Biodiesel is a biofuel obtained through a transesterification reaction using vegetable oils and animal fats.After oil extraction,the seedcake is a by-product,which can be used as a biofertilizer.This work evaluated th...Biodiesel is a biofuel obtained through a transesterification reaction using vegetable oils and animal fats.After oil extraction,the seedcake is a by-product,which can be used as a biofertilizer.This work evaluated the modifications in chemical structures that occurred in Jatropha cake after its submission to different treatments with distilled water and vapor of10%v/v aqueous solution of acetic acid.Seedcakes were characterized by chemical analysis of acidity,water solubility,conductivity and infrared spectroscopy.The following values were observed in untreated cake(%w/w):moisture6.1±0.2,ash5.2±0.3,crude protein26.5±0.9,potassium1.7±0.1,crude fiber34.9±5.8,phosphorous4.7±0.4and crude fat13.8±0.5.Ash,crude fiber and phosphorous content had no significant modifications,whereas crude protein decreased after acid treatment.Moisture and potassium content decreased after both water and acetic acid solution treatments.The acidity of the soluble fraction presented values around5.8.Conductivities(?S·cm^-1)of the soluble fraction for cakes in natura,treated with water and treated with acetic acid were,respectively,430.8±13.6,362.9±8.1and599.3±26.8and solubilities(g100g-1H2O)were0.309±0.008,0.241±0.008and0.373±0.012,respectively.These results showed that structures like hemicellulose and lignin were probably modified through acid hydrolysis,producing ionic groups and leading to higher conductivity and solubility.Similar infrared spectra were obtained for three cake samples.In general,Jatropha cake underwent slight modification concerning composition after acetic acid treatment.展开更多
文摘Biodiesel is a biofuel obtained through a transesterification reaction using vegetable oils and animal fats.After oil extraction,the seedcake is a by-product,which can be used as a biofertilizer.This work evaluated the modifications in chemical structures that occurred in Jatropha cake after its submission to different treatments with distilled water and vapor of10%v/v aqueous solution of acetic acid.Seedcakes were characterized by chemical analysis of acidity,water solubility,conductivity and infrared spectroscopy.The following values were observed in untreated cake(%w/w):moisture6.1±0.2,ash5.2±0.3,crude protein26.5±0.9,potassium1.7±0.1,crude fiber34.9±5.8,phosphorous4.7±0.4and crude fat13.8±0.5.Ash,crude fiber and phosphorous content had no significant modifications,whereas crude protein decreased after acid treatment.Moisture and potassium content decreased after both water and acetic acid solution treatments.The acidity of the soluble fraction presented values around5.8.Conductivities(?S·cm^-1)of the soluble fraction for cakes in natura,treated with water and treated with acetic acid were,respectively,430.8±13.6,362.9±8.1and599.3±26.8and solubilities(g100g-1H2O)were0.309±0.008,0.241±0.008and0.373±0.012,respectively.These results showed that structures like hemicellulose and lignin were probably modified through acid hydrolysis,producing ionic groups and leading to higher conductivity and solubility.Similar infrared spectra were obtained for three cake samples.In general,Jatropha cake underwent slight modification concerning composition after acetic acid treatment.
