Seed yeast cultivation for salad oil manufacturing wastewater treatment

The mixture of five yeast strains obtained from soil could remove about 85% TOC of oil rich wastewater in batch test. While the highest MLSS was obtained at an N∶C of 1∶5, the oil removal decreased with the increase of N∶C during yeast sludge cultivation. Ammonium chloride was the best nitrogen source for yeast cultivation from the viewpoint of yeast growth and oil utilization. An ammonia concentration of over 1300 mg/L led to mass death of yeast at a pH of 5. The ammonia concentration should be controlled at a level of 1000 mg/L or lower.

Study on Seedling Techniques of Artocarpus nanchuanensis

[Objective] This study aimed to solve the problems of low seed germina- tion rate and difficult bareroot seedling transplanting in artificial cultivation of Arto- carpus nanchuanensis, a native species in China. [Method] Under different seed treatment and seedling style, the seed germination rate and seedling emergence rate of A. nanchuanensis were investigated. [Result] tn both sand bed and direct sowing yellow soil, the seed germination rate, seedling survival rate and seedling emergence rate in the treatment II were all higher than those in the treatments I and III. The average seed germination rate, seedling survival rate and seedling emergence rate in sand beds were 1.5%, 16.27% and 13.95%, respectively higher than those in direct sowing yellow soil. The average seedling emergence rate in sand beds was 2.46% higher than that in containers. Among the 8 kinds of light matrix formulas, the growth of seedlings in the formula VIII was best. In the three treatment groups, the seedling emergence rates, seedling heights and ground diame- ters in the formula VIII were all significantly different from those in the other formu- las. The seedling growth in the formula I and III ranked second, while the seedling emergence rate, seedling height and ground diameter in the formula VII were the poorest. [Conclusion] If conditions allow, the formulas I （meadow soil：vermiculite：yel- low soi1=5：3：2）, III （meadow soil：perlite：yellow soi1=5：3：2） and VIII （peat：forest top soi1=6：4） should be promoted in seedling with light matrixes.

Effect of different pre-sowing treatments on seed germination percentage and growth performance of Acacia auriculiformis

Seed morphology,germination and seedlings growth of Acacia auriculiformis were studied.The experiment was conducted in the nursery of Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline,Khulna University,Bangladesh.Matured seeds of the species were collected from healthy trees of road side plantation from different areas of Khulna District,Bangladesh and treated with five pre-sowing treatments（control,immersion in cold water,immersion in hot water,scarification with sand paper and immersion in concentrated H2SO4）.The average length,breadth and thickness were found to be（0.58±0.017） cm,（0.44±0.007） cm and（0.20±0.089） cm,respectively.Germination was conducted in polybags with a mixture of top soil,coconut husk,coarse sand,and fine sand in a ratio of 3：4：1：1.Results reveal that pre-sowing treatments influences the germination rates of seeds that significantly increase the percentage germination compared with those in control（43%） and cold water treatment（52%）.The highest germination success rate was found 83% in hot water treatment followed by 78% in scarification with sand paper,and 75% with immersion in H2SO4.Germination started from 7 to 12 days and completed between 28 and 35 days period in all treatments.ANOVA showed the significant difference（p0.05） among the treatments in seed germination,but no significant difference among treatment with regard to starting day,closing day and total germination period.In case of height and diameter growth,seedlings originated from the seeds with hot water treatment shows significantly higher in wet season（from May to July）.Hot water treatment can be recommended on seed germination of the species in rural Bangladesh.

Effect of electrostatic field on seed germination and seedling growth of Sorbus pohuashanesis

A study was conducted to determine the effects of electrostatic field （ESF） treatment on seed germination and seedling growth of Sorbus pohuashanesis. The experiments were arranged by uniform design computed by the Data Processing System （DPS）, including three levels of seeds soaking time, four levels of ESF intensity and four levels of ESF treatment time, with 12 treatments. Ten seeds were used in each treatment with three replicates. Seed vigor, seed germinating ability, emergence rate of seedling, survival rate of seedling, and seedling height and diameter, as well as the change in activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, soluble protein contents, total chlorophyll contents, soluble total sugar contents in leaves of S. pohuashanensis seedlings were measured after ESF treatments. The experiment results show that ESF treatment could improve the water absorption ability of dry seeds of S. pohuashanensis, resulting in fast germination at room temperature under light conditions. Combined treatment of ESF with cold stratification could increase seed germination percentage significantly （to 42.20%）, promote seedling height growth, affect leaf SOD activity, and could raise contents of total chlorophyll, soluble protein, and total soluble sugar in leaves. Seed soaking time had a significant effect on seed relative electroconductivity, seed germination under light, SOD activity, soluble protein content and total soluble sugar content of seedling leaves. ESF intensity exerted a moderate effect on these indexes. ESF treatment time only had significant effect on total chlorophyll contents, no evident effect on other indexes.

轻简化栽培稻田杂草发生趋势与防控技术

随着水稻轻简化栽培技术的应用与推广,东北稻区、西北稻区、长江流域稻区和华南稻区等水稻主产区的杂草种群演替加快,稗草、千金子和马唐等恶性杂草频繁发生,杂草抗药性水平上升迅速。若杂草防控不及时、不彻底,极易对水稻生产构成严重威胁。为此,对水稻直播、机插和抛秧等轻简化栽培稻田杂草的草相特征、发展趋势和防除方法等进行了概述,以期为制定合理、高效的轻简化栽培稻田杂草综合防控技术、水稻用农药减量增效除草方案,延缓杂草抗药性产生与发展提供借鉴。

道地中药材金果榄种子育苗技术

以金果榄(Tinosporae Radix)基原植物青牛胆[Tinospora sagittata(Oliv.)Gagnep.]实生种子进行大棚育苗,并检测一、二年生金果榄种苗的农艺性状及二年生金果榄种苗干燥块根的古伦宾含量。对一年生金果榄种苗喷施MS营养液,检测其农艺性状并分析各性状之间的相关性。结果表明,金果榄种苗株高、主根长、块根随种植时间呈增长趋势,二年生苗叶片数在6—7月无明显增加;种苗叶形指数、块根形指数分别在5月龄、17月龄后无明显变化;二年生金果榄种苗干燥块根EP理论塔板数均>5 000、古伦宾含量均>2%,水分含量均<13.0%,符合药典规定。MS营养液处理促进了一年生金果榄种苗株高增长、叶片数增加和块根的形成,种苗株高、叶宽、茎粗与地下块根鲜重呈显著正相关,块根鲜重与块根纵径、块根横径、块根形指数呈显著正相关,块根横径、块根纵径、块根形指数之间均呈极显著正相关。叶形指数与叶长、叶宽之间无相关关系,而块根形指数与块根纵、横径之间呈正相关。

稻茬田不同模式蚕豆栽培技术研究

为探索稻茬田蚕豆高效栽培模式,在稻茬田中开展蚕豆4种不同栽培模式试验研究,对不同模式蚕豆主要性状及经济效益进行分析。试验结果表明,以浸种催芽后,对露白萌动期的蚕豆种子进行春化处理后直播为最宜。该模式比轮作直播蚕豆667 m^(2)增效1600.8元,比轮作小麦增效1734.8元。晚稻—蚕豆种子春化模式不仅可提高种粮农户的经济收入,还能有效缓解作物的连作障碍,减轻稻田杂草稻的发生,提升土壤肥力等。

Different Understory Cultivation Techniques of Paris polyphylla Smith

This study was conducted for the purposes of reducing consumption of wild resources of Paris polyphylla Smith, satisfying the market demand, saving the production cost, improving utilization rate of forest land, increasing income of foresters and protecting ecological environment. Three types of fores{ land, i.e., the evergreen forest land （China fir forest）, deciduous forest land （walnut forest） and shrub land （honey suckle forest.） were selected, and seeds and cut rhizomes of Paris polyphylla Smith produced in Bamian Mountain, Hunan, were used in the study on understory seedling raising and cultivation techniques. The results showed that： when using different propagation materials, seed propagation could be adopted to reduce the consumption of wild resources and provide a large number of seedlings, and was beneficial to large-scale planting; and when conducing seedling and plantlet raising followed by transplanting and direct seeding and planting using different propagation materials in large-scale understory cultivation, direct seeding/ planting was appropriate for saving save production cost with the advantage of early production. Among the 3 different types of forest land, the best choice was broad- leaved forest land, which could achieve better economic benefit because of con- forming with the ecological habit and growth and development law of Paris poly- phylla Smith.

‘辽冠8’文冠果嫁接苗繁育技术

‘辽冠8’文冠果树体生长势强、抗逆性强、高产稳产,2020年被辽宁省林木良种审定委员会认定为林木良种,2021年被国家林草局授予植物新品种权,适宜在辽西北地区栽培推广。文冠果良种嫁接苗繁育,可保持良种的生物学特性和果实的经济性状,嫁接成活率高,生长快,结果早。结合生产育苗总结出‘辽冠8’文冠果嫁接苗繁育技术,旨在提高文冠果良种使用率。

山乌桕种子轻基质网袋育苗技术研究

为了探讨山乌桕种子轻基质网袋最佳育苗方法,对山乌桕种子进行播前预处理和不同基质对比试验,结果表明:碳酸钠可有效去除种子表层蜡质,提高种子发芽率,浸泡种子的温度和时间对种子萌发影响不大;不同基质种类配比对山乌桕苗木的生长影响显著,其中3黄心土∶2稻谷壳的基质利于苗木各指标的生长发育;播种深度因影响苗木生长的土壤温度值及种子的萌芽力而进一步影响了苗木的生长,以1.5 cm的播种深度最佳;微生物菌剂在苗木生长过程通过叶面喷洒的形式可以提高根系活力、促进根系发育,以1000 mgL^(-1)的浓度最佳。

自动化辣椒穴盘育苗装置

本研究设计了一种自动化辣椒穴盘育苗装置,旨在提高辣椒育苗的效率和精准度。装置通过自动化的填土、压土、播种等操作,并配备多重检测装置和视觉检测装置,实现对育苗全过程的智能化管理。通过智能控制系统,用户可以方便地操作和监测育苗环境参数,提高育苗的效率和质量。本论文详细介绍了装置的结构、工作原理、关键技术,并展示了实验结果和性能评估,讨论了该装置在农业现代化生产中的应用前景。

Key Techniques of Stereoscopic and Efficient Cultivation of Strawberry in Southern Xinjiang

Strawberry is rich in nutrition,which is the only fresh fruit in winter in southern Xinjiang,with good prospect of stereoscopic cultivation.In this paper,the key techniques such as stereoscopic cultivation pattern,the combination of different modes,the substrate of strawberry cultivation,the drip irrigation system,the formula of nutrient solution,the selection of varieties,the propagation of seed and seedling,the induction of flower buds,the planting and management of plants,and the green control of diseases and insect pests are introduced,and greenhouse space and solar energy are fully used to maximize the economic and social benefits of strawberry farming combined with tourism.The results will further promote the quality and efficiency of strawberry industry in southern Xinjiang,and provide a reference for strawberry growers.

不同温度和化学试剂对广西莪术种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

研究不同温度和化学试剂对广西莪术种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,为广西莪术实生苗繁育提供科学依据。以广西莪术种子为材料,设置不同温度条件,用不同浓度的赤霉素(GA_(3))、生长素(IAA)、水杨酸(SA)、褪黑素(MT)、脱落酸(ABA)浸种处理后进行发芽试验,测定发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、胚根长、胚芽长及幼苗鲜重,分析不同温度和化学试剂对广西莪术种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,广西莪术种子萌发适宜温度为20~30℃,其中25℃是广西莪术种子萌发最佳温度,播种后第5天开始发芽,发芽率为28%;50、100mg/L GA和50 mg/L IAA能显著促进种子萌发和幼苗生长,发芽率提高至32%~33%,其他试剂(浓度)处理没有促进反而抑制广西莪术种子萌发和幼苗生长。研究结果可为广西莪术繁殖育苗提供技术支持。

两种水稻种子处理悬浮剂对旱直播水稻生长的影响

为了探究水稻种子处理悬浮剂(FS)对旱直播水稻生长的影响,本研究采用11%的氟唑环菌胺·咯菌腈·精甲霜灵FS和18%的噻虫胺FS对三系籼型杂交稻广8优1973进行包衣,通过标准发芽试验、Q2测定、田间农艺性状调查、考种及测产,比较研究了两种FS在旱直播条件下对种子活力、水稻田间农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明:在实验室条件下,采用11%氟唑环菌胺·咯菌腈·精甲霜灵FS和18%噻虫胺FS以药浆体积与种子质量比(药种比)为1:50的比例(即1 mL药剂处理50 g种子)将药剂稀释后进行拌种,处理后的标准发芽势、发芽率及萌发启动时间(IMT)均与对照无显著差异,但其理论萌发时间(RGT)相较于空白对照(CK)显著缩短,且氧气消耗速率(OMR)相较于CK每小时分别提高了1.33%和1.38%,呈显著性差异,说明经过FS处理的种子可以促进水稻种子呼吸,能够有效提升水稻种子活力,其中经过18%噻虫胺FS处理的水稻种子IMT、RGT及OMR值的表现均优于11%氟唑环菌胺·咯菌腈·精甲霜灵FS处理;在旱直播条件下,水稻种子按药种比1:50经过两种FS处理后,其田间表现均优于CK,其中:成秧率提升27.60%~33.20%,80 d时水稻基蘖数每公顷增加71.14~97.82万个,株高增高4.90~6.80 cm,千粒重增加7.27%~9.09%,有效穗数每公顷增加9.45~13.42万穗,单位面积产量分别提高了529.85 kg/hm^(2)和580.70 kg/hm^(2),且均具有显著性差异。本研究结果表明:采用11%氟唑环菌胺•咯菌腈•精甲霜灵FS和18%噻虫胺FS按药种比1:50对水稻种子进行包衣能够有效促进水稻种子呼吸,提升旱直播水稻在田间的表现和产量。

芜菁子挥发油提取物抑菌条件研究

本文通过水蒸气蒸馏法制得芜菁子挥发油提取物,选取鲜切果蔬中常见病原菌单核细胞增生李斯特菌作为供试菌,用芜菁子挥发油提取物在室温25℃条件下对单核细胞增生李斯特菌进行短时间挥发接触抑菌处理后,模拟鲜切果蔬的低温储藏温度、pH值环境进行单核细胞增生李斯特菌培养。以最小抑菌浓度为考察指标,开展单因素试验,并应用培养温度、处理时间、培养基pH值3因素3水平正交试验优化抑菌处理条件。结果表明:在培养温度10℃、处理时间25 min、培养基pH值5的条件下,芜菁子挥发油提取物对单核细胞增生李斯特菌的最小抑菌浓度为0.0056%,且抑菌空间内感官评价为极轻微异味、不刺鼻、不刺眼,比常规试验的最小抑菌浓度降低了65.85%,抑菌效果得到提升,抑菌空间内的异味减少。该抑菌处理条件稳定、合理、可行,可为芜菁子挥发油提取物的综合利用提供参考。

水稻育秧机械的研究和进展

在水稻生产环节中,育秧流程一直是制约水稻生产效益提高和水稻生产机械化快速发展的瓶颈之一。我国水稻种植面积稳定维持在30万km 2以上,虽有旱直播和育秧移栽两种模式,但育秧移栽仍在水稻种植中占主导地位,机械化高效育秧始终是重中之重。育秧质量直接影响插秧质量,优质的育秧不仅能够提升水稻产量,而且可以降低人工在水稻生产中的劳动强度。为此,介绍了近年来国内育秧常用的排种装置的种类和相应水稻育秧设备,并综述了国内水稻工厂化育秧方法和自走式育秧机的研究进展。

两种旱生灌木种子萌发与幼苗复活对模拟干湿处理的响应

降水稀少、不可预测及其所带来的干湿变化深刻影响着旱区植物种子萌发和幼苗定居过程。柠条和花棒是腾格里沙漠常见的并广泛用于沙漠化治理的两种典型旱生灌木,本研究采用室内模拟干湿处理的方法对比分析了两者种子萌发率和幼苗复活的响应。结果表明,与CK相比,湿润-干旱处理显著提高了柠条种子的萌发率(P<0.05),而对花棒种子的萌发率无显著影响,同时显著提高了柠条种子第1天的萌发率(27.99%,P<0.05)和花棒种子第2天的萌发率(46.88%,P<0.05)。干旱复水处理的花棒早期幼苗平均复活率高于柠条。根长为0~0.2cm的柠条和花棒早期幼苗遭受45 d干旱后都可复活。根长为0.5~1.0 cm的柠条和花棒早期幼苗的干旱不归点分别是21和45 d;根长为1.0~1.5 cm时不归点分别是7和14 d。总体而言,干湿处理有利于种子萌发,但是随幼苗生长,对干旱的耐受程度也随之降低;相对而言,花棒对持续干旱的适应性要强于柠条。在长期气候变化背景下,建议研究区人工固沙植被可以更多选择花棒一类的灌木,从而提高固沙植被的相对稳定性。

不同栽培方式对鳗草实生苗建成和生理的影响

在15℃条件下,研究了3种栽培方式(水培促萌+萌中插植、水培促萌+萌后插植以及基质栽培)对鳗草(Zosteramarina)种子萌发、实生苗建成与生长的影响,分析了鳗草实生苗的培育成本及其应对不同栽培方式的生理响应。结果显示,水培促萌+萌中插植、水培促萌+萌后插植的鳗草种子萌发率和实生苗建成率无显著差异(P>0.05),平均达到54.8%和46.5%,分别是基质栽培处理组的1.3和1.6倍(P<0.05)。水培促萌+萌中插植、水培促萌+萌后插植的鳗草实生苗的各项生长指标亦无显著差异(P>0.05),其平均值均显著高于基质栽培处理组(P<0.05),特别是根生成速率平均达到基质促萌处理组的1.6倍。主成分分析显示,水培促萌+基质插植的鳗草实生苗生理状态较优,其中,总氮和可溶性糖含量的贡献度较大,贡献度平均分别达到16.6%和15.0%,是基质栽培处理组的1.2倍(P<0.05)。培育成本分析显示,水培促萌+萌后插植栽培方式的培育成本最低(3.6元/株),是水培促萌+萌中插植栽培方式的81.9%。综合实生苗培育效果和培育成本,水培促萌+萌后插植的栽培方式是适宜的鳗草实生苗栽培方式,其主要通过提升实生苗非结构性碳水化合物的形成和提高光合色素含量,实现对实生苗建成与生长的促进作用。

丸粒化处理对低氧胁迫下水稻种子萌发、幼苗形态和淀粉酶活性的影响

为研究不同有效成分的丸粒化水稻种子在低氧环境下的萌发和幼苗形态建成情况,以正常萌发环境作为对照,在水淹环境下,采用不添加有效成分和分别添加有效成分ABT3、调环酸钙和CaO_(2) 4种丸粒化处理的水稻种子,观察并测定两种环境下萌发种子的发芽率、幼苗形态和种子淀粉酶的活性。结果表明:低氧胁迫环境下,水稻种子萌发受到抑制,通过有效成分丸粒化处理得到缓解,其发芽率均在60%以上,平均高于裸种对照18.9%;促进幼苗株高、胚芽鞘和中胚轴的伸长,与裸种对照相比,幼苗的株高增幅45.8%,幼苗的胚芽鞘长度增幅为25.8%,幼苗的中胚轴长度增幅为18.8%;与裸种对照相比,含有效成分的丸粒化水稻种子淀粉酶活性显著提高。本试验中有效成分丸粒化的处理有效地缓解低氧胁迫对水稻种子萌发的抑制作用,提高淀粉酶活性,促进幼苗中胚轴和胚芽鞘的伸长,使得幼苗尽快伸出水面,脱离低氧环境,从而有效促进种子的萌发。

不同处理方法对滇黄精出苗的影响

为研究滇黄精果实及种子不同处理方法对出苗的影响,本试验对果实进行不同贮藏和去果皮处理,对种子进行不同贮藏、激素和消毒处理,观测各处理种子出苗率,通过统计分析筛选处理方法。结果表明,室内摊开堆捂果实的方法,以及手搓洗砂藏10 d再混砂搓揉去除残留果皮的方法均显著提高了种子出苗率(达90%以上);种子采用砂藏层积处理方法出苗率最高达88.7%,较室内干藏处理高27.4%;同时,采用乙烯利和赤·吲乙·芸苔的激素处理均可缩短种胚完成后熟的时间,浓度为200 mg/L的赤·吲乙·芸苔处理出苗时间最短,播种后68 d可出苗。滇黄精果实及种子的不同处理方法对出苗存在显著差异。果实堆捂和去除果皮方法均影响种子质量,间接影响出苗率,合理的果实处理方法是提高出苗率的前提保障。砂藏层积处理是促进种子胚形态后熟的主要方法,采用激素处理可显著缩短出苗时间,但消毒处理对种子出苗影响不显著。