Overall Selection Design Based on the Mega Highway Bridge Project

In the continuous development of the modern highway and bridge engineering industry,the reasonable selection of mega highway bridges and their design is crucial.Based on this,this paper takes the actual bridge project as an example,and analyses the overall selection design of such highway bridges,including the basic overview of the project,the basic selection principle of mega highway bridge project structure and its design strategy,etc.,to provide scientific reference for its selection design.

Landscape Plants Selection and Design in the Peony Garden of Xibaipo

Peony is a traditional famous flower in China.With the peony garden of Xibaipo as an example,the landscaping planning of functional divisions,the selection and design of landscaping plants for the peony garden are introduced in this study,then the landscaping plants selection and design principles are summarized.

Extractive distillation: Advances in conceptual design, solvent selection,and separation strategies

Extractive distillation(ED) is one of the most promising approaches for the separation of the azeotropic or closeboiling mixtures in the chemical industry. The purpose of this paper is to provide a broad overview of the recent development of key aspects in the ED process involving conceptual design, solvent selection, and separation strategies. To obtain the minimum entrainer feed flow rate and reflux ratio for the ED process, the conceptual design of azeotropic mixture separation based on a topological analysis via thermodynamic feasibility insights involving residue curve maps, univolatility lines, and unidistribution curves is presented. The method is applicable to arbitrary multicomponent mixtures and allows direct screening of design alternatives. The determination of a suitable solvent is one of the key steps to ensure an effective and economical ED process. Candidate entrainers can be obtained from heuristics or literature studies while computer aided molecular design(CAMD) has superiority in efficiency and reliability. To achieve optimized extractive distillation systems, a brief review of evaluation method for both entrainer design and selection through CAMD is presented. Extractive distillation can be operated either in continuous extractive distillation(CED) or batch extractive distillation(BED), and both modes have been well-studied depending on the advantages in flexibility and low capital costs. To improve the energy efficiency, several configurations and technological alternatives can be used for both CED and BED depending on strategies and main azeotropic feeds. The challenge and chance of the further ED development involving screening the best potential solvents and exploring the energy-intensive separation strategies are discussed aiming at promoting the industrial application of this environmentally friendly separation technique.

On the design and selection of vehicle coordination policies for underground mine production ramps

Traffic management in underground mines,especially on production ramps,is a difficult problem to optimize and control.Most operations use one of a few common policies;e.g.,the so-called ‘‘lock-out" and‘‘loaded-vehicle-priority" policies.The work presented in this paper uses discrete-event simulation to study the efficiency of multiple policies.Based on simulation results,an improvement to the common lock-out policy is proposed.This new policy utilizes the rules of the lock-out policy but integrates an option that allows a group of vehicles to be given temporary priority in a certain direction of travel.Quantitative results are provided and,based on these,a systematic technique for ramp design that aims to optimize the efficiency of underground mine ramp traffic flow is described.

Logical Framework,Path Selection and Mechanism Design for Cultivation of New Type Professional Farmers

New type professional farmers are farmers who possess certain resources and capitals,have certain extent of spirit of entrepreneurship,and are fully capable of obtaining and allocating resources related to agricultural production and management,and engaged in agricultural production and management for obtaining average profit.Cultivation of new type professional farmers should be promoted in the process and at the background of"coordinated development of industrialization,informationization,urbanization and agricultural modernization".It should establish a proper cultivation subject system consisting of government,enterprises,rural communities and nonprofit organizations.Relying on multiple motive forces,efforts should be concentrated on cultivating those farmers with enterprising,highly innovative and learning ability,to guide traditional farmers to change into learning,enterprising and innovative ones.In addition,cultivation of new type professional farmers must rely on farmer education and training,modern agricultural development,increase in agricultural comparative advantage,innovation of rural management system and mechanism,multiple types of agricultural operation on a fairly large scale,as well as construction and regulation of new rural communities.Finally,it is recommended to provide system guarantee from long-term input mechanism of new type professional farmer education and training,incentive and restrictive mechanism of new type professional farmer cultivation,and construction of favorable environment for agricultural entrepreneurship.

Optimal Selection Model of Equipment Design Scheme Based on Set Pair Analysis

Selecting the optimal one from similar schemes is a paramount work in equipment design.In consideration of similarity of schemes and repetition of characteristic indices,the theory of set pair analysis(SPA)is proposed,and then an optimal selection model is established.In order to improve the accuracy and flexibility,the model is modified by the contribution degree.At last,this model has been validated by an example,and the result demonstrates the method is feasible and valuable for practical usage.

Bayesian Variable Selection for Mixture Process Variable Design Experiment

This paper discussed Bayesian variable selection methods for models from split-plot mixture designs using samples from Metropolis-Hastings within the Gibbs sampling algorithm. Bayesian variable selection is easy to implement due to the improvement in computing via MCMC sampling. We described the Bayesian methodology by introducing the Bayesian framework, and explaining Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling. The Metropolis-Hastings within Gibbs sampling was used to draw dependent samples from the full conditional distributions which were explained. In mixture experiments with process variables, the response depends not only on the proportions of the mixture components but also on the effects of the process variables. In many such mixture-process variable experiments, constraints such as time or cost prohibit the selection of treatments completely at random. In these situations, restrictions on the randomisation force the level combinations of one group of factors to be fixed and the combinations of the other group of factors are run. Then a new level of the first-factor group is set and combinations of the other factors are run. We discussed the computational algorithm for the Stochastic Search Variable Selection (SSVS) in linear mixed models. We extended the computational algorithm of SSVS to fit models from split-plot mixture design by introducing the algorithm of the Stochastic Search Variable Selection for Split-plot Design (SSVS-SPD). The motivation of this extension is that we have two different levels of the experimental units, one for the whole plots and the other for subplots in the split-plot mixture design.

Variable Selection in Randomized Block Design Experiment

In the experimental field, researchers need very often to select the best subset model as well as reach the best model estimation simultaneously. Selecting the best subset of variables will improve the prediction accuracy as noninformative variables will be removed. Having a model with high prediction accuracy allows the researchers to use the model for future forecasting. In this paper, we investigate the differences between various variable selection methods. The aim is to compare the analysis of the frequentist methodology (the backward elimination), penalised shrinkage method (the Adaptive LASSO) and the Least Angle Regression (LARS) for selecting the active variables for data produced by the blocked design experiment. The result of the comparative study supports the utilization of the LARS method for statistical analysis of data from blocked experiments.

设计单位牵头下全过程工程咨询联合体成员选择研究

联合体成员的选择是影响联合体模式下全过程工程咨询项目成功的关键因素。从设计单位牵头的视角出发,首先,基于全过程工程咨询联合体能力需求分析,构建全过程工程咨询联合体成员选择指标体系;其次,运用灰色关联与TOPSIS相结合的方法,构建联合体成员选择决策模型;最后,通过算例分析,验证该优选决策指标体系和模型具有实际应用价值,可为牵头单位选择合适的联合体备选成员提供科学有效的决策依据。

面向处理器微架构设计空间探索的加速方法综述

中央处理器是目前最重要的算力基础设施.为了最大化收益,架构师在设计处理器微架构时需要权衡性能、功耗、面积等多个目标.但处理器运行负载的指令多,单个微架构设计点的评估耗时从10 min到数十小时不等.加之微架构设计空间巨大,全设计空间暴力搜索难以实现.近些年来许多机器学习辅助的设计空间探索加速方法被提出,以减少需要探索的设计空间或加速设计点的评估,但缺少对加速方法的全面调研和系统分类的综述.对处理器微架构设计空间探索的加速方法进行系统总结及分类,包含软件设计空间的负载选择、负载指令的部分模拟、设计点选择、模拟工具、性能模型5类加速方法.对比了各加速方法内文献的异同,覆盖了从软件选择到硬件设计的完整探索流程.最后对该领域的前沿研究方向进行了总结,并放眼于未来的发展趋势.

成达万高铁复杂山区段防灾减灾选线设计

复杂山区地质灾害易发,防灾减灾需求尤为突出,而高速铁路平面曲线半径大,适应地形和绕避不良地质的灵活性较差,故山区选线矛盾较为突出。为研究复杂山区高速铁路防灾减灾选线方法,在借鉴西南山区其他铁路成功选线经验基础上,根据成达万高铁工程特点,梳理区域地质灾害识别思路,对比分析绕避和低风险通过的线路方案,结合防灾减灾选线的案例,总结平行岭谷岩溶区段地质选线原则,并合理利用桥隧等工程措施提升防灾能力。通过调查、案例分析和比较研究等方法,归纳出“一绕、二降、三强化”防灾减灾总体设计原则,总结出“消灾源、控灾频”的全生命周期预防措施。该研究拓展了复杂山区铁路防灾减灾设计思路,为高速铁路防灾减灾选线设计提供经验。

光热发电熔盐调节阀解决方案探析

光热发电是目前较为热门的新能源方向,目前在国家大力发展的背景下,大批企业投入其中。进口品牌因其发展较早,经验相对丰富,易获得用户信任,从而抑制国产品牌的发展;其中,最重要的工程应用经验成为多数企业难以跨越的障碍。本文从对行业了解及应用经验角度,探析了光热发电行业熔盐调节阀的解决方案设计,主要从材料选择、主体结构设计、特殊应用设计三个方向进行深入分析,提出多个方面的熔盐调节阀设计注意事项及成功的应用经验,为行业发展提供可靠参考。

Differences in transportation and leisure physical activity by neighborhood design controlling for residential choice

Background:Cross-sectional studies provide useful insight about the associations between the built environment and physical activity(PA),particularly when reasons for neighborhood choice are considered.Our study analyzed the relationship between levels of weekly transportation and leisure PA among 3 neighborhood designs,statistically adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and reasons for neighborhood choice.Methods:A stratified random sample of adults(age>20 years)living in Calgary(Canada)neighborhoods with different neighborhood designs(grid,warped-grid,and curvilinear)and socioeconomic status completed a self-administered questionnaire capturing PA,sociodemographic characteristics,and reasons for neighborhood choice(response rate=10.1%;n=1023).Generalized linear models estimated associations between neighborhood design and transportation and leisure PA outcomes(participation(any vs.none)and volume(metabolic equivalent:h/week)),adjusting for neighborhood socioeconomic status,sociodemographic characteristics(gender,age,ethnicity,education,household income,marital status,children,vehicle access,dog ownership,and injury),and reasons for neighborhood choice(e.g.,proximity and quality of recreational and utilitarian destinations,proximity to work,highway access,aesthetics,and sense of community).Results:Overall,854 participants had resided in their neighborhood for at least 12 months and provided complete data.Compared with those living in curvilinear neighborhoods,grid neighborhood participants had greater odds(p<0.05)of participating in any transportation walking(odds ratio(OR)=2.17),transportation and leisure cycling(OR=2.39 and OR=1.70),active transportation(OR=2.16),and high-intensity leisure PA(≥6 metabolic equivalent;OR=1.74),respectively.There were no neighborhood differences in the volume of any transportation or leisure PA undertaken.Adjustment for neighborhood selection had minimal impact on the statistical or practical importance of model estimates.Conclusion:Neighborhood design is associated with PA patterns in adults,independent of reasons for neighborhood choice and sociodemogranhic factors.

Design Capability Identify under Asymmetric Information

Under the condition of asymmetric information,the Spence 's Job Market Signaling Model is generally applied to inspect the design capability of a designer and his labor and efforts to be invested; however,since the"prior probability"and "posterior probability"have great uncertainties,the practical effect of this model is poor. On the basis of analyzing reverse selection questions,this paper provides a design capability screening model,which can make a designer automatically expose his hidden information so that necessary actions can be taken as required by the owner to realize risk sharing. A calculation example is finally given to demonstrate that the new model is helpful for an owner to select a designer with high professional level and to lead the designer to work hard,so it is of significant application value.

A Design Modification Approach to Utilize the Benefits of Metal Additive Manufacturing Adoption

Existing Metal Additive Manufacturing processes are fast approaching a matured stage in which a wide range of possibilities are available for the incorporation of the rapid fabrication technology to current industrial practices. In terms of design conventions, the limitless geometrical freedom allows complex structures including cellular internal grids and lattices to be formed without additional tooling. Repair parts and leveraging components can also be produced on demand when required especially for military assets where large volume of inventory is constantly maintained to ensure operational readiness. In this exemplary work, a feasibility study on using stainless steel material with integrated cellular design to manufacture a guide bracket found on a military vehicle via Selective Laser Melting process was conducted. The results showed appreciably better mechanical performance in using a stainless steel honeycomb as compared to the aluminum alloy used for the original component together with a faster production route through SLM.

三星堆古蜀文化遗址博物馆大型螺旋坡道结构设计与分析

三星堆古蜀文化遗址博物馆中庭的螺旋坡道采用钢箱梁结构体系,最大半径28.7m,水平投影长度118.5m。介绍了大型螺旋坡道结构体系选型和边界条件的对比过程,采用通用计算软件MIDAS Gen建立多尺度整体模型考虑螺旋坡道和主体结构的相互作用,通过静力分析和反应谱分析考察螺旋坡道在不同荷载作用下的承载能力和变形,并采用有限元软件ANSYS建立分析模型进行连续倒塌分析。结果表明,螺旋坡道采用钢箱梁结构具有较好的整体刚度,静力荷载和地震作用下坡道的应力和变形均满足规范要求,并具有较好的抗连续倒塌能力。

Optimization of Selecting Air Conditioning Cold/Heat Sources with Grey Relation Analysis

Selection of air conditioning（AC） cold/heat sources generally concerns about certain aspects and cannot reveal the whole profile of the problems. Grey relation analysis （GRA） is a data processing method to categorize the correlation extent of compared sequences and a certain reference sequence in a system with uncertain information. It is applied to evaluating and selecting AC cold/heat sources from four main aspects, which are technology, economy, reliability, and operation and management. Case study shows that the result for selecting AC cold/heat sources with the GRA method can be more reasonable and convincible. Thus it offers a new approach for designers in heating, ventilating and air conditioning field to compare and evaluate different AC cold/heat sou rces.

基于改进的NSGA-Ⅱ算法的三维扇区自动划设

针对人工划分空域扇区耗时长且难以比较不同扇区划分方案优劣的问题,提出改进的快速非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ).以均衡管制员扇区内工作负荷和减少管制员扇区间工作负荷为目标,基于网格-区域块-扇区层级提出三维扇区划分多目标优化模型.为了提高种群的可行解数量、多样性及算法的解算速度,在NSGA-Ⅱ算法中引入适应度评估算子、变概率组合交叉算子和动态变异算子.对西安高空空域进行三维扇区自动划设的仿真模拟.结果表明,与实际划分构型相比,优化后的方案将扇区内工作负荷均衡性提高了37%,扇区间工作负荷减少了24%;与传统的加权多目标优化算法相比,基于改进的NSGA-Ⅱ算法得到的扇区划分方案可以为不同偏好的决策者提供更广泛的选择.

小转弯曲线隧道TBM选型与掘进姿态调控方法

小转弯隧道施工时全断面隧道掘进机(full-section tunnel boring machine,TBM)的选型设计和掘进姿态控制具有特殊性,目前还缺乏通用的理论依据和指导方法。针对此问题,首先,对传统类型TBM小转弯选型进行研究,结合已有项目数据和几何模拟,确定传统类型TBM能适应的最小转弯半径。然后,对双盾敞开式TBM的推进系统和导向系统进行针对性设计,通过分析双盾敞开式TBM推进系统结构和实际施工,提出转弯时双盾敞开式TBM推进油缸内外侧行程差值的理论计算方法和施工过程中的姿态调控方法。最后,得出如下结论:1)当隧道转弯半径小于200 m时,敞开式TBM适应难度较大,需要采用双盾敞开式TBM;2)结合抚宁抽水蓄能电站项目实际施工情况,提出的双盾敞开式TBM的理论计算方法和姿态调控方法确保了转弯段隧道的轴线偏差在要求范围内。