Research progress and development of deep and ultra-deep drilling fluid technology

The research progress of deep and ultra-deep drilling fluid technology systematically reviewed,the key problems existing are analyzed,and the future development direction is proposed.In view of the high temperature,high pressure and high stress,fracture development,wellbore instability,drilling fluid lost circulation and other problems faced in the process of deep and ultra-deep complex oil and gas drilling,scholars have developed deep and ultra-deep high-temperature and high-salt resistant water-based drilling fluid technology,high-temperature resistant oil-based/synthetic drilling fluid technology,drilling fluid technology for reservoir protection and drilling fluid lost circulation control technology.However,there are still some key problems such as insufficient resistance to high temperature,high pressure and high stress,wellbore instability and serious lost circulation.Therefore,the development direction of deep and ultra-deep drilling fluid technology in the future is proposed:(1)The technology of high-temperature and high-salt resistant water-based drilling fluid should focus on improving high temperature stability,improving rheological properties,strengthening filtration control and improving compatibility with formation.(2)The technology of oil-based/synthetic drilling fluid resistant to high temperature should further study in the aspects of easily degradable environmental protection additives with low toxicity such as high temperature stabilizer,rheological regulator and related supporting technologies.(3)The drilling fluid technology for reservoir protection should be devoted to the development of new high-performance additives and materials,and further improve the real-time monitoring technology by introducing advanced sensor networks and artificial intelligence algorithms.(4)The lost circulation control of drilling fluid should pay more attention to the integration and application of intelligent technology,the research and application of high-performance plugging materials,the exploration of diversified plugging techniques and methods,and the improvement of environmental protection and production safety awareness.

Regional Coordinated Development and Joint Prevention and Control for Environmental Protection in China in the New Era

The three important historical development stages of China from"standing up","getting rich"to"becoming strong"were analyzed deeply.Regional coordinated development policies and strategies have also gone through the"enlightenment stage","development stage"and"mature stage".On this basis,the problems of the coordination of China s regional coordinated development and joint prevention and control for environmental protection in the new era,as well as suggestions for the next step were further analyzed.

Performance Analysis of a Profile Control Agent for Waste Drilling Fluid Treatment

A method for the treatment of hazardous waste drilling fluids,potentially leading to environmental pollution,is considered.The waste drilling fluid is treated with an inorganic flocculant,an organic flocculant,and a pH regulator.The profile control agent consists of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide,formaldehyde,hexamethylenetetramine,resorcinol,phenol,and the treated waste drilling fluid itself.For a waste drilling fluid concentration of 2500 mg/L,the gelling time of the profile control agent is 25 h,and the gelling strength is 32,000 mPa.s.Compared with the profile control agent prepared by recirculated water under the same conditions,the present profile control agent displays better stability,salt-resistance,and performance.

Ecological and Environmental Protection Requirements in China s Regional Coordinated Development Strategy in the New Era

Starting from the historical evolution of China s regional coordinated development policy and practice,three stages of"enlightenment stage","development stage"and"maturity stage",as well as the connotation,characteristics and content of implementing regional coordinated development strategy were analyzed.On this basis,from different aspects of industrial distribution,pollutant characteristics and regional environmental protection policy,the existing ecological and environmental protection problems in China s regional coordinated development in the new era were analyzed,and some suggestions for the next step were put forward.It is necessary to follow the"four ones"concept from the overall point of view,implement"three lines and one list"from the perspective of the width of the access red line,strengthen"joint prevention and control"from the perspective of the depth of regional regulation,deepen the"planning environmental impact assessment"from the perspective of the breadth of industrial distribution,and promote the"green-way model"from the perspective of ecological low carbon.

Weighing the Pros and Cons: Transformation of Angle of View for Three Gorges Dam

Three Gorges Dam Project is the world’s largest water-control and hydraulic-electric project in the 21st century. However, it has been shrouded in controversy since long even before it began construction in 1994. On one hand, the benefits of the Three Gorges Dam are flood control, power generation, navigation, aquaculture, tourism, ecological protection, environmental purification, development-oriented resettlement, transfer of water from southern China to northern China, and water supply and irrigation. On the other hand, the drawbacks of the dam are environmental impact, effect on local culture and aesthetic values, and sedimentation. In an environmental impact point of view, the Three Gorges Dam shows evidence that it has more advantages than disadvantages. Thus, by carefully balancing the pros and cons, one can say that the Three Gorges Dam is an environmentally feasible project.

Numerical Simulation on Oil Spilling of Submarine Pipeline and Its Evolution on Sea Surface

Due to the interaction and corrosion of the seawater,submarine pipelines are easy to be broken to spill oil.The special environment of subsea restricts the technical development of pipeline maintenance.Therefore,the study on the oil spilling model of submarine pipeline is very important for predicting the movement and diffusion of spilled oil,so that oil spilling traces and relating strategies can be determined.This paper aims to establish an oil spilling model of a submarine pipeline,study the movement characteristics of spilled oil in seawater by numerical simulation,and determine the traces,diffusion range,time to sea surface,etc.Then,the maximum horizontal migration distance(MHMD)with corresponding time are analyzed under different oil densities,spilling speeds and seawater velocities.Results show that the MHMD decreases first and then increases while the time to achieve the MHMD increases along with increasing oil density.The MHMD increases while the time to achieve the MHMD decreases,along with increasing spilling speed.Both the MHMD and corresponding time increase along with increasing seawater velocity.Based on numerical results,a correlation of spilling distance and spilling time is proposed to give fast and accurate predictions.After the oil reaches sea surface,oil expansion and transport are simulated.Euler-Lagrange method is used in the simulation.Dynamic and non-dynamic factors are considered.Results show that wind velocity and water velocity are dominant in dynamic factors.When they are large,spilled oil moves very fast with variable directions in complex flow field.Nondynamic factors such as evaporation,emulsion and solution mainly reduce the volume of oil film.They almost do not affect the direction and displacement of spilled oil.Quick response should be made for large wind and water velocities when the placement of oil boom is given.With the correlation and simulation,emergency responses can be guided effectively to reduce the impact of submarine oil pollution.The computational results benefit pollution control and environmental protection in marine petroleum engineering.

Theoretical and experimental assessment of a novel method to establish the complete measurement range of the calorimeter and its limit of detection and quantification

For determining the accuracy of a calorimeter over the instrument’s entire measuring range,a novel method has been established.For this new approach,(a)benzoic acid(C_(6)H_(5)CO_(2)H) as a certified reference material(CRM),(b)SiO_(2) and(c)a mixture of CRM benzoic acid and SiO_(2) have been used.To illustrate the essential difference between 1)the novel analytical method for control of the entire measurement range and 2)the calorimeter calibration,both applications of benzoic acid(BA)have been demonstrated.An experimental result showed that BA was successfully used to check the whole calorimeter measurement range.The results also showed that the same new method was successfully applied to determine the limit of detection and quantification.A new instrument testing process and a new measurement technique have thus been established.In this way,the cost of using CRM to control the accuracy of measuring the entire measuring range of the calorimeter,as shown in this paper,is minimized.The requirements of the ISO/IEC 17025:2017 standard are satisfied.ISO/IEC 17025:2017,together with ISO 9001:2015(quality management systems),ISO 14001:2015(relate to environmental protection)and ISO45001:2018(occupational safety),constitute an integrated quality system by which a testing laboratory may also accredit.

Implementing a Rainwater Sustainable Control in SaheI-Feedback from ＂Niayes＂ Zone of Dakar

Dakar area landscape is mainly characterized by the existence of the ＂niaye＂-or agricultural depressions located in the sand dunes system. In these depressions, the top-table of quaternary sand groundwater reaches or overflows the soil surface. Because of a recent groundwater level drop, some of the niayes have become runoff-gathering sites. This water ensures various economical, environmental and social services, i.e. urban agriculture, drinking water supply of Dakar and formation of ecosystems supporting biodiversity. Given that rainwater infiltration is the only natural ＂input＂, conception and implemention of rainwater management PPP （Politics, Plan and Program） must necessarily take into account this interrelationl Nowadays, two acute problems are observed in the Dakar area. On the one hand, the niayes are threatened by a hydrological drying process due to the insufficiency of rainwater refill. On the other hand, the dramatic social pressure on the environment has led to the urbanization of these bottom-lands. Furthermore, because of the pluviometry decrease, a worsening of the nuisances （floods and malaria） related to surface waters occurs. Consequently, an appropriate runoff management should integrate both the ＂risk＂ and ＂resource＂ dimensions, thus allowing the protection of natural resources and a secure living environment. According to the limits of＂classicai＂ solutions, this paper provides approach elements for building a sustainability plan focusing on emergent concerns, which would control rainwater in urbanized zones.

Environmental Protection During the Oilfield Exploitation in China

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浅谈盘锦稻区土壤环境的监测、保护与治理

总结近年来盘锦稻区土壤环境监测工作的部分情况,简述稻区土壤环境监测工作的意义,介绍盘锦稻区土壤环境保护、监管与治理的相关进展,并提出强化土肥基础工作、拓宽监测范围、完善数据资料、加强环境监管、强化污染治理、加强相关培训与宣传等建议。

纵向监管、地方选择性供地与产业结构绿色转型

地方政府的有效执行是中国式分权下提升中央发展战略实施绩效的关键,而中央政府对地方政府治理行为的有效监督则是其中至关重要的环节。本文基于2007—2019年中国微观工业用地供应以及中央环保督察的通报结果数据,采用广义双重差分法实证考察中央环保督察对地方政府选择性供地策略的影响及其机制。研究表明,中央环保督察促使地方政府降低污染密集型工业用地供应,增加清洁型工业用地供应,从而推动地区产业结构的绿色转型。机制分析发现,中央环保督察通过地方领导人职业发展激励机制以及产业转型能力机制对不同特征的城市工业土地供应结构策略产生异质性影响。本文结论对高质量发展背景下的央地互动关系与地方利用土地偏向性供给推动产业结构绿色转型具有政策启示。

武汉协和医院质子医学中心结构设计及关键问题

武汉协和医院质子医学中心的建设对结构专业设计提出了特殊要求。详细介绍了项目概况、设计条件,阐述了基础与地下室以及上部结构的设计要点,包括桩基选型、结构分缝、结构方案、大跨等特殊部位处理方法等。针对质子区结构设计,重点论述了沉降控制、振动控制、辐射防护、吊装孔设计等关键问题。设计时通过合理设置结构缝、优化桩基础设计、采用大厚度墙板和重密度混凝土、设计特殊预制梁等措施,较好地解决了上述问题;并运用环境调研、数值模拟、现场实测等方法,取得了良好的效果;结构设计能够满足质子医院的建筑功能需求和特殊工艺要求。

全球气温控制与企业投资效率——基于《巴黎协定》的准自然实验

本文以2015年12月12日巴黎气候大会通过《巴黎协定》为准自然实验,采用双重差分法,实证检验了全球气温控制对企业投资效率的影响。研究发现,相比非能源行业企业,能源行业企业的投资效率在设置2℃的全球平均气温上升幅度上限之后显著提高,并且主要表现为投资不足问题的缓解。这一现象在全球气温控制后公司生产经营活力提高、资金支持更多和社会责任表现更好的样本中更加显著。当企业受到更加严格的环境监管时,全球气温控制对能源行业企业投资效率的影响更加显著;能源行业企业投资效率的提高确实来自全球气温控制而非来自能源公司原本对环保问题的关注;地区升温污染物排放水平较高时,能源公司更需要通过提高投资效率来增加环保投资。进一步研究发现,能源行业企业提高投资效率可以显著增加公司的环保投资总额。本文直接检验了全球气温控制是否促进企业提高投资效率,进而促进它们增加环保投资,具有重要的理论和政策含义。

奶牛热应激调控措施研究进展

随着奶牛养殖业趋向集约化和全球变暖日益加剧,热应激成为制约奶牛生产性能提高的重要因素之一,对奶牛的泌乳性能、机体健康和繁殖性能等造成了严重危害。因此,如何缓解热应激对奶牛生产的影响受到了普遍关注。本文通过整理近年来相关研究,从牛舍、日粮和遗传育种等角度论述了降低奶牛热应激影响的具体措施,以期为奶牛的健康养殖提供参考。

混合所有制改革能促进企业绿色技术创新吗?——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

在既定的资源约束下,不同类型企业开展绿色技术创新的战略意愿与动力明显不同,因此从混合所有制改革的视角深入剖析如何提升企业绿色技术创新意愿与动力成为重要研究议题。该研究以2013—2020年中国沪深A股上市公司为实证研究样本,考察了混合所有制改革对企业绿色技术创新的影响及其内在机理。研究结果表明:(1)混合所有制改革显著促进了企业绿色技术创新,在考虑稳健性检验和内生性问题后研究结论依然成立。(2)内在机制检验结果表明,混合所有制改革主要通过强化内部控制水平、提高企业社会责任表现、促进企业环保投入的三重机制促进企业绿色技术创新,即混合所有制改革对企业绿色技术创新具有公司治理效应、利益相关方价值效应和资源配置效应。(3)异质性分析表明,在低市场化程度地区、竞争强度更大行业和环保敏感度更高行业中,混合所有制改革对企业绿色技术创新的促进效应更为明显。(4)进一步分析表明,非国有企业混合所有制改革对企业绿色技术创新的促进效应更为明显,且经济后果检验结果表明,混合所有制改革能够通过促进企业绿色技术创新最终提高企业财务绩效。该研究为深入推进混合所有制改革的绿色价值效应提供了经验证据,也为分类推进不同类型企业的混合所有制改革以促进企业绿色技术创新提供理论参考。

西安至十堰高速铁路环保选线研究

西安至十堰高速铁路西安至商洛段穿越秦岭高中山区,郧西至十堰段跨越汉江,具有沿线地形起伏大、地质条件复杂、环境敏感区域密集、生物多样性丰富、水环境保护要求严格等特点,保护秦岭及汉江流域的生态环境成为西十高铁建设中需要考虑的重要因素。通过采取GIS+BIM的技术手段,制作区域环境敏感区图层,搭建多维度区域生态保护目标空间分布及管控范围的环保选线平台,结合工程技术条件开展各方案的环境可行性及环境影响程度的综合比选,从而得出对环境影响最小的线路方案,为设计选线及控制工程方案决策提供有力支撑。研究结果表明,通过先期开展敏感区路段环境影响专题论证,可进一步优化工程选线及工程形式,保障项目依法合规。

深层超深层钻井液技术研究进展与展望

系统论述目前国内外深层超深层钻井液技术研究进展,分析存在的关键问题并提出未来发展方向。针对深层超深层复杂油气层钻井过程中面临的高温高压高应力、裂缝发育、井壁失稳、钻井液漏失等问题,国内外学者研发了深层超深层抗高温高盐水基钻井液技术、抗高温油基/合成基钻井液技术、储层保护钻井液技术以及钻井液防漏堵漏技术,但仍存在抗高温高压和高应力能力不足、井壁易失稳以及钻井液漏失严重等关键问题。由此提出未来深层超深层钻井液技术的发展方向:(1)抗高温高盐水基钻井液技术需致力于提升高温稳定性,改进流变性能,强化滤失量控制,提高与地层的相容性。(2)抗高温油基/合成基钻井液技术需在高温稳定剂、流型调节剂等低毒易降解的环保型添加剂和相关配套技术方面进一步攻关。(3)储层保护钻井液技术应致力于新型高性能添加剂和材料的研究,通过引入先进的传感器网络和人工智能算法,完善实时监测技术。(4)钻井液防漏堵漏技术应更加注重智能化技术的集成与应用、高性能堵漏材料的研发与应用、多元化堵漏技术与方法的探索以及环境保护与安全生产意识的提高。

从排污费到环保税:绿色税制改革视阈下的减污降碳协同治理研究

如何将现有的污染防治工作与当前降碳任务有效衔接,是推动绿色税制改革向协同治理方向发展的关键。本文基于地级市样本数据,运用双重差分模型,探讨绿色税制改革视阈下环保“费改税”对减污与降碳的协同效应以及作用机制,着重考察“排污费”和“环保税”对协同减排的差异影响。研究发现:(1)《环境保护税法》的实施能够促进大气污染物与温室气体协同减排,具有减污和降碳的双重效应;并且,政策效果因地理区域、资源类型、环境司法情况的不同而存在显著的异质性。(2)环保费改税所发挥的协同减排效应主要是通过信号导向下环境关注的提高、能源结构转型与能源效率提升、资源配置效应下污染企业的退出与清洁企业的进入等三条渠道实现。(3)进一步比较分析排污费和环保税,发现排污费政策并不具备降碳及协同效应;环保费改税后,央地资金分成模式的改变能在一定程度上缓解地方财政压力,促进其发挥减污和降碳协同效应;税率提升幅度亦会影响协同治理效果。本文为进一步完善绿色税制,构建污染防治与“双碳”目标融合统筹的战略体系提供参考建议。

深基坑周围环境变形控制技术研究

为确保软土地区深基坑工程施工时周围环境的安全,结合工程实际,对施工方案进行了优化。利用BIM技术解决了支护结构与地下室结构的碰撞问题,并优化了支护桩桩前水泥土加固区域的范围,并在施工全过程对基坑进行监测,动态调整施工顺序及进度,提前采取加固措施解决了钢立柱垂直度异常的问题,最终整个基坑围护变形累计值达到了预期效果,周围市政道路、管线、构筑物的使用功能和安全均得到了保证,为类似深基坑工程提供经验参考。

汽车制造废气环保性控制技术研究

汽车工业是我国重工业的重要组成部分,也是我国经济发展的重要支柱型产业。汽车工业本身的发展可以带动大量上下游企业的共同发展。同时也会反哺重工业的不断进步,对于带动地区的经济发展有着非常重要的推动作用。但汽车行业属于重污染行业,无论是哪一步流程都对周边的环境带来了巨大的影响。随着当前我国绿色、低碳、环保路线的不断推进和环保监管力度的不断加强,“金山银山,绿水青山”两手抓的发展目标对我国的汽车产业提出了更高的要求。为了保护大气环境,实现生态环境和经济的统一协调发展,汽车行业需要针对废气进行环保处理。对汽车生产过程中所产生的各类有毒有害气体进行全面的控制,这也是汽车行业未来面临的最大挑战之一。