a template.To investigate the effects of this template,a sample was prepared without a template via the same procedure.Through various characterization techniques,such as X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,N2 adsorption-desorption analysis,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,oxygen temperature programed desorption,and hydrogen temperature programed reduction,the physiochemical properties of the samples were investigated.The results showed that the sample made with a template had a larger surface area and a larger amount of adsorbed oxygen,which further illustrated that the sunflower seed shell template had a significant impact on the physiochemical properties of the samples.Furthermore,we explored the catalytic activity for nitric oxide(NO)oxidation,and studied the factors affecting it,which highlighted its potential application in automobile exhausts.

Photochemical synthesis of bimetallic Au-Ag nanoparticles with “core-shell” type structure by seed mediated catalytic growth

The colloidal Au core/Ag shell structure composite nanoparticles were synthesized in PEG-acetone solution by photochemical route. The monodispersed Au nanoparticles with average diameter of 3.9 nm were used as growth seeds. The optical property of colloids and the sizes of composite nanoparticles were characterized when the molar ratio of Au to Ag ranges from 4∶1 to 1∶4. The results show that a composite nanoparticle structure similar to strawberry shape is formed at the molar ratio of Au to Ag from 4∶1 to 1∶1; the composite nanoparticles consisting of a core of Au and shell of Ag were generated at the 1∶4 molar ratio, having a striking feature of forming (interconnected) network structure.

S-8大孔树脂-C18柱联用分离牡丹籽壳中短叶松素及抗氧化研究

以牡丹籽壳为原料,利用大孔树脂和C18反相键合硅胶柱(C18柱)联合分离短叶松素,回收率为(98.33±0.64)%。用70%(体积分数)乙醇提取牡丹籽壳粗黄酮(Mu Dan Ke Flavonoids,MDKF),得率最高为(10.54±0.13)%;比较了6种大孔树脂(AB-8、S-8、DM301、HPD600、HPD100和D101)的吸附率和解析率,发现S-8大孔树脂的吸附率和解析率最佳,分别为83.47%和84.46%;优化S-8大孔树脂分离MDKF的最佳条件为:上样液质量浓度1.6 mg/mL,上样液流速2.0 mL/min,洗脱剂乙醇体积分数60%,洗脱液流速1.5 mL/min,洗脱液体积100 mL;对经过C18柱分离后的组分进行LC-MS分析得到短叶松素,回收率为(98.33±0.64)%;分离前后抗氧化能力比较:C18纯化物>S-8大孔树脂纯化物>MDKF粗提物;分子对接实验表明,短叶松素与超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶均有结合能力,过氧化氢酶的结合能力最强为-9.1 kcal/mol。实验表明,短叶松素具有较好的抗氧化能力,可作为食品、药品或化妆品等抗氧化剂的添加,应用前景非常广泛,对牡丹籽壳的进一步开发利用提供理论支持。

基于超声改性橡胶籽壳活性炭的制备方法研究

以农业废弃物橡胶籽壳为原料,以KOH为活化剂,与超声处理相结合制备活性炭,通过调整制备处理条件对活性炭的表面结构进行调控,以获得最佳制备条件。采用傅里叶显微红外、扫描电镜、元素分析、热重分析等手段,研究活性炭的物理化学特性,考察其吸附能力,并比较超声预处理与未超声预处理的活性炭的特性。研究得出最优制备条件为:剂料比为1∶1,超声作用时间为60 min,活化时间为60 min,活化温度为700℃。超声预处理后的活性炭(UAC)的亚甲基蓝吸附值为400 mg/g、碘吸附值为1340.2 mg/g、得率达25.9%,总孔容为0.9511 cm^(3)/g,比表面积为1034.5009 m^(2)/g;未经超声预处理的活性炭(NAC)的亚甲基蓝吸附值为300 mg/g,碘吸附值为894.0 mg/g,得率为20.8%,比表面积为690.2461 m^(2)/g,总孔容为0.6830 cm^(3)/g。二者均含羟基、醇羟基、羰基官能团,橡胶籽壳活性炭的氮气吸附等温线为Ⅰ型。KOH活化后的活性炭表面存有大量孔结构,UAC活性炭表面光滑平整,有许多丰富规则的孔结构,优于NAC活性炭。橡胶籽壳的碳(C)含量丰富,经过KOH活化后,UAC和NAC的C含量由原来的56.81%,分别提高到75.97%、64.89%。KOH活化后的样品比橡胶籽壳更加稳定,UAC和NAC样品的总重量分别损失62%和68%之后趋于稳定。综上所述,超声处理制备的活性炭性能更佳,说明超声波的空化效应作用在活性炭结构表面,使其结构发生变化,进而提高其吸附性能、比表面积等。

芡实壳提取物的抗氧化活性及对口腔溃疡模型大鼠的治疗作用

目的研究芡实壳对口腔溃疡模型大鼠的防治作用及其潜在作用机制。方法分别以福林酚法、硝酸铝比色法测定芡实壳-萃取物中多酚、黄酮含量;以DPPH·、ABTS^(+)·、·OH和·O_(2)4种自由基清除实验评价体外抗氧化活性;冰醋酸灼伤法建立口腔溃疡大鼠模型。采用酶联免疫法检测血清中氧化因子水平;HE染色观察溃疡黏膜组织病理变化;Western blot方法检测溃疡黏膜组织中Keap1、Nrf2、Nes-Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平。结果乙酸乙酯萃取物中多酚、黄酮含量为306.74±1.04 mg/g、23.43±0.61 mg/g,其清除DPPH·、ABTS^(+)·自由基的IC50分别是3.42±0.97µg/mL、3.32±0.90µg/mL(P<0.01);乙酸乙酯组能明显改善模型动物口腔黏膜损伤,提高血清中CAT水平、降低MDA水平(P<0.01),显著增加血清中NEs-Nrf2(P<0.01)以及HO-1(P<0.05)蛋白表达量、降低Keap1(P<0.01)蛋白表达量显著。结论芡实壳提取物对口腔溃疡有一定治疗作用,其作用机制可能是通过激活Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1信号通路。

紫苏籽壳提取物纳米银颗粒的制备及性能表征

为进一步提高紫苏资源的利用价值,本研究以紫苏籽壳提取物(PSHE)为原料,通过单因素实验,分别考察硝酸银浓度、提取液浓度、超声波功率、超声温度和超声时间对紫苏籽壳提取物纳米银(PSHE@AgNPs)银离子还原率的影响,并在单因素实验基础上,采用响应面法对超声波辅助制备PSHE@AgNPs的工艺进行优化,并采用X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、热重分析及透射电子显微镜对PSHE@AgNPs的结构及性能进行表征。结果表明,PSHE@AgNPs制备最佳工艺为:硝酸银浓度15 mmol/L,提取液浓度0.4 g/mL,超声波功率480 W,超声温度80℃,超声时间7 h,在此工艺条件下制备的PSHE@AgNPs银离子还原率达92.37%。X射线衍射分析表明PSHE@AgNPs具有面心立方结构;傅里叶变换红外光谱表明PSHE@AgNPs表面存在植物化学物质,酚类化合物参与纳米银的合成;热重分析显示了PSHE@AgNPs的热稳定性,在276.7~420.3℃范围内存在主要的质量损失,质量减少46.74%;透射电子显微镜显示PSHE@AgNPs是粒径均值为27.97 nm的近球形分散颗粒。研究结果可为超声波辅助绿色合成粒径小、分散性高、具有热稳定性的面心立方结构的PSHE@AgNPs提供理论指导,并推动其在生物材料和医学领域的应用。

不同处理对轮台白杏种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响

【目的】掌握轮台白杏种子的最佳育苗方法,为高效科学育苗提供技术支撑,为揭示杏休眠机理提供理论依据。【方法】以轮台白杏种子为研究对象,设置激素法、温汤浸种法、低温层积法、激素+低温层积法打破种子休眠,统计发芽率,将萌发的种子播种到土壤中,30 d后测定幼苗特性。【结果】1)GA_(3)和温汤浸种处理不去皮种子,发芽率很低,表明轮台白杏具有种皮休眠特性。带壳轮台白杏种子经低温层积80 d才开始萌发,说明轮台白杏具有种壳休眠特性。2)在不同处理中,有两个处理方法发芽率及出苗率均较高,其中500 mg/L的GA_(3)处理半去皮轮台白杏种子,发芽率高达94.00%,出苗率高达88.00%,种苗根系发达,不易徒长,育苗成本最低,每千株为276元,育苗效率最高。温汤浸种轮台白杏种子在50℃浸种全去皮轮台白杏种子30 min,发芽率和出苗率均较高,分别为98.00%和84.00%,成本较低,效率较高。低温层积带壳种子120 d时发芽率最高为80.67%,所有低温层积处理出苗率低于70%,育苗成本较高,效率最低。3)先用激素浸泡种24 h,后层积综合处理发现,轮台白杏种子发芽率及出苗率均不高,且成本最高,育苗效率不高。【结论】杏具有种皮、种壳休眠特性。500 mg/L的GA_(3)浸泡半去皮种子24 h与50℃浸种全去皮轮台白杏种子30 min,育种成本较低,效率较高,均可用作生产中的育苗方法。

莲子壳棉织物染色工艺研究

文章主要研究了莲子壳色素的水提法最佳提取工艺及对棉织物的染色性能。利用单因素试验法确定了莲子壳色素最佳的提取条件与直接染色的最佳工艺,通过测试染色棉织物K/S值,分析了不同金属媒染剂与其对应的前媒、同媒与后媒染色法的染色效果。结果表明,莲子壳色素最佳提取时间为120 min,最佳提取温度为80℃,最佳莲子壳粉末用量为5 g/50mL。在棉织物上,最佳的染色条件是:染液的浓度达到200%,温度保持在90℃,染色时间为70 min。铁离子媒染对棉织物的颜色有很大的影响,而后媒染则是对颜色深浅的影响最大的方法。所有媒染试样的干、湿摩擦、耐皂洗与耐日晒色牢度测试的数值均达到生产要求。

含壳率对油茶籽油品质特性的影响

为了探究螺旋压榨过程中含壳率对油茶籽油品质特性的影响规律,考察了含壳率对螺旋压榨油茶籽油的出油率、理化指标、生物活性物质、脂肪酸组成、氧化诱导时间以及挥发性风味成分等品质特性的影响。结果表明,螺旋压榨出油率随着含壳率的增加而提高,到20%时趋于稳定,最高出油率为26.29%。且当壳质量分数为20%时,油茶籽油的酸价、过氧化值、水分及挥发物质量分数均最低,分别为0.82 mg/g、0.37 mmol/kg和0.07%,氧化诱导时间最长,为22.62 h,同时其色度值和磷脂含量均处较低水平。当壳质量分数为30%~40%时,油茶籽油中多酚含量最高,为67.48 mg/kg,且油茶籽油的色泽相对较深。含壳率对油茶籽油的甾醇、角鲨烯、维生素E含量以及脂肪酸组成无显著影响。通过电子鼻和GC-IMS对不同含壳率油茶籽油中挥发性风味成分进行分析,结果表明,油茶籽油中主要挥发性化合物为醛类、醇类、酯类、酮类和杂环类物质等,且含壳率较高的油茶籽油和含壳率较低的油茶籽油中的挥发性成分有显著差异,当壳质量分数低于20%时,油茶籽油中挥发性成分含量较多,其香味较为浓郁,随着含壳率的增加,油茶籽油中挥发性物质含量也随之减少。综合油茶籽油的理化指标、生物活性物质含量、氧化稳定性及挥发性成分含量,螺旋压榨油茶籽油时的物料理想壳质量分数为20%。

饲料添加牡丹籽壳对黄颡鱼肝脏组织学、抗氧化酶活性和非特异性免疫的影响

为探究饲料中添加牡丹籽壳对黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)抗氧化能力和非特异性免疫的影响,以饲喂商品饲料的黄颡鱼为空白对照组,以饲喂含有1%和5%牡丹籽油的再制商品饲料的黄颡鱼为阳性对照组,以饲喂含有1%和5%牡丹籽壳的再制商品饲料的黄颡鱼为试验组,养殖时间21 d。测定黄颡鱼血清和肝脏抗氧化酶活性、血清溶菌酶活性及补体C3含量,并在光学显微镜下观察黄颡鱼肝脏组织形态学结构。结果表明,与对照组相比,饲料添加1%牡丹籽壳显著提高黄颡鱼血清中超氧化物歧化酶活性(P<0.001)和补体C3(P<0.05)含量,黄颡鱼肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著升高(P<0.001),指示肝脏氧化损伤程度的丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.001),黄颡鱼肝脏形态结构完好,与对照组无明显差异。牡丹籽壳提高黄颡鱼抗氧化能力和非特异性免疫的效果在5%剂量添加组更加显著,与空白对照组相比,血清超氧化物歧化酶、肝脏超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别提高了100%(P<0.001)、245%(P<0.001)和176%(P<0.001),血清溶菌酶活性和补体C3含量分别提高了36%(P<0.001)和33%(P<0.01)。与牡丹籽油相比,饲料添加牡丹籽壳能达到与其相同的保健效果。饲料添加牡丹籽壳能有效提高黄颡鱼抗氧化能力和非特异性免疫,适宜添加量为1%~5%。

南瓜籽壳对不同生长阶段西杂肉牛生长性能、血清生化和免疫指标及激素水平的影响

[目的]研究日粮中添加南瓜籽壳对不同生长阶段西杂肉牛生长性能、血清生化和免疫指标及激素水平的影响。[方法]选取体况良好的西门塔尔杂交公牛共40头,按照体重分为5组,分别为试验1组(300 kg左右)、试验2组(400 kg左右)、试验3组(500 kg左右)、试验4组(600 kg左右)和试验5组(700 kg左右),每组8头,分栏饲养,基础日粮中均添加10%的南瓜籽壳。试验期为90 d,预试期20 d,正试期70 d。记录各组肉牛试验期间体重及采食情况,计算平均日增重、平均日采食量和平均料重比;试验结束时采集血液样本制备血清,测定血清生化指标、免疫指标及激素水平。[结果]随着肉牛体重的增加,日采食量逐渐增加,试验4组和5组平均日采食量显著(P<0.05)高于其他组;试验1组平均料重比最低,显著(P<0.05)低于其他组。试验4组血清总蛋白(TP)、尿素氮(BUN)含量显著(P<0.05)高于试验1组、3组。试验2组血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著(P<0.05)高于其他组。试验1组血清皮质醇(COR)水平显著(P<0.05)高于试验3组、4组、5组,试验5组血清降钙素(CT)水平显著(P<0.05)高于其他各组,试验4组、5组C反应蛋白水平显著(P<0.05)高于试验1组。[结论]西杂肉牛日粮中添加南瓜籽壳,可增加采食量,提高机体蛋白质利用率,对增强动物免疫力具有一定作用,可作为一种粗饲料资源进行开发利用。

10t/d双螺杆榨油机压榨油茶籽的工艺研究

为提高油茶籽油的品质,减少传统油茶籽制油工艺对油茶籽油的营养成分损失,对日处理10t双螺杆榨油机压榨油茶籽的工艺进行了研究。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:油茶籽经过分级处理后入榨油茶仁水分控制在9%、油茶仁中含壳控制在8%时,压榨饼中残油率为2.49%,且产品符合一级油的国家标准。与市场上销售的油茶籽油相比,通过本工艺获得的油茶籽油中α-生育酚的保留率更高,从而进一步提高油茶籽油的营养价值,可为我国油茶籽油的高值化加工提供了技术参考。

基于可见-近红外光谱和化学计量学的带壳香榧坏籽快速识别

带壳香榧籽在后熟处理及炒制过程中会产生无法食用的香榧坏籽,在不破坏外壳的情况下人工无法准确识别和消除,将影响香榧籽整体品质。利用两种近红外光谱仪采集带壳正常香榧籽和香榧坏籽的光谱数据,研究比较8种光谱预处理方法,采用单一波长选择方法(无信息变量消除算法、竞争性自适应重加权采样算法、连续投影算法和子窗口重排分析法)及联合波长选择方法对两个光谱仪的光谱数据进行特征波长筛选,应用线性判别分析(LDA)和支持向量机方法(SVM)建立香榧坏籽的识别模型并比较模型性能的优劣,以确定不同光谱仪下较优的特征波长选择方法。研究结果表明,对于光谱仪1,预处理未能有效提高模型性能,连续投影算法为最优的特征波长选择方法,所建立的LDA和SVM模型的预测集敏感性、特异性及准确率分别为97.10%、95.00%、96.00%和97.10%、97.50%、97.30%,优于全波段模型,建模波长变量数由661个缩减到9个,仅占原波长变量数的1.36%。对于光谱仪2,基线校正为最优的预处理方法,子窗口重排分析法为最优的特征波长选择方法,所建立的LDA和SVM模型的预测集敏感性、特异性及准确率分别为100.00%、92.50%、96.00%和100.00%、95.00%、97.30%,与全波段模型性能一致,建模波长变量数由155个缩减到55个,占原波长变量数的35.48%。近红外光谱技术可以较好地识别带壳香榧坏籽,合适的特征波长选择方法可以有效筛选特征波长,简化模型,并提高模型的准确率和稳定性。研究还发现1000~1300nm光谱波段与香榧籽的淀粉、脂肪和蛋白质含量有关,较适合于带壳香榧坏籽的鉴别。该研究为带壳香榧坏籽的快速无损识别提供一定参考。

对辊式油茶果籽壳清选机的设计与试验

针对现有油茶果籽壳清选机清选效果不佳、茶籽损伤率高问题,设计了一种采用齿光辊清选原理的对辊式油茶果籽壳清选机。同时,对油茶籽、壳的物理特性进行了研究,对清选装置辊组排布方式、齿光辊组数、清选关键部件齿辊齿形和直径分别进行了设计,分析了清选状态时油茶壳受力情况。为验证对辊式油茶果籽壳清选机是否达到了预期设计目标,设计了三因素三水平正交试验,选取清选间隙、辊轴转速、喂入量为试验因素,以茶籽破碎率和清选率为评价指标,对清选机进行现场试验。结果表明:清选间隙为3.13 mm、轴辊转速为298.25 r/min、喂入量为1.51 t/h时,对辊式油茶果籽壳清选机获得最佳清选效果,此时茶籽破损率为3.30%,清选率为96.79%。

石灰茶籽壳灰改良红黏土试验对比研究

以信阳红黏土为研究对象,分别掺入3%、6%、9%、12%的石灰、茶籽壳灰对其改良,通过界限含水量试验、直接剪切试验、无侧限抗压试验、压缩试验与电镜微观扫描对比分析两种材料改良红黏土效果,试验结果表明:(1)掺入石灰、茶籽壳灰能够影响塑限、液限、塑性指数,塑性指数、塑限、液限影响程度依次降低;(2)石灰掺入量9%能够较好地改良红黏土工程特性;(3)石灰改良红黏土机理是CaO与土体中活性物质生成Ca(OH)_(2)、水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)、水化铝酸钙(C-A-H)等凝胶物质,凝胶物质包裹土颗粒,使得土体微观结构致密,致使土体强度提升;(4)茶籽壳灰其化学成分与红黏土中活性物质没有发生化学反应,生成凝胶物质,其改良效果弱于石灰。