AIM:To test whether clamping during liver surgery predisposes to hepatic vein thrombosis.METHODS:We performed a retrospective analysis of 210 patients who underwent liver resection with simultaneous inflow and outflow...AIM:To test whether clamping during liver surgery predisposes to hepatic vein thrombosis.METHODS:We performed a retrospective analysis of 210 patients who underwent liver resection with simultaneous inflow and outflow occlusion.Intraoperatively,flow in the hepatic veins was assessed by Doppler ultrasonography during the reperfusion phase.Postoperatively,patency of the hepatic veins was assessed by contrast-enhanced CT angiography,when necessary after 3-6 mo follow up.RESULTS:Twelve patients(5.7%) developed intraoperative liver remnant swelling.However,intraoperative ultrasonography did not reveal evidence of hepatic vein thrombosis.In three of these patients a kinking of the common trunk of the middle and left hepatic veins hindering outflow was recognized and was managed successfully bysuturing the liver remnant to the diaphragm.Twenty three patients(10.9%) who developed signs of mild outflow obstruction postoperatively,had no evidence of thrombi in the hepatic veins or flow disturbances on ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced CT angiography,while hospitalized.Long term assessment of the patency of the hepatic veins over a 3-6 mo follow-up period did not reveal thrombi formation or clinical manifestations of out flow obstruction.CONCLUSION:Extrahepatic dissection and clamping of the hepatic veins does not predispose to clinically important thrombosis.展开更多
In view of the problems in the selection of alternatives which are mutually exclusive and the criticism against the increment principle, this article reveals the cause of the mistake and demonstrates that only the inc...In view of the problems in the selection of alternatives which are mutually exclusive and the criticism against the increment principle, this article reveals the cause of the mistake and demonstrates that only the increment principle and the incremental analysis method is the principle and method that we should follow and adopt in schematizing the economic policy-making.展开更多
文摘AIM:To test whether clamping during liver surgery predisposes to hepatic vein thrombosis.METHODS:We performed a retrospective analysis of 210 patients who underwent liver resection with simultaneous inflow and outflow occlusion.Intraoperatively,flow in the hepatic veins was assessed by Doppler ultrasonography during the reperfusion phase.Postoperatively,patency of the hepatic veins was assessed by contrast-enhanced CT angiography,when necessary after 3-6 mo follow up.RESULTS:Twelve patients(5.7%) developed intraoperative liver remnant swelling.However,intraoperative ultrasonography did not reveal evidence of hepatic vein thrombosis.In three of these patients a kinking of the common trunk of the middle and left hepatic veins hindering outflow was recognized and was managed successfully bysuturing the liver remnant to the diaphragm.Twenty three patients(10.9%) who developed signs of mild outflow obstruction postoperatively,had no evidence of thrombi in the hepatic veins or flow disturbances on ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced CT angiography,while hospitalized.Long term assessment of the patency of the hepatic veins over a 3-6 mo follow-up period did not reveal thrombi formation or clinical manifestations of out flow obstruction.CONCLUSION:Extrahepatic dissection and clamping of the hepatic veins does not predispose to clinically important thrombosis.
文摘In view of the problems in the selection of alternatives which are mutually exclusive and the criticism against the increment principle, this article reveals the cause of the mistake and demonstrates that only the increment principle and the incremental analysis method is the principle and method that we should follow and adopt in schematizing the economic policy-making.
