Effect of Butternut Squash (Cucurbita moschata) Seed Powder on the Chemical and Rheological Properties of Stirred Cultured Camel Milk and Yoghurt

Research shows that producing fermented camel milk is hard because of the milk’s inability to form a firm coagulum, attributed to low levels of κ-casein and ꞵ-lactoglobulin and the large casein micelle size, leading to a weak network of casein formation. In an effort to address this issue, researchers turned to corn starch as a thickening agent, discovering that a concentration of 2.0% effectively improved the viscosity and significantly reduced syneresis in stirred camel milk yoghurt and cultured camel milk. This study explores alternatives to corn starch, focusing on butternut squash seeds as a promising substitute due to their hydrocolloid composition. By incorporating butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata) seed powder (BSSP) as a thickening agent, this study aimed at enhancing the chemical and rheological properties of stirred camel milk yoghurt and cultured camel milk. Fermented camel milk was prepared using 4 litres of camel milk, 2% starter cultures (thermophilic culture for yoghurt and mesophilic aromatic culture for stirred cultured camel milk) and BSSP 0.0% (negative control), 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6%, 2.0% mixed with 0.4% gelatin. 2.0% corn starch mixed with 0.4% gelatin was used as a standard for comparison. Results showed that increasing the BSSP level significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the moisture content while increasing the total solid content of stirred fermented camel milk products. There was an increase in ash content with an increase in BSSP levels. There was a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the pH, with an increase in BSSP levels in stirred fermented camel milk samples. Increasing the concentration of BSSP from 0.4% to 2.0% resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in viscosity and a reduction in syneresis of stirred camel milk yoghurt and stirred cultured camel milk samples. This study demonstrated that BSSP effectively enhances the viscosity, reduces syneresis and increases acidity in stirred fermented camel milk products during storage.

Green Dyeing of Silk Fabric with Turmeric Powder Using Tamarind Seed Coat as Mordant

The current study is aimed to explore the sustainable dyeing approach of silk fabric with turmeric powder using tannin as mordant extracted from tamarind seed coat. For that, tamarind seed coat tannin was extracted and applied as natural mordant alone and in combination with metal mordant namely copper sulphate for dyeing silk fabric with the extract of turmeric powder. Dyeing parameters such as temperature, time and mordant concentration were varying for optimizing the process. The color strength, color coordinates, color fastness to wash, perspiration, water and rubbing were evaluated for examining dyeing performance. Firstly, tannin was extracted from tamarind seed coat and applying on the silk fabric at 95&#176;C temperature for 45 min by varying concentration. Among them 15 g/l shows better results. Some samples were mordanted with both 15 g/l extracted tannin and 0.5% copper sulphate solution. The mordanted samples were dyed with turmeric dye by varying the time and temperature. By analyzing the test results, the sample mordanted with extracted tannin showed high color strength and good fastness properties dyeing at 80&#176;C for 60 min. The application of 0.5% copper sulphate mordant enhanced sustainable wash fastness properties.

Diet Chocolates and Replacement of Cocoa Powder with Jackfruit Seed Powder

Chocolate is a very popular food product that is relished by millions of people for its unique, rich and sweet taste. The health benefits of chocolate are immense which is attributed to its high polyphenolic content. In the current study, the diet chocolates using natural and artificial sweeteners were developed. Also, the jackfruit seed powder after fermentation (anaerobic and aerobic) was used to replace cocoa powder by 10%. The physiochemical and glycemic index of the chocolates were analyzed. The physiochemical analysis of the chocolates indicated that substitution of jackfruit seed powder did not alter significantly the proximate composition. It was found out that the glycemic index and glycemic load of the chocolates were significantly lower than commercial milk chocolate, which makes it a suitable food product for diabetic and other groups. The samples were packed in pouches made of metallised polyester films laminated with polyethylene for storage studies. Instrumental textural studies were in concordance with sensory observation, indicating that the product remained stable for 3 months at room temperature (26&deg;C ± 2&deg;C). The color of the product remained similar throughout the storage period indicating stable structural and surface characteristics. Hence, the chocolates developed using natural and artificial sweeteners have low GI and will minimize the risk of several chronic diseases including diabetes and the use of jackfruit seed powder as a substitute for cocoa powder has not altered any of the characteristic features of chocolate.

Effects of Supplemental Amount of Tuanfeng Lotus Seed Powder on Quality of Silver Carp Surimi Products

[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve the gel properties of freshwater surimi and its products. [Methods] Tuanfeng lotus seed powder was added to frozen silver carp, and the relationship between the addiamount of Tuanfeng lotus seed powder(1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%) and the quality of surimi products was studied, so as to improve the quality of surimi products. [Results] The water holding capacity(86.71%±0.36%), hardness(3 566.64±51.15) g, chewiness(2 697.16±15.81) g and gel strength(692.54±23.19) of surimi products increased to the maximums when the addition amount of lotus seed powder was 3%. Meanwhile, the cooking loss rate was reduced to the minimum(13.00%±0.17%), and the sensory quality was the best, although the whiteness of surimi products decreased slightly with the increase of Tuanfeng lotus seed powder. Therefore, the quality of silver carp surimi products could be improved obviously when the dosage of Tuanfeng lotus seed powder was 3%. [Conclusions] This study provides more new ideas for improving the quality of silver carp surimi products, and simultaneously makes the development of lotus seed food more diversified.

Physio-Chemical Characteristics and Acid-Sulphate Reactions of Moringa Oleifera Seed Powder Cement Paste and Concrete

The evaluation of the effect of using moringa oleifera seed powder(MOSP)to partially replace cement by wt.%has been carried out.A mix parameter of 1:1.7:2.5,with designed strength of 20 kN-m^(2),and a cement content of 420 kg-m3,water-cementitious ratio of 0.5,to produce concrete specimens to which percentages of MOSP by wt.%of cement were added and cured for 90 days.Basic characteristics of the MOSP material were determined(Consistency and Setting times),and the concrete parameters workability,density,water absorption and compressive strength were also determined.The analysis of the experimental data collected on MOSP and MOSP-concrete confirmed that MOSP is substantially silicate(Quartz and Cristobalite).These have greatly to a large extent imparted on the quality of MOSP-concrete produced good quality concrete.The optimum replacement was at 0.2%wt.%of cement.

生根粉浸种对木薯生长与产量的影响

为探索木薯的抗逆增产技术,设置5个生根粉浸种浓度(0、10.0、20.0、40.0、60.0 mg·L^(-1))、2个浸种时间(6、12 h)、以不浸种处理为对照(CK),研究其对木薯农艺性状、薯块产量与品质的影响。结果表明:与不浸种比较,20.0、60.0 mg·L^(-1)浸种6 h和20.0~60.0 mg·L^(-1)浸种12 h显著增粗茎径,20.0 mg·L^(-1)浸种6 h显著提高薯长和薯径,0、10.0、60.0 mg·L^(-1)浸种12 h显著增长薯长,0、40.0、60.0 mg·L^(-1)浸种6 h及40.0、60.0 mg·L^(-1)浸种12 h显著增粗薯径,20.0 mg·L^(-1)浸种6 h鲜薯产量显著增加42.3%、淀粉产量显著提高49.9%、收获指数显著提高10.5%。综上,推荐20.0 mg·L^(-1)生根粉溶液浸泡木薯种茎6 h的增产技术。

生根粉溶液浸种对木薯幼苗生长的影响

为改进生根粉浸种技术,利用不同生根粉浓度溶液浸泡木薯种茎6 h和12 h,研究其对木薯幼苗生长及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,与不浸种比较,20~40 mg/L浸种6 h与10~20 mg/L浸种12 h显著提高细根总根长及茎叶、细根干重,并有效提高土壤脲酶活性;10~40 mg/L浸种6 h或12 h显著增粗细根直径,20~40 mg/L浸种6 h或12 h增加膨大根干重;对薯干可溶性糖含量及淀粉含量的影响不显著;20~40 mg/L浸种6 h、10 mg/L浸种12 h有效提高土壤酸性磷酸酶活性。根据试验结果,推荐20~40 mg/L生根粉溶液浸种6 h,能较好促进木薯苗生长,并提高土壤的脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性。

树莓籽粉末油脂豆奶粉制备工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

以黄豆粉、脱脂奶粉、木糖醇和树莓籽粉末油脂(RSOP)为主要原料制备RSOP豆奶粉。以感官评分为指标,通过单因素试验和响应面试验优化RSOP豆奶粉配方,并对其营养成分和抗氧化活性进行分析。结果表明:最优配方为以黄豆粉质量为基准,RSOP添加量20%、木糖醇添加量14%、脱脂奶粉添加量65%。在此条件下制得的RSOP豆奶粉均匀无结块,呈淡黄色,无豆腥和油脂气味,蛋白质含量为29.41%±2.04%,对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基具有较高的清除能力,表明RSOP豆奶粉具有较好的抗氧化活性。

非水溶液体系中晶种法制备球形银纳米颗粒

以丙三醇作溶剂,硝酸银为原料,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂,硼氢化钠为还原剂制备了银纳米晶种;以此银纳米粒子作为初级晶种,以丙三醇作溶剂和还原剂,通过升温提高丙三醇的还原性制备银纳米颗粒。研究分散剂种类、生长液银浓度、晶种加入量对银粉的影响,采用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对制备产物的结构、物相、形貌进行表征。结果表明,通过改变条件可以制备出分散性良好、粒径均匀的70nm左右的球形银粉。

莱菔子散神阙和足三里穴位贴敷对肠镜检查术后腹胀的临床疗效观察

目的:观察莱菔子散贴敷神阙和足三里穴对肠镜检查术后腹胀的疗效。方法:将60例患者随机分为观察组和对照组,各30例。对照组患者于肠镜检查前2 h,以不裹挟药物的麝香止痛贴膏贴敷于神阙和两侧足三里穴,随后行常规肠镜检查;观察组患者于肠镜检查前2 h予以裹挟莱菔子散的麝香止痛贴膏贴敷于神阙和两侧足三里穴,随后行常规肠镜检查。最后比较2组患者在穴位贴敷2 h前后的腹胀情况、每分钟肠鸣音次数、舒适度和满意度评分。结果:2组患者穴位贴敷2 h后与穴位贴敷前比较,其腹胀评分均升高(P<0.05)、每分钟肠鸣音次数均下降(P<0.05)、舒适度和满意度评分均下降(P<0.05);与对照组比较,观察组患者在穴位贴敷前的腹胀评分、每分钟肠鸣音次数、舒适度和满意度评分方面均无统计学差异(P>0.05);与对照组比较,观察组患者穴位贴敷2 h后的腹胀评分较低(P<0.05)、每分钟肠鸣音次数较高(P<0.05)、舒适度和满意度评分明显提高(P<0.05)。结论:莱菔子散神阙和足三里穴位贴敷对肠镜检查术后患者的腹胀有显著改善作用,有较好的临床疗效。

聚合物水泥防水涂料用苯丙乳液的研制及其各因素影响研究

通过预乳化半连续种子乳液聚合法自制了JS防水涂料专用苯丙乳液,并由此制备了聚合物水泥防水涂料。研究了乳化剂用量及其分配对苯丙乳液粒径及其吸水率的影响,同时通过尝试不同的方法降低乳液残留单体减少VOC排放。在自制苯丙乳液的基础上探究不同液粉比对聚合物水泥防水涂料拉伸性能的影响,通过添加一些不同的助剂来提升聚合物水泥防水涂料的综合性能。

响应面优化糖醇瓜蒌籽粉蛋糕配方研究

为研制一款具有保健功能的蛋糕制品,以药食同源食材瓜蒌籽粉、木糖醇、色拉油为主要原料,单因素和响应面优化确定了最佳配方工艺:瓜蒌籽粉35 g、糖醇100 g、色拉油60 g、水53 g。在此条件下制作的蛋糕口感松软,组织均匀,具有瓜蒌香味,品质最佳。

油茶籽不同加工技术产生的副产物成分测定及对比研究

本研究旨在对油茶籽饼、油茶籽粕和油茶籽仁粉的性状、常规营养成分和主要生物活性成分进行测定和对比分析。研究结果显示:与油茶籽饼和油茶籽粕相比,油茶籽仁粉性状优势突出,为类白色粉末,苦涩味淡,呈多孔蜂窝状微观结构;富含营养和生物活性成分,其粗蛋白质、总糖和油茶皂苷含量较高,分别为11.66%、38.50%和18.85%;粗纤维和单宁含量较低,分别为8.60%和1.25%。以上结果表明,油茶籽仁粉的性状、常规营养成分和主要生物活性成分都优于油茶籽饼和油茶籽粕,具有作为新型和特色饲料资源开发利用的巨大潜力。

低温脱脂油茶籽仁粉对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和血清生化指标的影响

为研究低温脱脂油茶籽仁粉对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和血清生化指标的影响,试验选取产蛋后期(70周龄)、产蛋率(88.53±0.73)%的海兰灰蛋鸡450只,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复25只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加500 mg/kg的低温脱脂油茶籽仁粉(油茶籽仁粉组)和糖萜素I型饲料添加剂(糖萜素组)。预试期7 d,正试期56 d。结果显示:(1)油茶籽仁粉组蛋鸡的产蛋率较对照组和糖萜素组分别提高3.14%和4.06%(P<0.05),且料蛋比最低。(2)与对照组相比,油茶籽仁粉组鸡蛋的蛋白高度和哈氏单位分别提高12.98%和9.66%(P<0.05),糖萜素组鸡蛋的蛋白高度和哈氏单位分别提高13.98%和9.40%(P<0.05)。(3)与对照组相比,油茶籽仁粉组和糖萜素组蛋鸡血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)的含量分别降低了32.00%和42.85%(P<0.05);油茶籽仁粉组蛋鸡血清中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)含量降低了21.59%(P<0.05)。综上,饲粮添加低温脱脂油茶籽仁粉能提高蛋鸡的生产性能和蛋品质,并能改善蛋鸡肝脏代谢功能。

不同配比茶籽壳粉基质栽培茶树菇对比研究

采用3个不同配比的茶籽壳粉基质栽培茶树菇,并以杂木屑配方作为对照,对比四者之间茶树菇产量的差异。结果表明,茶籽壳粉作为栽培基质可以显著提高茶树菇的产量,26%和36%的茶籽壳粉效果较好。但菌丝生长速度在含有茶籽壳的培养基内会有所减缓,茶籽壳粉含量越高,减缓程度越大。

白芥子散穴位贴敷联合局部麻醉在床边支气管镜检查的效果及耐受性

目的:探讨白芥子散穴位贴敷联合局部麻醉在床边支气管镜检查的效果及耐受性。方法:选取2022年7月-2023年12月于广州中医药大学顺德医院接受床边支气管镜检查的60例患者作为研究对象,以随机数表法将患者分为观察组(n=30)与对照组(n=30)。对照组采用局部麻醉,观察组采用白芥子散穴位贴敷联合局部麻醉,比较两组术中利多卡因用量、生命体征变化、术中不良反应及术后反馈。结果:观察组术中利多卡因用量在5~9 mL、10~14 mL人数较对照组更多,术中利多卡因用量在15~19 mL人数、平均术中利多卡因用量较对照组更少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。检查中,两组最低血氧饱和度较检查前下降,但观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术中呛咳≥2次、操作暂停≥2次发生率较对照组更低,愿意再次接受检查率、满意度较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:床边支气管镜检查患者采用白芥子散穴位贴敷联合局部麻醉,能减少术中利多卡因用量,保持生命体征平稳,减少术中不良反应发生,提高愿意再次接受检查率及满意度。

牡丹籽油葛根全麦饼干制作工艺研究及品质分析

以牡丹籽油、葛根粉和全麦粉为原料制作的饼干,不仅含有丰富的营养物质,同时对人身体健康具有保健作用。以感官评价、质构分析和色差分析作为评价方法,利用单因素试验,确定牡丹籽油、葛根粉、全麦粉和白砂糖的最佳添加量,再通过正交试验,得到牡丹籽油葛根全麦饼干的最佳配方:牡丹籽油10%、葛根粉5%、全麦粉10%、低筋面粉85%、白砂糖25%、全脂奶粉2.5%、黄油30%、水10%、小苏打0.5%、鸡蛋液25%、食盐0.5%(所有添加量均以葛根粉、全麦粉和低筋面粉总量为基准,即葛根粉+全麦粉+低筋面粉=100%)。烘焙过程的上下火温度为170℃,烘烤时间13min,在此条件下制作的饼干营养丰富,风味独特,口感好,符合人类健康饮食需求。

浅谈南瓜籽蛋白粉的制取工艺

南瓜籽蛋白粉营养价值丰富,属于一种优质的保健型植物蛋白资源,是当前的一个开发热点。本文根据目前传统的粕蛋白制取工艺,设计了一个融合冷榨法和溶剂浸出法两种传统方法的新工艺,严格控制生产过程中的温度,避免蛋白变性,保留其生物活性和营养,以期适用于工厂的规模生产。

耳穴贴压结合穴位贴敷治疗小儿腹泻临床研究

目的:观察耳穴贴压结合穴位贴敷治疗小儿腹泻的治疗效果。方法:选取90例小儿腹泻患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组各45例。对照组给予常规治疗加口服蒙脱石散,研究组在对照组基础上加用耳穴贴压和穴位贴敷治疗,2组均治疗7 d。比较2组临床疗效及不良反应,并比较2组主要症状、临床症状改善情况。结果:研究组总有效率95.56%,高于对照组82.22%(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组大便次数减少(P<0.05),Bristol粪便形态量表(BSFS)评分降低(P<0.05),且研究组少于或低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组纠正脱水、止泻起效、大便性状恢复正常、正常进食时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。2组均未出现严重不良反应。结论:耳穴贴压结合穴位贴敷应用在小儿腹泻治疗中用法安全,可缩短病程,明显改善患者症状。

莲子磨皮粉水提物的制备及其性能研究

以莲子磨皮粉为原料,在单因素实验的基础上通过正交实验法,得到了超声提取莲子磨皮粉中酚类的工艺参数,并实验测评了其抗氧化、美白功效。经正交试验,最佳工艺条件为:料液比为1︰30,超声温度70℃,提取时间为120 min。在此提取条件下,莲子磨皮粉水提物清除DPPH自由基的IC50为0.0180 mg/mL,清除ABTS自由基的I50为0.9286 mg/mL。莲子磨皮粉对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基具有良好的清除效果,具有一定的抗氧化功效。在酪氨酸酶抑制实验中,半数抑制量为3.898 mg/mL,具有开发为美白原料的潜能。同时在红细胞溶血实验中,半数溶血浓度HD50为0.8321 mg/mL,各浓度的莲子磨皮粉水提物的溶血率均显著低于SDS溶液的溶血率,证明了莲子磨皮粉水提物具有低刺激性。