Seismic ductility of very-high-strength-concrete short columns subject to combined axial loading and cyclic lateral loading

The seismic ductility of reinforced very-high-strength-concrete （VHSC） short columns was studied by combinatively applying axial load and low cyclic lateral load on specimens to simulate seismic impact. Twelve specimens with concrete compressive strength ranging from 95.6 MPa to 118.6 MPa and a shear-span ratio of 2.0 were tested for shear failure pattern and fear force-displacement hysteretic responses. Combinative application of axial load and low cyclic lateral load to VHSC short columns incurs shear failure. The displacement ductility is much smaller when the axial load ratio is larger; whereas a larger stirrup ratio is accompanied with a better displacement ductility. The relationship of displacement ductility factor,μ△, with stirrup characteristic value, λv, and test axial load ratio, nt, is μ△=（1＋8λv）/（0.33＋nt）. By this relationship and relevant codes for aseismatic design, the axial load ratio limits for aseismatic design of reinforced VHSC （C95 to C100） short columns for frame construction are respectively 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7 for seismic classes Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ; corresponding minimum characteristic values of stirrups are calculated according to the required characteristic values of at least 1.273 times of experimental results. These data are very useful to aseismatic engineering.

Experimental Study on the Axial Compression Behavior of Short Columns of Steel-Fiber-Reinforced Recycled Aggregate Concrete

In order to study the axial compression performances of short columns made of recycled aggregate concrete,four samples were designed with different recycled aggregate replacement rates and carbon fibre reinforced plastics(CFRP)sheets.Then,monotonic loading was implemented to assess the variation trends of their axial compression properties.The ABAQUS finite element software was also used to determined the compression performances.Good agreement between experimental and numerical results has been found for the different parameters being considered.As shown by the results,recycled coarse aggregates result in improved ductility and better deformation performance of the specimens.The failure of specimens caused by pre damage can be compensated by using CFRP sheets,by which both the resistance to deformation and the axial carrying capacity of columns can be increased.

Behavior of eccentrically loaded concrete-filled GFRP tubular short columns

The glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) tube is an effective material that can increase the bearing capacity and ductility of concrete.To study the mechanical behavior of this composite structure,twenty-one concrete-filled GFRP tubular short columns were tested under an eccentric load.The principle influencing factors,such as the eccentricity ratio,concrete strength and ratio of longitudinal reinforcement were also studied.In addition,the course of deformation,failure mode,and failure mechanism were analyzed by observing the phenomena and summarizing the data.The test results indicated that the strength and deformation characteristics of core concrete increase as a result of the addition of the GFRP tube.However,the gain in strength due to the addition of the GFRP tube decreases as the ratio of e /d increases.An increase in the longitudinal steel ratio can improve the bearing capacity of the composite short column effectively.Furthermore,the study showed that the constraint effect of the GFRP tube on high-strength concrete is not as effective as that on common concrete.The reason is that the lateral deformation of the high-strength concrete is less than that of the common concrete when the concrete column was tested under the same axial compression ratio.

Study of Short Column Behavior Originated from the Level Difference on Sloping Lots during Earthquake (Special Case: Reinforced Concrete Buildings)

The disorders originated from architectural design in buildings, show in different forms. One of them is the level difference originated from lot’s slope which affects structures through short column phenomenon. The great stiffness of short columns enables them to absorb large amounts of structural energy. Inattention of some manuals and regulations such as Earthquake regulations to this phenomenon necessitates paying further attention to it. On this basis, the present study employed experimental modeling and numerical modeling for a four-story reinforced concrete building that involves the analysis of simple 2-D frames of varying floor heights and varying number of bays using a very popular software tool STAAD Pro on both a sloping and a flat lot. Also Sap2000 software had been used to show that the displacement of floors is greater for a flat lot building than a sloping lot building. However, the increase in shear was found to be quite greater in short columns compared to common ones and an enormous moment should be tolerated by sloping lot structures. The greater stiffness of the structure was also revealed by non-linear static (Push-Over) analysis. According to the results, short column are required to have more resistant sections and are suggested to be reinforced with more bars. In addition, more steel should be used as stirrups than as longitudinal bars. Also for existing structures, shear capacity of short columns should be retrofitted by FRP, Steel Jacket or other materials.

Seismic Performance of High-Strength Short Concrete Column with High-Strength Stirrups Constraints

The seismic performance of four short concrete columns was investigated under low cycle and repeated loads, including the failure characteristics, hysteretic behavior, rigidity degeneracy and steel-bar stress. The influences of reinforcement strength, stirrup ratio and shear span ratio were also compared. Test results reveal that the restriction effect of stirrups can improve the peak stress, so the bearing capacity of specimen can be improved; for the high-strength short concrete column with high-strength stirrups, it was more reasonable to use ultimate displacement angle to reflect the ductility of the specimen, and the yield strength of high-strength stirrups should be devalued when calculating the stirrup characteristic value; the seismic performance of short column would be improved with the increase of volume–stirrup ratio and shear span ratio; the high-strength stirrups and high-strength longitudinal reinforcements did not yield when the load acting on the specimen reached the peak value, which brought adequate safety stock to these short columns. © 2017, Tianjin University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Model Experiment on Integral Seismic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Frame with Split Columns

Based on a series of previous studies, an experiment on the integral seismic behavior of a 1/3 scaled model of two-bay and three-story reinforced concrete frame with split columns at lower two stories is performed under cyclic loading. The original columns at lower two stories of the model frame are short columns and they are replaced by the split columns. The hysteresis curves between the horizontal cyclic load and the lateral displacement at the top of the model frame, indicate that under the cyclic loading, the model frame undergoes the process of cracking, yielding, and maximum loading before being destroyed at the ultimate load. They also indicate that the model frame has better ductility, and the ratio of the ultimate displacement to the yielding displacement, reaches 6.0. The yielding process of the model frame shows that for the frame with split columns, plastic hinges are generated at the ends of beams and then the columns begin yielding while the frame still possesses the bearing and deformation capacity. The design idea of directly changing the short column to long one in the reinforced concrete frame may be realized by replacing the short column with the split one.

Prediction of Axial Capacity of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubes Using Neural Networks

The application of artificial neural network to predict the ultimate bearing capacity of CFST （ concrete-filled square steel tubes） short columns under axial loading is explored. Input parameters consiste of concrete compressive strength, yield strength of steel tube, confinement index, sectional dimension and width-to-thickness ratio. The ultimate bearing capacity is the only output parameter. A multilayer feedforward neural network is used to describe the nonlinear relationships between the input and output variables. Fifty-five experimental data of CFST short columns under axial loading are used to train and test the neural network. A comparison between the neural network model and three parameter models shows that the neural network model possesses good accuracy and could be a practical method for predicting the ultimate strength of axially loaded CFST short columns.

高强钢管超高性能混凝土短柱轴压承载力性能试验研究

为研究高强钢管内填超高性能混凝土(UHPC)的钢管混凝土短柱轴压性能,该文设计22根高强钢管UHPC短柱进行轴压试验,从破坏模式、荷载-纵向应变关系对试件的轴压性能进行对比分析,旨在通过径厚比、混凝土强度、截面类型等变化来探究高强钢管UHPC短柱的实际承载力性能差异.试验结果表明:高强钢管UHPC短柱的轴压性能受径厚比、混凝土强度影响较大;试件承载力随钢管壁厚增加而增加,但相同钢管直径和不同钢管直径增幅呈现不同规律.该文从延性、核心混凝土强度提高程度两个角度进行分析并提出高强钢管混凝土试件的相关参数设计建议.最后,将高强钢管UHPC短柱的轴压试验承载力结果与国内外规范GB 50936—2014、AIJ计算承载力结果进行对比,并基于极限平衡理论推导出高强圆钢管UHPC试件的轴压承载力计算公式,同时结合该文试验数据对其进行验证,证明了公式的准确性.

纤维织物增强高延性混凝土加固RC短柱抗剪性能试验研究

为研究纤维织物增强高延性混凝土(TR-HDC)加固钢筋混凝土短柱的抗剪性能,设计了6根钢筋混凝土柱,包括2个对比柱和4个TR-HDC加固柱.通过低周反复荷载试验,对比分析剪跨比、纤维织物层数对试件破坏形态、变形、承载力和耗能能力的影响.结果表明:采用TR-HDC加固钢筋混凝土短柱,可显著提高其抗剪承载力;TR-HDC与原混凝土柱协同工作性能良好,加固后的混凝土柱的变形、承载力和耗能能力明显提高;增加纤维织物的层数对钢筋混凝土短柱的抗剪承载力提高幅度较小,但可大幅增强柱的耗能和变形能力;剪跨比较大时,更有利于发挥TR-HDC加固材料的力学性能.基于桁架-拱模型,提出TR-HDC加固钢筋混凝土短柱的抗剪承载力计算方法,计算结果较准确.

薄壁圆钢管约束陶粒混凝土短柱偏心受压性能试验

在满足承载力要求的前提下,薄壁钢管约束陶粒混凝土可进一步减轻构件自重,节省用钢量.为研究其偏心受压性能,以陶粒混凝土强度等级、钢管壁厚、偏心距为变化参数,对12根薄壁钢管约束陶粒混凝土短柱进行单调静力加载试验,观测其破坏形态、承载力、侧向挠度、钢管应变.试验结果表明:所有试件均为弹塑性破坏,钢管屈服,具有良好的延性;随偏心距的增大,试件的极限承载力降低;增大钢管壁厚可有效提高试件的延性和极限承载力;随陶粒混凝土强度的增大,试件的极限承载力增大,但延性降低;钢管壁厚与陶粒混凝土强度等级存在匹配性;薄壁钢管约束可大幅提高陶粒混凝土短柱的偏压承载力.基于试验结果,以中、美、英相关规范的公式估算各试件的偏压承载力,发现CECS 28:2012《钢管混凝土结构技术规程》的误差最小,建议作为薄壁钢管约束陶粒混凝土柱压弯承载力的预测公式.

高强型钢超高性能混凝土短柱轴压性能试验及其有限元分析

为研究高强型钢超高性能混凝土短柱的轴压性能,对试件进行了轴心受压试验,设计参数包括配钢率、箍筋间距和箍筋形式。观察了试件的轴压破坏过程,获得了破坏形态及轴向荷载-位移曲线,分析了承载能力、变形能力、刚度等轴压性能指标,以及超高性能混凝土、纵筋、箍筋和型钢的应变发展规律。在试验研究基础上,采用ABAQUS建立了高强型钢超高性能混凝土短柱轴压性能有限元分析模型,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,进而进行了参数分析。结果表明:试件发生的是典型轴压破坏,中部表面出现“锯齿形”裂缝;轴向荷载-位移曲线会出现2次荷载峰值;箍筋间距减小时,试件的承载能力和变形能力均提高,但刚度退化速率没有显著变化;配钢率增大时,试件的承载能力提高,变形能力先增大后减小,刚度退化变缓;型钢强度增大时,试件的承载能力和变形能力均提高,提高速度先快后慢;超高性能混凝土抗压强度增大时,试件的承载能力提高,变形能力降低;超高性能混凝土受拉能够达到峰值应变;纵筋在极限点之前发生受压屈服;箍筋在极限点时应变不足屈服应变的1/3,但在破坏点前达到受拉屈服;型钢翼缘在极限点前后发生屈服,腹板屈服晚于翼缘。

圆钢管超高性能混凝土短柱偏压力学性能研究

为研究钢管超高性能混凝土短柱的偏压性能,以荷载偏心率和钢管径厚比为变化参数,设计了12个圆钢管UHPC短柱试件并对其进行偏心受压加载试验,分析了该类构件的破坏模式、荷载-挠度曲线、钢管应变和变形系数等,考察了主要因素对短柱偏压性能的影响规律。结果表明:试件的破坏特征为钢管屈服和核心混凝土压坏;荷载-挠度曲线有较明显的峰值点,偏心率越大和径厚比越小,曲线的下降段越平缓;达到60%峰值荷载时,钢管开始产生明显的约束作用,达到90%峰值荷载时,截面变形不再符合平截面假定;偏心率增大使试件的承载力和刚度下降,而径厚比减小可降低这种不利影响。在试验基础上,结合数值模拟对短柱的N-M曲线进行分析,建立了临界偏心率和套箍系数的关系表达式,并基于此提出短柱偏压承载力实用计算方法,理论与试验结果吻合较好。

Axial compression tests and numerical simulation of steel reinforced recycled concrete short columns confined by carbon fiber reinforced plastics strips

To research the axial compression behavior of steel reinforced recycled concrete(SRRC)short columns confined by carbon fiber reinforced plastics(CFRP)strips,nine scaled specimens of SRRC short columns were fabricated and tested under axial compression loading.Subsequently,the failure process and failure modes were observed,and load-displacement curves as well as the strain of various materials were analyzed.The effects on the substitution percentage of recycled coarse aggregate(RCA),width of CFRP strips,spacing of CFRP strips and strength of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)on the axial compression properties of columns were also analyzed in the experimental investigation.Furthermore,the finite element model of columns which can consider the adverse influence of RCA and the constraint effect of CFRP strips was founded by ABAQUS software and the nonlinear parameter analysis of columns was also implemented in this study.The results show that the first to reach the yield state was the profile steel in the columns,then the longitudinal rebars and stirrups yielded successively,and finally RAC was crushed as well as the CFRP strips was also broken.The replacement rate of RCA has little effect on the columns,and with the substitution rate of RCA from 0 to 100%,the bearing capacity of columns decreased by only 4.8%.Increasing the CFRP strips width or decreasing the CFRP strips spacing could enhance the axial bearing capacity of columns,the maximum increase was 10.5%or 11.4%,and the ductility of columns was significantly enhanced.Obviously,CFRP strips are conducive to enhance the axial bearing capacity and deformation capacity of columns.On this basis,considering the restraint effect of CFRP strips and the adverse effects of RCA,the revised formulas for calculating the axial bearing capacity of SRRC short columns confined by CFRP strips were proposed.

预应力薄壁圆钢管约束混凝土短柱轴压性能初探

为提高薄壁钢管混凝土柱轴心受压性能,提出了预应力薄壁圆钢管约束混凝土柱,即采用对拉螺栓对薄壁圆钢管施加环向预应力,形成对内部混凝土初始约束围压,以提高内部混凝土的轴心抗压强度及承载力性能。为探究其轴向受压性能提升效果,进行了预应力薄壁圆钢管约束混凝土短柱轴心受压试验;并采用ABAQUS有限元计算软件建立了相应的非线性有限元数值模型,基于试验所获得荷载-位移数据,验证了模型的可靠性。在合理可靠试验模型的基础上,进行了不同预应力度(k=0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4和0.5)和不同钢管厚度(t=1.5mm、2.0mm、2.5mm和3.0mm)情况下的轴心受压性能影响分析。结果表明:采用对拉螺栓对薄壁圆钢管混凝土柱施加环向预应力,可有效提高其轴心抗压强度、刚度和延性;在合适预应力范围内,预应力度(k=0~0.4)越大,预应力薄壁钢约束混凝土短柱轴心受压性能提升越明显;但较大的预应力度(k=0.5)会让构件在达到峰值荷载后,其承载力降低较为明显,从而使构件延性降低;当预应力度k不变,构件的轴心受压性能随钢管厚度t的增大而增大。

带对穿螺栓矩形钢管混凝土短柱轴压承载力计算方法研究

设置对穿螺栓可以提高钢管混凝土短柱的力学性能,以试件同参数的ANSYS模型为原始算例,研究对穿螺栓的直径和纵向间距、套箍系数、宽厚比、长宽比、材料强度等参数对其轴压力学性能的影响。结果表明:设置对穿螺栓可以提高钢管对核心混凝土的约束效应,核心混凝土的应力分布表现为以对穿螺栓为分界线形成两个有效约束区,且四个角部的应力值最大;随着对穿螺栓纵向间距的减小、直径的增大,试件的承载力、变形能力、延性提高;试件承载力可随着套箍系数的增加、宽厚比的减小、材料强度的增强有小幅度提高。提出带对穿螺栓矩形钢管混凝土短柱的轴压承载力的计算方法,得到的计算值和试验值吻合良好,该方法还同样适用于带约束拉杆矩形钢管混凝土短柱承载力计算,计算过程简便且准确度高。

带肋方钢管混凝土轴压短柱承载性能有限元分析

带肋方钢管混凝土是一种具有卓越性能被广泛应用的结构材料。使用ABAQUS有限元软件,对方钢管混凝土短柱进行了有限元分析,得出了方钢管混凝土短柱在轴向压力下的荷载-位移全过程关系曲线。增加加劲肋的设计,可以有效提高方钢管混凝土短柱的承载能力;随着加劲肋个数和钢管厚度的增加,构件的极限承载力也得到了提高。

考虑有效混凝土强度的中空夹层钢管混凝土短柱轴压性能研究

随着混凝土强度的提高,因为混凝土的脆性导致其强度折减而降低利用效率。然而,现存的中空夹层钢管混凝土(CFDST)柱数值分析模型并没有考虑混凝土强度的折减效应,导致这些模型在分析高强度混凝土填充CFDST柱的性能时出现较大的离散性,从而影响实际工程设计。为了更加有效和准确地分析CFDST柱的力学性能,建立了考虑有效混凝土强度的CFDST轴压短柱纤维单元分析模型,同时,一个考虑混凝土脆性对混凝土强度影响的强度折减系数被引入在该模型中。进一步,通过对比笔者前期试验结果和收集的试验数据,以及现有的纤维单元分析模型,验证了该文提出的纤维单元分析模型具有较高的预测精度。基于验证的纤维单元分析模型,研究了各柱的参数对CFDST柱轴压性能的影响,结果发现:混凝土强度、空心率、外钢管屈服强度和外(内)钢管径厚比影响CFDST柱的承载力和延性,而内钢管屈服强度仅影响CFDST柱的承载力而对延性几乎没有影响。最后,基于试验和数值分析结果,提出了CFDST柱轴压承载力计算公式,并与试验和数值结果吻合较好。

预应力钢筒超高性能混凝土管套箍混凝土短柱的抗压性能研究

跨海大桥面临着严峻的耐久性问题,尤其是混凝土桥墩。提出以围套的形式保护海洋工程桥墩混凝土柱防止海水侵蚀,在钢管外壁设置剪力钉,然后浇筑超高性能混凝土(UHPC),并缠绕预应力钢丝,最后浇筑UHPC,形成预应力钢筒超高性能混凝土管(PUCCP)。制备了PUCCP套箍混凝土柱,并对其进行了抗压试验,并与素混凝土柱和UHPC套箍混凝土柱进行对比。此外,分析了PUCCP中预应力大小对PUCCP套箍混凝土柱抗压性能的影响。试验结果表明:相比素混凝土柱和UHPC套箍混凝土柱,PUCCP套箍可显著提高混凝土柱的抗压强度,且随着预应力的增加,混凝土柱的抗压强度相应增加;PUCCP套箍能对混凝土柱提供比UHPC套箍更充分的侧向约束,以实现应变硬化行为,从而显著提高混凝土柱的初始刚度和延性。

异形多腔钢管混凝土分叉短柱抗震性能试验及数值计算

针对某超高层巨型框架结构中异形截面多腔钢管混凝土(concrete-filled steel tube, CFT)分叉柱,为研究截面加强构造对分叉短柱抗震性能的影响,进行了4个试件在竖向轴压力及水平往复两次的低周反复荷载下的抗震性能试验研究,试件上部为五边形四腔体钢管混凝土双柱肢,下部为八边形十三腔体钢管混凝土单柱肢,以此形成分叉柱;研究的截面构造包括四种:基本构造,钢管钢板整体加厚构造,距中和轴较远的钢管角部钢板内表面贴焊等肢角钢的局部钢板加厚构造,距中和轴较远的钢管腔体内置圆钢管构造。基于试验结果及截面构造特点,进行了数值计算。试验及数值计算结果表明:异形截面多腔钢管混凝土分叉短柱的破坏主要发生在上柱根部分叉截面处,表现为距离中性轴较远处的钢板撕裂以及局部焊缝开裂引起的整块钢板撕裂;内置圆钢管的加强构造承载力提高7.6%、变形能力提高14.4%,综合耗能能力最强,局部钢板加强构造承载力提高9.2%、变形能力下降18.7%,钢管钢板整体加厚构造承载力略有提高、但变形能力下降较多;提出的异形多腔钢管混凝土柱简化建模方法计算效率较高,精度满足工程设计要求。

方钢管超轻混凝土短柱轴压性能试验研究

对16个方钢管超轻混凝土短柱和8个空钢管短柱进行了轴压试验,以超轻混凝土强度和含钢率为变化参数,研究方钢管超轻混凝土短柱的破坏形态和受力性能。结果表明,随着超轻混凝土强度的降低,钢管对核心混凝土的约束效应越强;随着含钢率的增加,构件的承载力和变形能力提高,但当含钢率高于0.25时,超轻混凝土的存在对构件的承载力和变形能力已基本没有影响。基于叠加理论,提出了适用于方钢管超轻混凝土短柱承载力的计算公式。