Reactions of Maruca Resistant Transgenic Cowpea to Cowpea Aphid-Borne Mosaic Virus

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. [Walp.]) in one of the main grain legumes contributing to food security and poverty alleviation in Sub-Saharan Africa. To control the highly damaging legume pod borer Maruca vitrata F., transgenic cowpea lines expressing the insecticidal Cry1Ab Bt protein were developed. In this study, we evaluated the impact of Cry1Ab transgene expression on the susceptibility of four cowpea lines (named IT97K-T, IT98K-T, Gourgou-T and Nafi-T) and their respective non-transgenic near isogenic lines (IT97K, IT98K, Gourgou and Nafi) to Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) in greenhouse conditions. In a preliminary quality control test by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the presence of Cry1Ab protein in transgenic seed lots ranged from 59% to 72%, with no significant differences among the lines (χ2 = 3.26;p = 0.35). Upon virus inoculation, all cowpea lines exhibited mosaic symptoms with similar severity between 7- and 11-day post-inoculation. No significant differences were observed in symptom severity. Significant differences were found between cowpea lines for time of symptom onset, virus accumulation in plants and days to 50% flowering. However, while comparing pairs of transgenic lines and corresponding non-transgenic lines, virus accumulation showed not significant differences whatever the pair. Time of symptom onset and days to 50% flowering did not also differ significantly between pairs of cowpea lines except Nafi/Nafi-T in which transgenic Nafi-T showed earlier symptoms (7.4 ± 0.7 vs. 8.9 ± 0.8 days post-inoculation) and shorter flowering time (37.3 ± 0.6 vs. 42 ± 1.7 days after sowing). Overall, these findings improve our understanding of the effects of Cry1Ab gene mediated genetic modification on cowpea infection by Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus, with potential implications for environmental safety assessment.

A review of inherent beneficial effects of black seeds(Nigella sativa)in Marburg virus disease management

Background:In the management of patients with MARV infection,this review article focuses on the potential protective effects of black seeds(Nigella sativa).Methods:To find studies that evaluated various effects of black seeds(N.sativa)related to signs and symptoms of MARV infection,reference lists and databases such as Medline/Pubmed/PMC,Google Scholar,Science Direct,Ebsco,Scopus,Web of Science,and Embase were searched.Results:In numerous clinical,animal,in-vitro,in-vivo,and in-ovo studies,black seeds(N.sativa)have demonstrated potential antiviral,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,immunomodulatory,and hepatoprotective properties that may aid in the treatment of MARV-infected patients.Conclusion:In the initial generalization phase of MARV infection,patients may use black seeds(N.sativa)as an adjunctive therapy in addition to symptomatic treatment and supportive care.Future randomized controlled clinical trials would confirm N.sativa’s efficacy and safety in MARV-infected patients.

A Reverse-transcription Recombinase-aided Amplification Assay for the Rapid Detection of the Far-Eastern Subtype of Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus

Objective Tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV) is an emerging pathogen in Europe and North Asia that causes tick-borne encephalitis(TBE). A simple, rapid method for detecting TBEV RNA is needed to control this disease. Methods A reverse-transcription recombinase-aided amplification(RT-RAA) assay was developed. This assay can be completed in one closed tube at 39℃ within 30 minutes. The sensitivity and specificity of RT-RAA were validated using non-infectious synthetic RNA representing a fragment of the NS5 region of the wild-type(WT) TBEV genome and the Senzhang strain. Additionally, 10 batches of tick samples were used to evaluate the performance of the RT-RAA assay. Results The analytical limit of detection of the assay was 20 copies per reaction of the TBEV synthetic transcript and 3 plaque-forming units(pfu) per reaction of TBEV titers. With the specific assay, no signal due to other arboviruses was observed. Of the 10 batches of tick samples obtained from the Changbai Mountains of China, three were TBEV-positive, which was consistent with the results of the quantitative real-time PCR assay. Conclusion A rapid, highly sensitive, specific, and easy-to-use method was developed for the detection of the TBEV Far-Eastern subtype.

Study on the blood-borne virus co-infection and T lymphocyte subset among intravenous drug users

AIM: To investigate the features of various blood- borne virus infections and co-infection in intravenous drug users (IDUs), and to examine the correlation of T lymphocyte subsets with virus co-infection. METHODS: Four hundred and six IDUs without any clinical manifestation of hepatitis and 102 healthy persons were enrolled in this study. HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBc, anti-HCV, HDV-Ag, anti-HGV, anti-HIV, and HCMV-IgM were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunochromatographic tests. The levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines were measured by ELISA and radioactive immune assay (RIA). The T lymphocyte subpopulation was detected by using fluorescence immunoassay. The similar indices taken from the healthy persons served as controls. RESULTS: The viral infection rate among IDUs was 36.45% for HBV, 69.7% for HCV, 47.3% for HIV, 2.22% for HDV, 1.97% for HGV, and 3.45% for HCMV. The co- infection rate of blood-borne virus was detected in 255 of 406 (62.81%) IDUs. More than 80% (161/192) of subjects infected with HIV were co-infected with the other viruses, such as HBV, HCV. In contrast, among the controls, the infection rate was 17.65% for HBV and 0% for the other viruses. Our investigation showed that there was a profound decrease in the proportion of CD4/CD8 and the percentage of CD3 and CD4, but not in the percentage of CD8. The levels of PHA-induced cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-4) and serum IL-2 were obviously decreased in IDUs. On the other hand, the level ofserum IL-4 was increased. The level of IFN-γ and the percentage of CD4 were continuously decreased when the IDUs were infected with HIV or HIV co-infection. IDUs with HIV and HBV co-infection was 15.1% (29/192). Of those 29 IDU with HIV and HBV co-infection, 51.72% (15/29) and 37.93% (11/29) were HBV-DNA-positive and HBeAg-positive, respectively. But, among IDUs without HIV infection, only 1.68% (2/119) of cases were HBV- DNA-positive. CONCLUSION: HCV, HBV and HIV infections are common in this population of IDU, leading to a high incidence of impaired Th1 cytokine levels and CD4 lymphocyte. IDUs with HIV and HBV/HCV co-infection have lower expression of Th1 cytokine with enhancement of the Th2 response. HIV may be causing HBV replication by decreasing Th1 function.

Seed Borne Fungal Organisms Associated with Germination Success of Terminalia brownii (Fresen) in Kenya

Terminalia brownii is an indigenous tree species highly valued in the Kenyan drylands for its products such as timber for wood curving, medicine, and charcoal production, among others. Due to this high value followed by overutilization, its population in the drylands is dwindling. Concern about the species’ low regeneration as shown by low germination has been raised. This research was conducted on the seed borne fungal organisms that are associating with the germination of this species. T. brownii seeds were collected from cluster patches of the species in Kendu Bay, Kimose and Ndumoni in Homabay, Baringo and Kitui counties of Kenya respectively. The seeds were harvested for fruit probing for maturity confirmation. Random sampling was used in selecting thirty trees, 50 meters apart, from which fresh fruits were uniformly collected from the crowns. The research adopted a complete block experimental design where one hundred seeds each from the three sites, were subjected to a germination test, seed borne fungal organisms’ presence, identified organisms cultured and DNA and DNA sequencing carried out for identification. Fungal organisms associated with germination success of T. brownii were Fusarium equiseti, Pestalotia sp, and Alternaria alternata. Paired t test run between germinants versus the number of sown seeds gave N = 12, p-value of 0.000, t = 16.29. On the other hand, paired t test run between fungal infected seeds with the number of germinants gave N = 12, p-0.000, t = 8.78. Fungi associated with germinants included Penicillium sp, and the data analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test run showed significant difference at a p value of 0.000. Identified organisms associating with none germination and germination success on the other hand were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Fungal organisms associating with germination success of T. brownii significantly affect germination of freshly extracted seeds from the field, hence, for maximum germination achievement, seeds should be sown while still fresh.

Prevalence of Seed-Borne Fungi Associated with Seeds of Some Selected Flowers

The prevalence of fungi associated with seeds of some selected local flowers namely cosmos, marigold, calendula, and periwinkle collected from three different locations (Arboriculture Garden, Ramna Park Garden, and Horticulture Garden) in Dhaka district and four hybrid flower seeds (African marigold, cockscomb, petunia, and Portulaca) collected from Momin Beej Ghar, Dhaka district were recorded. The results showed that the highest percent germination (91.38%) of cosmos was obtained from Horticulture garden’s seed, marigold (95.25%) obtained from Arboriculture garden’s seed, and calendula (65.88%) periwinkle (79.38%) obtained from Ramna park garden’s seeds. But in the case of hybrid seeds, African marigold showed the highest percent seed germination (98.25%). The Horticulture garden’s seed was better than the others considering the incidence of fungi in all local flower seeds tested. But periwinkle was the lowest affected seed (12.58%, 12.20%, 8.07% incidence) and marigold was the highest affected seed (40.31%, 35.33%, 31.33% incidence) collected from Arboriculture Garden, Ramna Park, and Horticulture Garden, respectively. But in hybrid flower seeds, the lowest fungal infection (3.14%) was recorded in Portulaca and petunia seeds whereas the highest (6.20%) was in African marigold seeds.

Probable beneficial effects of black seeds (Nigella sativa) in the management of langya henipavirus infection

Background:The patients with Langya henipavirus(LayV)infection are managed mainly with symptomatic treatment and supportive care.Objective:This review article focuses on the beneficial effects of black seeds(Nigella sativa)in the management of Langya henipavirus(LayV)infection.Methods:The literature was searched in online databases,including Medline/Pubmed/PMC,Google Scholar,Science Direct,Ebsco,Scopus,Web of Science,Embase,and reference lists,to identify published studies,which established beneficial effects of black seeds(N.sativa)related to signs and symptoms of LayV infection.Results:Black seeds(N.sativa)have shown potential antiviral,bronchodilatory,antihistaminic,antitussive,hepatoprotective,renoprotective,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and immunomodulatory properties in various clinical,animal,in-vitro,in-vivo,and in-silico studies,which would help the patients with LayV infection.Conclusion:N.sativa would be a potential herbal candidate in the management of LayV infection along with symptomatic treatment and supportive care,to prevent further deterioration,and hospitalization.The safety and efficacy of N.sativa in patients with LayV infection would further be established by future randomized controlled clinical trials.

警惕种子传带的南方番茄病毒Southern tomato virus对我国番茄产业的危害

南方番茄病毒Southern tomato virus(STV)是近年来新发现的一种侵染番茄的病毒,通常与多种病毒复合侵染,可能与番茄的褪绿、黄化、衰退、果实变小等症状相关。该病毒最早在1984年发现,并于2005年命名。我国首先于2015年在山东寿光发现。最近,我们在山东和北京市多地的番茄样品中均检测到了该病毒,并通过检测发现国内一些主要品种番茄种子的STV携带率达40%。STV基因组为一条双链RNA,隶属Amalgaviridae科Amalgavirus属,是严格种传病毒,不能通过汁液摩擦接种和嫁接传播。鉴于STV的潜在危害以及与其他病毒高度复合侵染造成的严重损失,本文介绍了STV检测方法,并提出应开展对主栽品种的种子检测和针对性防控。

The Chikungunya virus: An emerging US pathogen

BACKGROUND:The Chikungunya(CHIK)virus was recently reported by the CDC to have spread to the United States.We report an early documented case of CHIK from the state of Pennsylvania after a patient recently returned from Haiti in June of 2014.METHODS:A 39-year-old man presented to the emergency department complaining of fever,fatigue,polyarthralgias and a diffuse rash for two days.Four days before,he returned from a mission trip to Haiti and reported that four of his accompanying friends had also become ill.A CHIK antibody titer was obtained and it was found to be positive.During his hospital stay,he responded well to supportive care,including anti-inflammatories,intravenous hydration and anti-emetics.RESULTS:His condition improved within two days and he was ultimately discharged home.CONCLUSIONS:Manifestations of CHIK can be similar to Dengue fever,which is transmitted by the same species of mosquito,and occasionally as a co-infection.Clinicians should include Chikungunya virus in their differential diagnosis of patients who present with fever,polyarthralgia and rash with a recent history of travel to endemic areas,including those within the United States.

Emergence of Toscana virus in the mediterranean area

Toscana virus(TOSV) is an arthropod-borne virus, identified in 1971, from Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus perfiliewi in central Italy. TOSV belongs to the Phlebovirus genus within the Bunyaviridae family. As other bunyaviruses, the genome of TOSV consists of 3 segments(S for small, M for Medium, and L for Large) respectively encoding non structural and capsid proteins, envelope structural proteins, and the viral RNA-dependant RNA-polymerase. It is transmitted by sand flies. Therefore its distribution is dictated by that of the arthropod vectors, and virus circulation peaks during summertime when sandfly populations are active. Here, we reviewed the epidemiology of TOSV in the old world. First evidence of its pathogenicity for humans, specifically its propensity to cause central nervous system(CNS) infections such as meningitis and encephalitis, was reported in central Italy. After 2000, it was recognized that TOSV had a much larger geographic distribution than initially believed, and was present in most of the Western European countries located on the northern border of the Mediterranean Sea(Portugal, Spain, France, Greece, Croatia) as well as eastern countries such as Cyprus and Turkey. In the countries where TOSV is present, it is among the three most prevalent viruses in meningitis during the warm seasons, together with enteroviruses and herpesviruses. Up to now, epidemiological data concerning Northern Africa and other countries located south of the Mediterranean are scarce. TOSV must be considered an emerging pathogen. Despite the important role played by TOSV in CNS infections, it remains a neglected agent and is rarely considered by physicians in diagnostic algorithms of CNS infections and febrile illness during the warm season, probably because of the lack of information.

Post-Harvest Fungi Associated with Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) Seeds Produced in Burkina Faso

Cowpea is a very popular foodstuff among people in sub-Saharan Africa. In Burkina Faso, it is the main food legume, especially in rural areas. Its production is facing difficulties including post-harvest losses caused by fungi. Therefore, the objective of this study was to isolate and identify fungal strains associated with cowpea seeds produced in Burkina Faso. Thus, a total of 108 seed samples were collected in the three agro-ecological zones of Burkina Faso. The sanitary analysis of the seeds was carried out using the direct contact method. The isolation and purification of the isolates were performed on Potato Dextrose Agar medium while their identification was done through macroscopic and microscopic phenotypical characterization using different culture media (Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Malt Extract Agar (MEA) and Czapeck Dox Agar (CZA)) and different identification keys. A total of 10 fungal species were isolated, with predominance of Aspergillus flavus, Aspegillus niger, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporium and Rhizopus sp. whose infection rates were 70.8% to 100% of seed samples. In addition to being present in all three zones, the infection rates of Aspergillus flavus (56.55%), Aspergillus niger (20.35%) and Rhizopus (32.80%) were higher in the Sahelian zone. In the Sudano-Sahelian zone, Macrophomina (50.66%) and Fusarium (18.88%) presented the highest infection rates, while Penicillium sp. showed the highest infection rate (2.84%) in the Sudanian zone. This finding demonstrated the necessity to improve post-harvest and conservation techniques of cowpea to limit crop losses and preserve the sanitary quality of this important foodstuff.

‘藏农薯1号’不同级别种薯的病毒种类及生物学性状比较

种薯退化是制约马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)产业发展的重要因素,不同级别种薯播种后在田间发病情况通常差异较大,进而影响其生物学性状及经济效益。以西藏自治区选育品种‘藏农薯1号’为试验材料,分析各级种薯(原原种、原种、一级种、二级种)在田间病毒再侵染情况,比较各级种薯植株生长发育、块茎品质和产量等生物学特性。原原种植株中仅检测到马铃薯S病毒,其他级别种薯植株中可检测到马铃薯卷叶病毒和S病毒。同时,原原种植株田间马铃薯卷叶病毒和S病毒病发病率和病情指数均较低,二级种则相反。在生长发育过程中,现蕾期叶片的叶绿素含量和光合速率最高;随着种薯级别降低,叶绿素含量和光合速率呈下降趋势,而株高差异小。不同级别种薯块茎淀粉和干物质含量差异小,还原糖含量随着种薯级别降低而降低。产量和商品薯率统计结果显示,原原种最高、二级种最低,而原种和一级种之间未见显著差异。考虑到种薯成本和经济效益,在‘藏农薯1号’马铃薯生产中,种薯应优先选用原种和一级种。

甘肃省常见瓜菜种传病毒病及其消毒预防措施

种传病毒病对瓜菜产量及品质的影响很大,严重时会造成大幅度减产甚至绝收。本文通过实地调研并查阅大量文献,归纳总结了甘肃省瓜菜种子常见病毒病及其消毒预防措施,并为提高瓜菜种子消毒质量,促进甘肃省瓜菜种子健康生产及农业可持续高质量发展提供了可行性建议。

壳寡糖浸种对低温下江西铅山红芽芋脱毒试管芋萌发及生理代谢的影响

江西铅山红芽芋脱毒试管芋一般在1月至2月上旬晴天播种,“倒春寒”等低温胁迫会导致早播的江西铅山红芽芋脱毒试管芋生长缓慢,出苗周期变长,严重时会造成烂种死亡,出苗率降低,影响其产量。为提高播种期江西铅山红芽芋脱毒试管芋抗寒性,该研究利用植物组织培养和植物生理学的方法测定了壳寡糖浸种后低温下江西铅山红芽芋脱毒试管芋的萌发及其相关生理指标。结果表明:200~250 mg/L壳寡糖浸种可显著促进低温下江西铅山红芽芋脱毒试管芋的萌发。与低温对照相比,当浸种浓度为200 mg/L时,在内源激素方面,有利于低温下江西铅山红芽芋脱毒试管芋萌发过程中赤霉素、玉米素核苷、多胺和茉莉酸的积累,而不利于生长素和脱落酸的积累;在抗氧化方面,提高了超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶的活性,降低了丙二醛和过氧化氢的含量;在渗透调节方面,有利于可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸的积累;在代谢关键酶方面,可提高脂肪酶、蛋白酶和α-淀粉酶活性以及三磷酸腺苷含量。因此,200 mg/L壳寡糖可以调控低温下江西铅山红芽芋脱毒试管芋内源植物激素和渗透调节物质含量、抗氧化酶和代谢关键酶活性,促进其在低温下的萌发。

云南怒江番茄种植新区番茄病毒检测及病毒种传特性

病毒病对番茄生产造成严重危害,近年来在番茄种植新区发生严重,疑似为种子带毒传播。本研究通过对云南省怒江州番茄种植新区的番茄病毒病样品采用RNA-seq高通量测序,RT-PCR验证的方法检测病毒种类;对番茄病果种子进行超薄切片制样透射电子显微镜观察,将病果种子播种后对种苗进行RT-PCR带毒检测。结果表明,RNA-seq高通量测序及RT-PCR检测到的病毒有番茄环纹斑点病毒(tomato zonate spot orthotospovirus, TZSV)、番茄黄斑驳相关病毒(tomato yellow mottle-associated virus, TYMaV)、辣椒脉斑驳病毒(chili veinal mottle virus, ChiVMV)、南方番茄病毒(southern tomato virus, STV)。透射电镜观察到种胚细胞及胚乳细胞中分布典型的正番茄斑萎病毒属Orthotospovirus病毒粒体。病果种子播种28 d后的种苗具有病毒病症状,通过RT-PCR检出TZSV、ChiVMV、STV,检出率分别为60%、100%、80%。上述研究结果为TZSV通过种子传播提供了有利的证据,并为源头防控番茄病毒病提供了依据。

大豆种子携带病原菌对8种杀菌剂的敏感性

为筛选对大豆种子携带病原菌具有良好抑制效果的杀菌剂,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了从内蒙古大豆种子内部分离的4个属和种子表面分离的8个属的病原菌对不同作用机制杀菌剂的敏感性。结果表明,3种甾醇14α脱甲基酶抑制剂咪鲜胺、戊唑醇、氯氟醚菌唑对供试病原菌均有良好的抑制作用,其中氯氟醚菌唑抑菌效果最强,对所有供试病原菌的EC50值均小于3.73μg/mL。琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂氟吡菌酰胺对部分供试病原菌有较好的抑菌活性;线粒体呼吸链复合物III抑制剂嘧菌酯对除链格孢属Alternaria、Boeremia属外的多数供试病原菌具有良好的抑菌活性,EC50值介于0.01~5.53μg/mL之间;解偶联抑制剂氟啶胺仅对种子内部分离的织球壳属Plectosphaella无抑菌活性,对于其他供试病原菌的EC50值均小于3.39μg/mL。多菌灵和咯菌腈对多数供试病原菌抑菌活性良好,但对于链格孢属和织球壳属病原菌无抑菌作用。综上,可推荐使用咪鲜胺、戊唑醇、氯氟醚菌唑等甾醇14α脱甲基酶抑制剂与其他药剂科学复配来进行种子处理以防治大豆种子携带病原菌引起的主要病害。

北京某绿地蚊媒病毒的分离和鉴定

为了解北京某绿地蚊媒病毒的分布情况,本试验使用诱蚊灯捕蚊采集到蚊虫标本19000余只,利用蚊子细胞C6/36培养进行病毒分离,利用高通量测序和逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)鉴定分离株;RT-PCR测定分离株病毒的序列,并与国内外相应病毒序列进行比对分析。结果显示,样本经病毒分离获得2株可引起明显细胞病变的分离株,分别命名为BJ2021/01和BJ2021/02。高通量测序和RT-PCR检测结果显示,BJ2021/01分离株含有版纳病毒(BAV)、忍者病毒(SHTV)、沙捞越病毒(SWKV)和库蚊源类芜菁黄花叶病毒科病毒(CuTLV),为4种病毒的混合物;BJ2021/02为BAV。基因序列分析结果显示,BAV分离株BJ2021/02的12个片段与国内外BAV分离株的核苷酸同源性为58.1%~98.7%,编码氨基酸的同源性为54.4%~98.9%。系统进化分析结果显示,BJ2021/02分离株属基因A型。本试验结果丰富了我国BAV的基因组序列,为开展北京市BAV的流行病学研究提供了参考,为虫媒病毒病的预防和控制提供了病原学依据。

9个燕麦品种的种带细菌多样性及其促生功能定性分析

【目的】探究燕麦(Avena sativa)种带细菌及其促生功能多样性。【方法】采用传统培养方法分离纯化9个燕麦品种种带细菌,并定性分析其固氮、溶磷、产IAA能力和分解纤维素功能。【结果】共分离到34株细菌分离物,结合其形态特征及16S rDNA分析,分离出的细菌隶属于原核生物界的4门19属,其中优势门为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),占比56.00%;优势属为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),占比41.18%;34株燕麦种带细菌均具不同的促生功能,其中分属于芽孢杆菌属、埃希氏菌属(Escherichia)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、志贺氏菌属(Shigella)和大西洋杆菌属(Atlantibacter)的9株细菌同时具备固氮、溶磷、产吲哚乙酸和分解纤维素功能。【结论】本试验共分离到34株细菌分离物,均具备不同的促生功能,其中9株细菌兼具固氮、溶磷、产吲哚乙酸和分解纤维素功能,志贺氏菌属LFt4综合能力最强。

弋江籽紫云英种带真菌对种子发芽的影响及分离鉴定

【目的】明确紫云英(Astragalus sinicus)种带真菌区系及该真菌对种子萌发的影响。【方法】通过常规分离培养方法。【结果】从弋江籽紫云英中共分离得到6属7种真菌,分别为细极链格孢(Al-ternaria tenuissima)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、近缘弯孢霉(Curvularia affinis)、膝曲弯孢菌(Curvu-laria geniculata)、雪霉微座孢(Microdochium nivale)、纸皮思霉(Pithomyces chartarum)和囊状匍柄霉(Stemphylium vesicarium)。所分离的种带真菌可不同程度的降低紫云英种子的发芽率,降低种子活力指数,影响生长。种带真菌降低紫云英种子发芽率1.69%~76.27%,降低种子发芽势16.00%~42.00%,活力指数降低2.25%~79.48%,均以膝曲弯孢菌影响最大,纸皮思霉影响最小(P<0.05);胚芽长降低1.06%~34.39%,胚根长降低3.49%~43.02%,出苗率降低15.79%~52.63%。【结论】种带真菌对紫云英种子的发芽率、发芽势、种子活力具有抑制作用,其中膝曲弯孢菌、雪霉微座孢的影响最为显著。

蜱传脑炎概况及其防治研究进展

蜱传脑炎病毒(Tick-borne encephalitis virus,TBEV)是引起中枢神经系统疾病——蜱传脑炎(Tick-borne encephalitis,TBE)的病原体,可在人与动物中引起致死性脑炎并伴有长期的后遗症,严重影响人类健康与公共卫生安全。近年来随着气候变化以及人类对自然资源的开发,蜱传脑炎发病率不断升高,但目前尚无有效的治疗药物,靶向抗病毒药物的研发是治疗病毒感染的主要方向之一。蜱传脑炎的预防主要集中在减少传播媒介蜱的叮咬上。本文对蜱传脑炎病毒的病原学特征、临床特征、检测诊断方法以及防治措施进行综述,以期为相关研究提供参考。