Effect of thinning intensity on tree growth and temporal variation of seed and cone production in a Pinus koraiensis plantation

Thinning of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.) is used to facilitate timber and cone production. The present study in Northeast China investigated the effects of thinning intensity on individual tree growth, temporal variation in cone yield, and seed quality in Korean pine plantation. In 2005, five thinning intensity levels (none, extreme, heavy, moderate and light) were set in 15 permanent plots in a 32-year-old Korean pine plantation at Mengjiagang Forest Farm, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province. We recorded tree growth and seed cone production from 2013 to 2016, i.e., from 8 to 11 years after thinning. Except for height growth, thinning increased tree growth (diameter at breast height and crown size) and improved cone yield. The extreme thinning treatment (to 300 trees per hectare) resulted in the largest tree diameter, tree volume, crown size and 4-year cone production per tree. The highest cone yield per tree in the mast year (2014) was observed when stands were thinned to 500 trees per hectare (heavy thinning). Although the best cone and seed quality and the largest cone and seed mass per tree were recorded in the heavily thinned stand, no significant differences were found between heavy and moderate thinning stands (750 trees per hectare). At the stand level, the moderately thinned stand had the highest basal area, stock volume and seed cone production per stand. Our results suggest that thinning to 750 trees per hectare will improve timber and cone productivity in 40-year-old P. koraiensis stands.

Variations in seed size and seed mass related to tree growth over 5 years for 23 provenances of Quercus acutissima from across China

The origin of a seed strongly impacts its traits, and both origin and seed traits influence seed germination and seedling development. However, in many instances, this effect on the seedling does not persist into adulthood, and little is known about how seed traits and original environment affect seedling/tree growth over time. In this study, seed size, seed mass, seedling/tree growth and origins were collected and determined for 23 provenances of Quercus acutissima from across China. Origin variables correlated well with seed size and seed mass. In stepwise multiple regressions, a longitudinal aridity index explained 49.2-68.7% of the total variation in seed size and mass, while only seed width was correlated with seedling/tree height (H) and diameter at the ground (D) from seed traits and origins. The total variance in H and D explained by the models decreased over time, for example, the R 2 value of the models for H declined from 0.477 in the first year to 0.224 in the fourth year; no models was significant in the fifth year. These results indicate that seed size, regulated by the longitudinal aridity index strongly impacted seedling and tree growth, but the strength of the influence decreased over time, and disappeared after 4 years.

Soil Seed Bank Characteristics in Congolese Rainforests and Implications for Post-Logging Plots Reforestation

The soil seed bank is considered as an important mechanism for the natural regeneration, resilience and conservation of the forests after disturbances. This study evaluates the characteristics of the soil seed bank in two post-logging plots of Loundoungou-Toukoulaka Forest Management Unit: one plot exploited in 2008 and another exploited in 2021. In each study plot, 40 samples were collected per soil layer (0 - 5 cm, 5 - 10 cm, 10 - 15 cm, 15 - 20 cm and 20 - 25 cm depth). The species diversity and abundance of the soil seed bank were estimated after soil samples were brought to germination. The results demonstrated that 347 seedlings belonging to 37 species in the plot exploited in 2008 and 418 seedlings belonging to 27 species in that exploited in 2021 germinated during 20 weeks of monitoring. The total densities of the seedlings identified were respectively 1446 seedlings/m2 and 1742 seedlings/m2. The plot exploited in 2021 presented a higher proportion of herbaceous species (93.78%) compared to that exploited in 2008 (82.71%). Two pioneer species were recorded in the plot exploited in 2008. These are Macaranga barteri (0.29%) in the 0 - 5 cm layer and Musanga cecropioides (2.31%) up to 20 cm deep. On the other hand, in the plot exploited in 2021, Macaranga spinosa (0.96%) in the 0 - 5 cm layer and M. cecropioides (0.96%) up to 20 cm deep were identified. In the plot exploited in 2008, the 20 - 25 cm layer demonstrated important proportions in woody species (9%), these are in particular Rubiaceae sp.4 and Nauclea diderrichii. While that exploited in 2021, presented 19% of woody species, namely the species of Rubiaceae sp.4, Rubiaceae sp.5 and N. diderrichii, greatly exceeding the proportions obtained in the 15 - 20 cm layer of the two plots. Nonetheless, N. diderrichii was the only commercial species recorded with densities of 108 seedlings/m2 and 4 seedlings/m2, respectively in the plot exploited in 2008 and that exploited in 2021. Commercial tree species are poorly represented in the soil seed bank. Consequently, the study suggests that to improve the natural regeneration of the commercial species, silvicultural interventions based on planting techniques in the exploited plots should be more effective in order to sustainably manage these production forests.

檀香紫檀优树及其嫁接无性系间种子形态和萌发特征变异

檀香紫檀是世界上最为名贵的红木树种之一,其在我国的规模发展受制于种子生产。最近中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所利用优树材料在海南岛尖峰岭营建了檀香紫檀嫁接无性系采种园,目前已开花结实,其种子品质及其与优树间差异尚待研究。以海南岛尖峰岭中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所试验站引种园檀香紫檀6株优树及其在采种园内的嫁接无性系为对象,采集种子测定其形态性状,并采用双层滤纸法开展种子萌发试验。结果表明:(1)无论是优树还是其嫁接无性系,其种子形态性状的变异系数远小于芽苗生长性状,种子千粒重的变异系数最小,说明其芽苗生长变异较种子形态变异更丰富;(2)檀香紫檀优树间种子长度差异显著(P<0.05),以7号优树为最大,嫁接无性系间种子长度、宽度和厚度均差异显著,其长度和宽度以9^(#)号无性系为最大,厚度以7^(#)号无性系为最大;(3)优树间和无性系间种子发芽率、发芽势差异显著,优树中发芽率和发芽势分别以3号和9号为最高,无性系则均以5^(#)号为最高,优树间上胚轴、下胚轴和胚根长度以及芽苗总长度均差异显著,均以3号优树为最大,无性系间胚根长度和芽苗总长度差异显著,均以7^(#)号无性系为最大,说明优树间和无性系间种子萌发和芽苗生长均存在丰富变异;(4)优树与其对应无性系间种子形态、萌发和芽苗生长性状差异显著性因基因型而异,整体而言,无性系的种子长度和宽度大于其对应优树,其种子发芽和芽苗生长表现优于其对应优树;(5)相关性分析表明,种子千粒重与发芽率极显著(P<0.01),种子越饱满,发芽率越高。总而言之,檀香紫檀采种园的种子在形态和萌发上整体优于引种园的优树;而且种子千粒重在优树间、嫁接无性系间以及优树与其对应无性系间均差异不显著(P≥0.05),采种园种子较为饱满,其总体均值接近100 g,超过早期散生嫁接植株(92.9 g)。研究结果为檀香紫檀良种选育、种子园营建和壮苗培育提供科学依据。

蔷薇科果树种子休眠特性及化学处理方法的研究进展

蔷薇科果树种子具有特有的休眠特性,种子在常规条件下萌发较困难,为通过杂交选育优良品种带来了很大局限性。本文较系统地综述了蔷薇科果树种子的结构特点、生理休眠和种皮因素限制种子萌发的特性,并重点阐述了利用化学药剂处理提高不同亚科种子萌发率的研究进展,旨在揭示其在种子萌发处理技术探究方面的共性和差异,为今后蔷薇科种子高效萌发技术研发提供线索依据。

新型无损检测技术对林木种子活力筛选及资源保护的应用

为提升林木种子资源质量,拯救濒危植物,提高苗木成活率和保存率,选育优良品种和保护资源多样性,围绕林木种子活力筛选展开研究。重点针对基于光学特性包括红外热成像、多光谱成像、近红外光谱等新兴光谱成像,以及基于非光学特性包括电子鼻、机器视觉等无损检测技术进行原理解析,阐述并分析不同检测技术的适用场景及优缺点。未来林木种子的新兴检测技术应面向林木资源种子的发展需求和应用场景,充分利用不同技术和算法的优势,朝着“多模态,跨尺度”方向发展,以期为中国林木资源的保护和利用提供技术支持。

基于分层叠加的机载LiDAR点云单木分割

【目的】提出一种基于分层叠加的单木分割算法,以充分利用高密度激光雷达点云信息,提高林分中下层单木分割精度。【方法】区别于传统将冠顶点作为聚类种子点的单木分割算法,基于分层叠加的单木分割算法以点云水平切片后各层的局部最大值为种子点进行分层聚类,并通过分层叠加与迭代优化,减少枝杈等因素导致的过分割现象,在保证上层树单木分割精度的同时提高对中下层单木的提取能力。【结果】基于分层叠加的单木分割算法在不同密度落叶松林分均有较高单木分割精度,提取单木与实测单木总体匹配成功率最高达94%,在中高密度林分匹配成功率最高达92%,相较其他算法,对中下层单木的匹配率可提高20%~40%;在单木树高提取精度方面,单木提取树高与实测树高相关系数为0.8,相对均方根误差为8.45%,提取冠幅与实测冠幅相关系数最高为0.83,相对均方根误差为16.5%。【结论】通过分层聚类、聚类种子点优化选取,充分利用林分各层次点云信息,可提高单木分割精度,为森林经营管理提供高精度数据支持。

树形调整对香榧树冠光照强度和种实品质的影响

【目的】研究不同树形调整对香榧Torreya grandis‘Merrillii’树冠光照强度和光合速率的影响,阐明不同骨干枝数目和开张角度处理下香榧种实中碳水化合物、油脂等变化规律,揭示树形调整对香榧种实品质的影响,为香榧树形培养、提质增效提供科学依据。【方法】设置不同骨干枝数目和骨干枝开张角度单因素和交互处理试验,测定树冠光照强度、叶片光合速率,分析可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白质量分数、含油率及脂肪酸组分变化。【结果】骨干枝开张角度调整对香榧树冠光照强度有显著影响。与对照相比,60°处理下5—9月香榧树冠中层和下层的光照强度显著增加(P<0.05),7月树冠中层光照强度最高达到40 klx,但80°开张角度则会降低树冠光照强度。同时,骨干枝数目和开张角度的交互处理下,5、7和9月香榧叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率均显著提高(P<0.05)。碳水化合物检测发现,3和4条骨干枝与60°开张角度(N3-A60°和N4-A60°)处理下香榧种实中可溶性糖和淀粉质量分数显著增加(P<0.05),5月香榧种实可溶性糖和淀粉质量分数分别达到609.05和576.63 mg·g^(−1)。树形调整也显著促进了香榧种实中可溶性蛋白和油脂的积累(P<0.05)。【结论】树形调整对香榧树冠光照强度、叶片光合能力和种实品质有明显的促进作用,其中以3和4条骨干枝与60°开张角度处理最佳。

‘凤丹’牡丹栽培及产业发展综述

该研究总结了影响‘凤丹’生长发育、产量的各项因素并结合阐述现阶段‘凤丹’综合开发利用的现状,揭示了‘凤丹’产业精细化发展所面临的主要挑战,以期对‘凤丹’以及整个牡丹产业的可持续发展提供参考依据。

珍稀濒危树种喙核桃种子发芽特性研究

为了解珍稀树种喙核桃种子的发芽特性,研究探讨了不同温度(25℃、30℃和室温)、不同光照条件(光照、黑暗各12 h和全黑暗)、不同浸种时间(3、7、11 d)、不同基质(沙土、黄土和肥土)、不同播种深度(0、1、3 cm)和不同基质含水量(50%和70%)对喙核桃种子发芽率的影响。结果表明:室温下喙核桃种子的发芽率(48.89%)高于25、30℃条件下喙核桃种子的发芽率(28.89%、15.89%);光照、黑暗各12 h条件下喙核桃种子发芽率为28.89%,全黑暗条件则抑制喙核桃种子的萌发;随着浸种时间的增加,发芽率呈先升后降趋势,浸种7 d时种子发芽率最高(13.33%);播种于黄土中的喙核桃种子发芽率最高,为24.44%;播种深度为0 cm的发芽率最高,为24.44%;基质含水量为50%时发芽率最高,为24.44%。综合分析认为,用纯净水对喙核桃种子浸泡7 d再播种于黄土表面,保持正常光照条件和适宜水分,可有效提高发芽率。

日本落叶松种子园和优树自由授粉家系选择与利用研究

在甘肃小陇山沙坝落叶松/云杉良种基地,采用完全随机区组试验设计,对25个种子园的自由授粉家系和30个优树自由授粉家系在日本落叶松采伐迹地进行了更新造林试验,应用SPSS16.0和ASReml v3.0对造林9年生数据进行了统计分析。结果表明:不论是种子园自由授粉家系还是优树自由授粉家系试验林,树高、胸径、材积等性状家系间具有丰富的遗传变异,家系不同性状间具有显著的相关性,表型变异系数和遗传变异系数最大的是材积。种子园自由授粉家系试验林树高、胸径、材积的家系遗传力和单株遗传力为0.492、0.680、0.694和0.093、0.162、0.171,优树自由授粉家系试验林树高、胸径、材积的家系遗传力和单株遗传力为0.560、0.544、0.496和0.128、0.109、0.096,家系性状遗传力大于单株遗传力,家系性状受到中等以上的遗传控制,家系选择潜力大。根据种子园自由授粉家系亲本育种值指导初级无性系种子园去劣疏伐、改建1.5代种子园。以材积为主要选择指标,兼顾胸径、树高,在家系择基础上配合单株选择,从种子园自由授粉家系和优树自由授粉家系各选择20个优良单株构建高阶生产群体,高阶生产群体的预期遗传增益和现实增益分别达到25.74%、22.85%和122.59%、154.22%。从种子园自由授粉家系选择的50个单株作为构建遗传改良群体的应用材料,将优树自由授粉家系选择的45个单株作为育种群体的补充材料,构建遗传品质不断提高和遗传基础不断拓展的改良群体应用材料。

日本落叶松无性系种子园和优树半同胞家系苗期比较

为缩短育种周期,降低田间试验规模,构建高阶遗传改良和繁育群体的应用材料。在沙坝国家落叶松(Larix gmelinii)、云杉(Larix asperata)良种基地,采用随机完全区组试验设计,对25个日本落叶松(Larix kaempferi(Lamb.)car.)无性系种子园和30个人工林优树自由授粉家系苗期的生长性状及遗传变异进行比较。同时以2年生苗高作为选择指标,对家系选择和家系内单株选择进行对比。结果表明:日本落叶松种子园自由授粉家系和人工林优树自由授粉家系的1年生及2年生苗的地径、苗高差异不显著,两者间2年生苗新梢生长量差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。人工林优树自由授粉家系比种子园自由授粉家系新梢生长量高3.27%。种子园自由授粉家系及人工林优树自由授粉家系1年生及2年生苗的生长性状均具有丰富的遗传变异,两者生长性状的表型变异系数均大于遗传变异系数。家系遗传力大于单株遗传力,家系选择潜力大。人工林优树自由授粉家系相比种子园自由授粉家系,其具有更加丰富的遗传变异。人工林优树自由授粉家系苗高的家系遗传力及单株遗传力分别为0.920及0.434,是种子园自由授粉家系的1.16及27.13倍。以2年生苗高为选择指标,苗高大于群体均值为家系入选标准,种子园及人工林优树自由授粉家系的入选率分别是52.00%及46.67%。家系选择时,种子园和人工林优树自由授粉家系苗高的遗传增益分别为6.46%及9.98%。在家系选择的基础上进行优良单株选择,单株入选率为8.00%及7.80%。单株选择时,苗高的遗传增益分别是1.42%及32.15%。在人工林优树自由授粉家系及家系内单株进行选择,其遗传增益分别是种子园自由授粉的1.54及22.64倍。日本落叶松种子园自由授粉家系和人工林优树自由授粉家系均具有丰富的遗传变异,人工林优树自由授粉家系生长性状的遗传变异比种子园自由授粉家系更为丰富,选择潜力更大。

不同授粉方式对油用型牡丹结实性影响的研究

为提高油用牡丹产量,探索油用牡丹理想授粉方式,选择结实性良好、生长势强且自然花期相遇的常见油用型牡丹品种,开展自交、人工授粉、自然授粉等不同方式的授粉试验,调查其坐果率、结实率、种子千粒重等结实情况和蓇葖果单角大小、质量等果荚干物质性状。结果表明,油用型牡丹存在一定自花结实性,自交处理Ⅰ没有结实,处理Ⅱ3个品种结实,处理Ⅲ全部结实,其中‘凤丹白’结实最好,为每个果角0.54粒;将参试的牡丹品种进行4×4人工定向安全双列杂交,所有组合全部结实,平均坐果率高达92%,单果角结实率达到3.87粒,结实率最高的组合为‘凤丹白×景泰蓝’,单果角结实率达到6.96粒;田间自然授粉均有结实,‘凤丹白'结实率最高,3.19粒/个;‘景泰蓝’和‘凤丹白’杂交的种子千粒重较高,达到436.89 g;蓇葖果果荚大小和质量与杂交母本关系较密切,以‘景泰蓝’为母本时表现突出;通过不同授粉方式所对应的坐果率、结实率和复果荚重等指标综合分析,从高到低依次为:人工授粉>自然授粉>自交,母本是影响杂交成功率和果荚性状的重要因素;油用牡丹生产中可通过品种合理搭配间植、相互授粉,如‘景泰蓝’和‘凤丹白’,获得更高种子产量。

9种台湾阔叶树种引种选择初步研究

由于人工林树种结构不尽合理,闽清美菰国有林场从台湾地区引进台湾光腊、山桐子、台湾黄檗、台湾栾树、山樱花、琼楠、雅楠、大叶楠、细叶榄仁等9种阔叶树种进行造林试验。采用层次分析法对引进树种10年生时的适应性、速生性、丰产性和形质性状等指标进行了评价,结果表明:台湾栾树、琼楠、细叶榄仁、大叶楠和雅楠等5种阔叶树种均有较强的适应性和较高的生产力,可在闽清县及周边山区造林应用。

Variability in cone,seed and seedling characteristics of Pinus kesiya Royle ex.Gordon

Investigations were made to determine the nature and extent of variations present for 10 morphological characters of cone,seed and seedlings of 17 plus trees（PTs）of Pinus kesiya growing in eastern Himalayas（Meghalaya state） of India.The significant variations has been observed in cone weight,cone length,cone diameter,seed length,seed diameter,seed weight,number of seeds per cone,seed germination,seedling height and seedling collar diameter among different PTs of the species.Significant positive correlation（p ／ 0.01） between seed weight,cone length and cone diameter showed that seed weight in P.kesiya depend more on the cone size.Seed germination is found positively correlated（p ／ 0.01） with seed weight,seed diameter,cone size and number of seeds per cone in the study.Among geographical factors,latitude and altitude are found positively correlated（p ／ 0.05） with cone weight and seed diameter,respectively.The genetic parameters for seed,cone and seedlings of PTs of P.kesiya also showed a wide range of variability in terms of variance,coefficient of variability,broad sense heritability,genetic advance and genetic gain.Seed weight,seeds per cone and seedling diameter showed high heritability values（[75） coupled with maximum genetic gain.Traits with such values indicate the presence of good amount of heritable additive components and are under strong genetic control.The findings of the study revealed that PTs expressed both phenotypic and genotypic differences in the seed,cone and seedling characters,which may be attributed to the differences in genetic makeup of various PTs and environmental factors i.e.genotypic and environmental interaction.The presence of high variability in P.kesiya PTs for different characters provide further opportunities to improve the population in subsequent generations so as to establish this species as an important timber tree to be grown on less fertile and degraded soils in its distributional ranges.

Lipase Catalyzed Synthesis of Medium-chain Biodiesel from Cinnamonum camphora Seed Oil

The non-edible camphor tree seed oil was extracted and catalyzed by immobilized lipase for biodiesel production. The oil yield from camphor tree seeds reached 35.2% of seed weight by twice microwave-assisted extractions. Gas chromatography showed that free fatty acid content in camphor tree seed oil was 1.88%, and the main fatty acids were capric acid(53.4%) and lauric acid(38.7%). With immobilized lipase Candida sp. 99–125as catalyst, several important factors for reaction conditions were examined through orthogonal experiments.The optimum conditions were obtained: water content and enzyme loading were both 15% with a molar ratio of 1:3.5(oil/ethanol), and the process of alcoholysis was in nine steps at 40 °C for 24 h, with agitation at170 r·min-1. As a result, the medium-chain biodiesel yield was 93.5%. The immobilized lipase was stable when it was used repeatedly for 210 h.

Ponderosa Pine Seed Source Test in Nebraska in the Central Great Plains of the United States

Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws) has been planted widely in the Great Plains for wind breaks. A 1968 study recommended using material from south-central South Dakota and north-central Nebraska. A second test to further delineate seed sources (families) from numerous collection sites in this region was established in 1986. This paper reports results for survival, height, diameter, and D2H (diameter squared X height) measurements at 15 years. Results identify a wide range of suitable families within the region. A majority of the tested sources performed well, thus verifying the original recommendations.

Attributes of Naturally Fallen (Rained) <i>Melaleuca quinquenervia</i>Seeds in Two Habitat Types of South Florida Wetlands

Melaleuca quinquenervia is an Australian tree that has successfully invaded many habitats in Florida. It maintains an aerial seed bank in serotinous capsular fruits held in the tree canopies. These fruits open gradually and shed seeds that fall (rain) throughout the year. Comparative attributes (quantities and qualities) of these fallen seeds from different habitats and tree size categories are unknown. We documented these attributes of fallen M. quinquenervia seeds for 12 months among three tree size categories from each of the two hydrologically delineated habitat types. Quantities (8961 seeds m2&middot;mo-1) and the viability (8.8%) and germinability (8.4%) of fallen melaleuca seeds in the occasionally inundated habitat were significantly higher (P = 0.05) than the quantities (6716 seeds m2&middot;mo-1), and viability (5.6%) and germinability (5.3%) of melaleuca seeds in the permanently inundated habitat. Although relatively more seeds rained from larger trees, higher quality seeds were rained from the trees of smaller dimensions. Smaller trees typically inhabit at the edges of melaleuca stands and hence they may increase the potential for further spread of seeds into the adjacent areas.

Photoperiod and Nitrogen Supply Limit the Scope of Northward Migration and Seed Transfer of Black Spruce in a Future Climate Associated with Doubled Atmospheric CO2 Concentration

The predicated changes in precipitation and temperature associated with the continued elevation of atmospheric CO2 concentration will trigger the northward shift of the Climate Envelopes for 130 North America tree species by as much as 10 degrees. However, climate envelope models do not take into account changes in other factors that may also influence the survival and growth of plants at the predicted new locations, such as photoperiod and nutrient regimes. This study investigated how photoperiod and nitrogen supply would affect the ecophysiological traits of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill) B. S. P.) that are critical for survival and growth at new locations predicted by climate envelope models. We exposed black spruce seedlings to the photoperiod regime at the seed origin (PS) and that 10° north of the seed origin (PNM) as predicted by climate envelope models under the current and doubled atmospheric CO2 concentration and different levels of N supply (30 vs. 300 μmol·mol-1 N). We found that the PNM and the 30 μmol·mol-1 N supply both had negative impact on the development of seedling cold hardiness in the fall, and led to earlier burst of the terminal bud and greater rate of mortality in the following growing season. While the PNM stimulated seedling growth in the first growing season, the effect was not sustained in the second growing season. Our results suggest that the photoperiod regimes and poor nutrient conditions at higher latitudes will likely constrain the scope of the northward migration or seed transfer of black spruce.

邻苯二甲酸对橡胶树RRIM600种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

根系分泌物是植物自毒物质的重要来源之一,研究表明邻苯二甲酸是一种公认的自毒物质,也是橡胶树根系分泌物中含量较高的物质之一。为探究邻苯二甲酸对橡胶树自身是否具有自毒作用,考察不同浓度(0.05、0.50、1.00、2.00 mmol/L)邻苯二甲酸溶液对橡胶树RRIM600种子萌发、幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:(1)不同浓度邻苯二甲酸均推迟橡胶树种子的初始萌发时间,对种子发芽率、发芽速率和萌发整齐度均存在抑制作用,且浓度越高抑制作用越强,与对照相比,2.00 mmol/L邻苯二甲酸处理的发芽率、发芽指数、发芽速率、发芽势分别下降了23.60%、42.75%、37.18%、58.69%。(2)不同浓度邻苯二甲酸均抑制橡胶树芽长、芽粗、根粗的生长,减少了幼苗生物量的积累;在0.05~2.00 mmol/L浓度范围内,芽长、芽粗、根粗、芽重和根重分别下降了12.91%~40.70%、 20.05%~21.59%、 7.89%~34.13%、16.18%~26.47%、20.00%~36.00%。(3)随邻苯二甲酸浓度增加,橡胶树幼苗细胞膜脂过氧化程度逐渐加重,丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)含量逐渐增加;游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量也逐渐增加。(4)橡胶树幼苗色素含量和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性随邻苯二甲酸浓度增加呈现先增加后减少的趋势,而超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性随邻苯二甲酸浓度增加而逐渐减少;0.05mmol/L的邻苯二甲酸促进幼苗叶绿素b的积累,降低了叶绿素a含量,并提高CAT活性,降低了POD和SOD活性;当浓度达到0.50 mmol/L时,叶绿素a、叶绿素总量和类胡萝卜素含量积累至最大,POD和SOD活性持续下降;在2.00mmol/L时,所有色素含量和3种抗氧化酶活性均降至最低。综上,邻苯二甲酸推迟了橡胶树RRIM600种子初始萌发时间,降低种子萌发率和萌发速率,导致橡胶树幼苗生理功能紊乱,并抑制生长发育。该研究结果可为客观评价邻苯二甲酸对橡胶树自毒作用提供基础数据支撑。