As global temperature rise,the threat of heat stress to rapeseed production is becoming more obvious.Exploring the response characteristics of two important biological pathways,oil accumulation and photosynthesis,to h...As global temperature rise,the threat of heat stress to rapeseed production is becoming more obvious.Exploring the response characteristics of two important biological pathways,oil accumulation and photosynthesis,to heat stress during B.napus seed filling is helpful in the genetic improvement of heat-tolerant rapeseed.The effects of heat stress on seed oil accumulation and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of 29 B.napus germplasms with different oil content and environmental sensitivity,including 6 rapeseed varieties which exhibited environmentsensitive/insensitive and with high,medium or low oil content,were tested by whole plant heat stress or the in vitro silique culture system.Both assay exhibited similar trend on oil content of the rapeseed germplasms.The heat effect on the chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic parameters F_(v)/F_(m),ETR and Y(Ⅱ)were also consistent.Heat stress significantly decreased oil content,although there was abundant genetic variation on heat tolerance among the genotypes.Correlation analysis showed that the decrease rate of F_(v)/F_(m) of silique heat-stressed B.napus developing seed was positive correlative to the decrease rate of mature seed oil content of the whole plant heat-stressed rapeseed(R=0.9214,P-value<0.01).Overall,the results indicated that heat stress inhibited oil accumulation and photosynthesis in B.napus developing seed.The decrease rate of chlorophyll fluorescence parameter F_(v)/F_(m) of heat-stressed developing seed could be used as the index of heat tolerant rapeseed identification.Further,two heat insensitive rapeseed varieties with high oil content were identified.展开更多
[Objectives] The identification of salt tolerant genetic loci in rice can provide a research basis for the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance and gene resources for improving salt tolerant cultivars. [Methods] Reco...[Objectives] The identification of salt tolerant genetic loci in rice can provide a research basis for the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance and gene resources for improving salt tolerant cultivars. [Methods] Recombinant inbred lines(RILs) derived from Zhaxima, an indica landrace variety from Yunnan Province and Nanjing 46, an elite japonica variety with superior grain quality from Jiangsu Province were used. The salt tolerance at seeding stage in the RIL population was investigated as the phenotypic value. [Results] Combined with the linkage map, a total of 4 QTLs were detected: qSST-1, qSST-3, qSST-5 and qSST-11, located in rice chromosomes 1, 3, 5 and 11, respectively. All positive alleles were from the parent Nanjing 46. Three QTLs among them were not included in chromosome intervals the same as cloned rice salt tolerance genes, and thus were described as new candidate gene loci associated with seeding-stage salt tolerance. [Conclusions] This study provides important information for further exploration and utilization of new salt tolerant QTLs in rice. It is of great significance for improving the utilization of saline land in China and ensuring the stable rice production.展开更多
We conducted an integrative system biology of metabolome and transcriptome profile analyses during pomegranate(Punica granatum L.) seed germination and utilized a weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA) to...We conducted an integrative system biology of metabolome and transcriptome profile analyses during pomegranate(Punica granatum L.) seed germination and utilized a weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA) to describe the functionality and complexity of the physiological and morphogenetic processes as well as gene expression and metabolic differences during seed germination stages. In total, 489 metabolites were detected, including 40 differentially accumulated metabolites. The transcriptomic analysis showed the expression of 6 984 genes changed significantly throughout the whole germination process. Using WGCNA, we identified modules related to the various seed germination stages and hub genes. In the initial imbibition stage(stage 1), the pivotal genes involved in RNA transduction and the glycolytic pathway were most active, while in the sprouting stage(stage 4), the pivotal genes were involved in multiple metabolic pathways. In terms of secondary metabolic pathways, we found flavonoid 4-reductase genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway are most significantly affected during pomegranate seed germination, while the flavonol synthase gene was mainly involved in the regulation of isoflavonoid biosynthesis.展开更多
为解析大豆R6期籽粒氨基酸含量的遗传机制,本研究利用264份大豆种质资源材料在2020年和2021年测定了与菜用大豆食味品质相关的精氨酸、丙氨酸、谷氨酸和天冬氨酸含量,并进行全基因组关联分析(GWAS)。结果表明,2年共检测到89个与大豆R6...为解析大豆R6期籽粒氨基酸含量的遗传机制,本研究利用264份大豆种质资源材料在2020年和2021年测定了与菜用大豆食味品质相关的精氨酸、丙氨酸、谷氨酸和天冬氨酸含量,并进行全基因组关联分析(GWAS)。结果表明,2年共检测到89个与大豆R6期籽粒4种氨基酸含量显著关联的SNP位点,其中有5个标记能同时被2年或2个性状重复检测到,分别为S03_40647948(Chr.3)、S05_2727464(Chr.5)、S10_4122977(Chr.10)、S17_34559022(Chr.17)和S19_48541685(Chr.19),单个位点可以解释11.25%~28.19%的表型变异解,其中Chr.17上的标记S17_34559022在2020年和2021年被共同检测到与谷氨酸含量显著关联,属稳定遗传的位点。共挖掘出9个候选基因,其中ZIP蛋白(zinc finger family protein)、转录因子bHLH(bHLH DNA-binding superfamily protein)、生长素反应蛋白家族(auxin-responsive protein family)和天冬氨酸蛋白酶家族蛋白(aspartyl protease family protein),可能是影响菜用大豆氨基酸代谢的重要基因。本研究挖掘到的5个氨基酸含量主效SNP位点和9个候选基因,有助于解析大豆R6期籽粒氨基酸含量的遗传基础及其调控机制,为菜用大豆食味品质遗传改良奠定了基础。展开更多
The abundance and temporal patterns of viable diatom resting stage cells in sediments of the East China Sea in 2006 have been investigated.The abundance of viable resting stages was enumerated with the most probable n...The abundance and temporal patterns of viable diatom resting stage cells in sediments of the East China Sea in 2006 have been investigated.The abundance of viable resting stages was enumerated with the most probable number（MPN） technique.Overall,25 diatom species（including varieties） belonging to 16 genera were detected.Viable resting stage cells were common,on the order of 103 to 106 cells/g dry mass.The abundant taxa included Skeletonema marina,S.dohrnii,Chaetoceros curvisetus and Thalassiosira spp.,with Skeletonema accounting for 83.3% of the cell.The effects of temperature（10,15,20,25 ℃）,salinity（20,25,30,35 psu） and light intensity（0,300,4 000,8 000 lux） on the germination of resting stages in sediment samples were also determined.The results showed that light intensity had a significant positive effect on the germination of diatom resting stage cells（p 〈0.01） and that diatoms could not germinate in darkness.Temperature and salinity had no noticeable effects on the germination.The present study suggests that there are abundant diatom resting cells in sediments of the East China Sea,which could serve as a ＂seed bank＂ in the phytoplankton population succession and contribute to the initiation of algal blooms.展开更多
China is one of the major rapeseed production countries in the world,but harvesting mechanization was still backward,and high harvest loss was a key inhibiting factor for rapeseed production.To obtain optimum harvesti...China is one of the major rapeseed production countries in the world,but harvesting mechanization was still backward,and high harvest loss was a key inhibiting factor for rapeseed production.To obtain optimum harvesting date for winter rape in the Yangtze River Valley of China,artificial simulated combine harvesting and artificial two-stage harvesting were adopted to find correlations between harvesting date,rape variety,seed oil content,protein content,grain moisture rate,rapeseed straw moisture content,rapeseed unthreshing rate,grain drop loss rate,thousand seeds weight(TSW),and harvesting economic coefficient(HEC).Analysis of variance showed that rapeseed oil content,protein content and TSW were correlated with rape variety;HEC was correlated with harvesting method and rape variety.Rape variety was the dominant factor of rapeseed oil content,protein content,TSW and HEC.Grain moisture rate,un-threshing rate,grain drop loss rate and straw moisture content were correlated with harvesting method and date.Harvesting date was the dominant factor of rapeseed moisture rate,un-threshing rate,grain drop loss rate and straw moisture rate.Single factor tests further proved that harvesting date had less impact on rapeseed oil content,protein content,TSW and HEC.It showed little correlation with rapeseed quality except grain moisture rate.The optimum harvesting date could be known by change in straw moisture content.The combined harvesting should be carried out during the grain moisture content of 15%-20%with TSW stabilized in the highest level.The twostage harvesting cutting should be carried out at the grain moisture content of 35%-40%.This research offered a reference to harvesting method and date for rape cultivated in the Yangtze River Valley.展开更多
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY20C130006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172018)the State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products(2010DS700124-ZZ1805).
文摘As global temperature rise,the threat of heat stress to rapeseed production is becoming more obvious.Exploring the response characteristics of two important biological pathways,oil accumulation and photosynthesis,to heat stress during B.napus seed filling is helpful in the genetic improvement of heat-tolerant rapeseed.The effects of heat stress on seed oil accumulation and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of 29 B.napus germplasms with different oil content and environmental sensitivity,including 6 rapeseed varieties which exhibited environmentsensitive/insensitive and with high,medium or low oil content,were tested by whole plant heat stress or the in vitro silique culture system.Both assay exhibited similar trend on oil content of the rapeseed germplasms.The heat effect on the chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic parameters F_(v)/F_(m),ETR and Y(Ⅱ)were also consistent.Heat stress significantly decreased oil content,although there was abundant genetic variation on heat tolerance among the genotypes.Correlation analysis showed that the decrease rate of F_(v)/F_(m) of silique heat-stressed B.napus developing seed was positive correlative to the decrease rate of mature seed oil content of the whole plant heat-stressed rapeseed(R=0.9214,P-value<0.01).Overall,the results indicated that heat stress inhibited oil accumulation and photosynthesis in B.napus developing seed.The decrease rate of chlorophyll fluorescence parameter F_(v)/F_(m) of heat-stressed developing seed could be used as the index of heat tolerant rapeseed identification.Further,two heat insensitive rapeseed varieties with high oil content were identified.
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&D Program(2015BAD01B01)
文摘[Objectives] The identification of salt tolerant genetic loci in rice can provide a research basis for the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance and gene resources for improving salt tolerant cultivars. [Methods] Recombinant inbred lines(RILs) derived from Zhaxima, an indica landrace variety from Yunnan Province and Nanjing 46, an elite japonica variety with superior grain quality from Jiangsu Province were used. The salt tolerance at seeding stage in the RIL population was investigated as the phenotypic value. [Results] Combined with the linkage map, a total of 4 QTLs were detected: qSST-1, qSST-3, qSST-5 and qSST-11, located in rice chromosomes 1, 3, 5 and 11, respectively. All positive alleles were from the parent Nanjing 46. Three QTLs among them were not included in chromosome intervals the same as cloned rice salt tolerance genes, and thus were described as new candidate gene loci associated with seeding-stage salt tolerance. [Conclusions] This study provides important information for further exploration and utilization of new salt tolerant QTLs in rice. It is of great significance for improving the utilization of saline land in China and ensuring the stable rice production.
基金supported by the Doctorate Fellowship Foundation of Nanjing Forestry University, China (163010550)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu High Education Institutions, China (PAPD)。
文摘We conducted an integrative system biology of metabolome and transcriptome profile analyses during pomegranate(Punica granatum L.) seed germination and utilized a weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA) to describe the functionality and complexity of the physiological and morphogenetic processes as well as gene expression and metabolic differences during seed germination stages. In total, 489 metabolites were detected, including 40 differentially accumulated metabolites. The transcriptomic analysis showed the expression of 6 984 genes changed significantly throughout the whole germination process. Using WGCNA, we identified modules related to the various seed germination stages and hub genes. In the initial imbibition stage(stage 1), the pivotal genes involved in RNA transduction and the glycolytic pathway were most active, while in the sprouting stage(stage 4), the pivotal genes were involved in multiple metabolic pathways. In terms of secondary metabolic pathways, we found flavonoid 4-reductase genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway are most significantly affected during pomegranate seed germination, while the flavonol synthase gene was mainly involved in the regulation of isoflavonoid biosynthesis.
文摘为解析大豆R6期籽粒氨基酸含量的遗传机制,本研究利用264份大豆种质资源材料在2020年和2021年测定了与菜用大豆食味品质相关的精氨酸、丙氨酸、谷氨酸和天冬氨酸含量,并进行全基因组关联分析(GWAS)。结果表明,2年共检测到89个与大豆R6期籽粒4种氨基酸含量显著关联的SNP位点,其中有5个标记能同时被2年或2个性状重复检测到,分别为S03_40647948(Chr.3)、S05_2727464(Chr.5)、S10_4122977(Chr.10)、S17_34559022(Chr.17)和S19_48541685(Chr.19),单个位点可以解释11.25%~28.19%的表型变异解,其中Chr.17上的标记S17_34559022在2020年和2021年被共同检测到与谷氨酸含量显著关联,属稳定遗传的位点。共挖掘出9个候选基因,其中ZIP蛋白(zinc finger family protein)、转录因子bHLH(bHLH DNA-binding superfamily protein)、生长素反应蛋白家族(auxin-responsive protein family)和天冬氨酸蛋白酶家族蛋白(aspartyl protease family protein),可能是影响菜用大豆氨基酸代谢的重要基因。本研究挖掘到的5个氨基酸含量主效SNP位点和9个候选基因,有助于解析大豆R6期籽粒氨基酸含量的遗传基础及其调控机制,为菜用大豆食味品质遗传改良奠定了基础。
基金The Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Guangdong Province under contract No.U0733006973the National Basic Research Priorities Programme under contract No. 2001CB409704
文摘The abundance and temporal patterns of viable diatom resting stage cells in sediments of the East China Sea in 2006 have been investigated.The abundance of viable resting stages was enumerated with the most probable number（MPN） technique.Overall,25 diatom species（including varieties） belonging to 16 genera were detected.Viable resting stage cells were common,on the order of 103 to 106 cells/g dry mass.The abundant taxa included Skeletonema marina,S.dohrnii,Chaetoceros curvisetus and Thalassiosira spp.,with Skeletonema accounting for 83.3% of the cell.The effects of temperature（10,15,20,25 ℃）,salinity（20,25,30,35 psu） and light intensity（0,300,4 000,8 000 lux） on the germination of resting stages in sediment samples were also determined.The results showed that light intensity had a significant positive effect on the germination of diatom resting stage cells（p 〈0.01） and that diatoms could not germinate in darkness.Temperature and salinity had no noticeable effects on the germination.The present study suggests that there are abundant diatom resting cells in sediments of the East China Sea,which could serve as a ＂seed bank＂ in the phytoplankton population succession and contribute to the initiation of algal blooms.
基金financial support provided by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0702100)the Special Funds for the Construction of Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System (CARS-13)
文摘China is one of the major rapeseed production countries in the world,but harvesting mechanization was still backward,and high harvest loss was a key inhibiting factor for rapeseed production.To obtain optimum harvesting date for winter rape in the Yangtze River Valley of China,artificial simulated combine harvesting and artificial two-stage harvesting were adopted to find correlations between harvesting date,rape variety,seed oil content,protein content,grain moisture rate,rapeseed straw moisture content,rapeseed unthreshing rate,grain drop loss rate,thousand seeds weight(TSW),and harvesting economic coefficient(HEC).Analysis of variance showed that rapeseed oil content,protein content and TSW were correlated with rape variety;HEC was correlated with harvesting method and rape variety.Rape variety was the dominant factor of rapeseed oil content,protein content,TSW and HEC.Grain moisture rate,un-threshing rate,grain drop loss rate and straw moisture content were correlated with harvesting method and date.Harvesting date was the dominant factor of rapeseed moisture rate,un-threshing rate,grain drop loss rate and straw moisture rate.Single factor tests further proved that harvesting date had less impact on rapeseed oil content,protein content,TSW and HEC.It showed little correlation with rapeseed quality except grain moisture rate.The optimum harvesting date could be known by change in straw moisture content.The combined harvesting should be carried out during the grain moisture content of 15%-20%with TSW stabilized in the highest level.The twostage harvesting cutting should be carried out at the grain moisture content of 35%-40%.This research offered a reference to harvesting method and date for rape cultivated in the Yangtze River Valley.
