In situ subtotal spleen resection combined with selective pericardial devascularization for the treatment of portal hypertension

BACKGROUND Hypersplenism and esophageal varices bleeding are the major complications of portal hypertension(PHT).In recent years,increasing attention has been given to spleen preservation operations.The mode and long-term effects of subtotal splenectomy and selective pericardial devascularization for PHT remain controversial.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of subtotal splenectomy combined with selective pericardial devascularization for the treatment of PHT.METHODS This was a retrospective study of 15 patients with PHT who underwent subtotal splenectomy not preserving the splenic artery or vein combined with selective pericardial devascularization in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from February 2011 to April 2022.Fifteen propensity score-matched patients with PHT who underwent total splenectomy at the same time served as the control group.The patients were followed for up to 11 years after surgery.We compared the postoperative platelet levels,perioperative splenic vein thrombosis,and serum immunoglobulin levels between the two groups.Abdominal enhanced computed tomography was used to evaluate the blood supply and function of the residual spleen.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,evacuation time,and hospital stay were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The postoperative platelet level of patients in the subtotal splenectomy group was significantly lower than that in the total splenectomy group(P<0.05),and the postoperative portal system thrombosis rate in the subtotal splenectomy group was also much lower than that in the total splenectomy group.The levels of serum immunoglobulins(IgG,IgA,and IgM)showed no significant differences after surgery compared with before surgery in the subtotal splenectomy group(P>0.05),but serum immunoglobulin IgG and IgM levels decreased dramatically after total splenectomy(P<0.05).The operation time in the subtotal splenectomy group was longer than that in the total splenectomy group(P<0.05),but there were no significant differences in the amount of intraoperative blood loss,evacuation time,or hospital stay between the two groups.CONCLUSION Subtotal splenectomy not preserving the splenic artery or vein combined with selective pericardial devascularization is a safe and effective surgical treatment for patients with PHT,not only correcting hypersplenism but also preserving splenic function,especially immunological function.

Selective laser trabeculoplasty as adjunctive treatment for open-angle glaucoma vs following incisional glaucoma surgery in Chinese eyes

BACKGROUND Selective laser trabeculoplasty(SLT)is a relatively safe and effective therapy in lowering intraocular pressures(IOP)for glaucoma.AIM To study the long-term effects of SLT on IOP and number of glaucoma medications used in Chinese eyes.METHODS This is a retrospective study in which 75 eyes of 70 patients with open-angle glaucoma(OAG,n=36)and eyes with prior glaucoma surgery(PGS,n=39)were included.Changes in mean IOP and number of glaucoma medications used evaluated at 1 d,1 wk,1 mo,3 mo,6 mo,12 mo,and 36 mo after laser treatment.RESULTS All patients(33 male,37 female)were Chinese.The mean age was 44.34±16.14years.Mean pre-SLT IOP was 22.75±2.08 mmHg in OAG and 22.52±2.62 mmHg in PGS.Mean IOP was significantly reduced 1 d,1 wk,1 mo and 3 mo after laser treatment(P<0.05,respectively).Whereas,there were no significant differences between baseline and SLT treated groups at the 6th month both in OAG(P=0.347,P>0.05)and in PGS(P=0.309,P>0.05).Six months after SLT treatment,some patients received retreatment of SLT or were given more topical IOP-lowering medication to control the IOP.By the end of our study,the average IOP decreased to 20.73±1.82 mmHg in OAG and 20.49±1.53 mmHg in PGS groups.The number of glaucoma medications used was significantly reduced until the end of 3 years compared to baseline.CONCLUSION SLT could reduce IOP as adjunctive treatment both in OAG and PGS groups.SLT significantly reduced the number of glaucoma medications used 3-years following treatment in glaucoma patients.

Selective Internal Iliac Artery Oxaliplatin Infusion： Another Facultative Treatment to Unremitting Hematuria in Stage T4 Bladder Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To observe and evaluate the value of utilizing selective internal iliac artery infusion and selective internal iliac artery embolization for the treatment of unremitting gross hematuria of stage T4 bladder carcinoma. METHODS Fifty-eight stage T4 bladder carcinoma patients were selected. The patients were grouped to the TAI group and the TAE group. The main symptom of hemorrhage was gross hematuria. None of the patients in our study could receive trunk embolization. The infusion plan was oxaliplatin （100 mg/m2） and epirubicin （EPI 50mg/m2）. Embolization was done with coils or strips of gelatin sponge. The duration of gross hematuria was observed. Routine urinalysis and routine blood examination were performed. EORTC QLQ-C30 was used to evaluate the quality of life before and after treatment. RESULTS Gross hematuria and hematuria by light microscope in all patients were reviewed. Resolution time of gross hematuria in the TAI group was 6.7 ± 1.8 days and that in the TAE group was 3.5 ± 0.7 days. The changes in routine urianlysis, routine blood examination and EORTC QLQ-C30 are shown in Figs.l-3. Gross hematuria disappeared in both groups within 7 days after treatment, but the time for the gross hematuria to resolve in the TAE group was much less than that in TAI group （t = 2.51, P 〈 0.01）, and there were no significant differences in the 7th and 21st day between the 2 groups. On the 90th day, the number of erythrocytes in the urine was near 30, close to gross hematuria. The EORTC QLQ-C30 scores decreased after interventional therapy in both groups, which means that quality of life was increased, but there were no significant differences between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION Selective internal iliac artery infusion and selective internal iliac artery embolization are safe, and, in our study, therapeutic efficacy was satisfactory in treating unremitting gross hematuria of stage T4 bladder carcinoma in patients who could not receive trunk embolization. TAE can stop gross hematuria in the short term, but it can be used just once and the long-term therapeutic effect is not satisfactory. TAI had a therapeutic effect similar to TAE, but for a shorter duration, and TAI can be performed multiple times. TAI is one of the facultative treatments for treating gross hematuria of stage T4 bladder carcinoma.

Influence of process parameters and aging treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al Si8Mg3 alloy fabricated by selective laser melting

Many studies have investigated the selective laser melting(SLM)of AlSi10Mg and AlSi7Mg alloys,but there are still lack of researches focused on Al-Si-Mg alloys specifically tailored for SLM.In this work,a novel high Mg-content AlSi8Mg3 alloy was specifically designed for SLM.The results showed that this new alloy exhibited excellent SLM processability with a lowest porosity of 0.07%.Massive lattice distortion led to a high Vickers hardness in samples fabricated at a high laser power due to the precipitation of Mg_(2)Si nanoparticles from theα-Al matrix induced by high-intensity intrinsic heat treatment during SLM.The maximum microhardness and compressive yield strength of the alloy reached HV(211±4)and(526±12)MPa,respectively.After aging treatment at 150℃,the maximum microhardness and compressive yield strength of the samples were further improved to HV(221±4)and(577±5)MPa,respectively.These values are higher than those of most known aluminum alloys fabricated by SLM.This paper provides a new idea for optimizing the mechanical properties of Al-Si-Mg alloys fabricated using SLM.

Selective capture of silver ions from aqueous solution by series of azole derivatives-functionalized silica nanosheets

The introduction of bifunctional groups into low-cost adsorbents for selective adsorption of Ag(I) through synergistic effect will have a profound impact on the recovery of precious metals. Organo silica nanosheets(organo-Si NSs) functionalized by series of azole derivatives(2-mercaptoimidazole(MI), 2-mercaptobenzimidazole(MBT) and 1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol(MTT)), are fabricated and employed for selective removal of Ag(I). The structures of the organo-Si NSs are investigated using several characterization methods. The results of batch adsorption experiments display that the maximum adsorption amounts are 70.3, 103.2 and 139.5 mg·g^(-1) on MI-Si NSs, MBI-Si NSs and MTT-Si NSs for Ag(I) ions, and reach rapid equilibrium within 10–30 min. The adsorption processes are chemisorption and fit pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Notably, MTT-Si NSs is greatly selective for Ag(I) in multicomponent system, and the distribution coefficient value of Ag(I) ions reaches 2331.26 ml·g^(-1). The reusability of organo-Si NSs is verified by four cycles of regeneration tests with 0.1 mol·L^(-1) HNO_(3) as the eluent. A combination of experimental, structural along with theoretical analysis is conducted to proclaim the structure-adsorptivity relationship:(i) The adsorption mechanisms are attributed to complexation.(ii) The amino group and sulfhydryl group of MTT-Si NSs as well as MBISi NSs may have synergistic impacts on Ag(I) capture.(iii) The differences in adsorption behavior and selectivity of the three organo-Si NSs are mainly related to the form of function groups, charge density and steric hindrance of adsorbent. This work not only sheds light on the promise of functionalized organo-Si NSs for the rapid and selective removal/enrichment of Ag(I) ions in complex water systems,but also provides new insights for designing cost-effective Si NSs-based adsorbents.

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V induced by annealing treatment

Ti-6Al-4V specimens were fabricated by selective laser melting(SLM)to study the effect of thermal treatment on the phase transformation,elemental diffusion,microstructure,and mechanical properties.The results show that vanadium enriches around the boundary ofαphases with increasing annealing temperature to 973 K,andα′phases transform intoα+βat 973 K.The typicalα′martensite microstructure transforms to fine-scale equiaxed microstructure at 973 K and the equiaxed microstructure significantly coarsens with increasing annealing temperature to 1273 K.The SLM Ti-6Al-4V alloy annealed at 973 K exhibits a well-balanced combination of strength and ductility((1305±25)MPa and(37±3)%,respectively).

Selecting the best strategy of treatment in newly diagnosed advanced-stage ovarian cancer patients

Although it is assumed that the combination of chemotherapy and radical surgery should be indicated in all newly diagnosed advanced-stage ovarian cancer patients, one of the main raised questions is how to select the best strategy of initial treatment in this group of patients, neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval debulking surgery or primary debulking surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. The selection criteria to offer one strategy over the other as well as a stepwise patient selection for initial treatment are described. Selecting the best strategy of treatment in newly diagnosed advanced stage ovarian cancer patients is a multifactorial and multidisciplinary decision. Several factors should be taken into consideration:(1) the disease factor, related to the extension and localization of the disease as well as tumor biology;(2) the patient factor, associated with patient age, poor performance status, and co-morbidities; and(3) institutional infrastructure factor, related to the lack of prolonged operative time, an appropriate surgical armamentarium, as well as well-equipped intensive care units with well-trained personnel.

Laser-Constructing 3D Copper Current Collector with Crystalline Orientation Selectivity for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries

The practical application of lithium(Li)metal anodes in high-capacity batteries is impeded by the formation of hazardous Li dendrites.To address this challenge,this research presents a novel methodology that combines laser ablation and heat treatment to precisely induce controlled grain growth within laser-structured grooves on copper(Cu)current collectors.Specifically,this approach enhances the prevalence of Cu(100)facets within the grooves,effectively lowering the overpotential for Li nucleation and promoting preferential Li deposition.Unlike approaches that modify the entire surface of collectors,our work focuses on selectively enhancing lithiophilicity within the grooves to mitigate the formation of Li dendrites and exhibit exceptional performance metrics.The half-cell with these collectors maintains a remarkable Coulombic efficiency of 97.42%over 350 cycles at 1 mA cm^(−2).The symmetric cell can cycle stably for 1600 h at 0.5 mA cm^(−2).Furthermore,when integrated with LiFePO4 cathodes,the full-cell configuration demonstrates outstanding capacity retention of 92.39%after 400 cycles at a 1C discharge rate.This study introduces a novel technique for fabricating selective lithiophilic three-dimensional(3D)Cu current collectors,thereby enhancing the performance of Li metal batteries.The insights gained from this approach hold promise for enhancing the performance of all laser-processed 3D Cu current collectors by enabling precise lithiophilic modifications within complex structures.

An Integrated Bipolar Picture Fuzzy Decision Driven System to Scrutinize Food Waste Treatment Technology through Assorted Factor Analysis

Food Waste(FW)is a pressing environmental concern that affects every country globally.About one-third of the food that is produced ends up as waste,contributing to the carbon footprint.Hence,the FW must be properly treated to reduce environmental pollution.This study evaluates a few available Food Waste Treatment(FWT)technologies,such as anaerobic digestion,composting,landfill,and incineration,which are widely used.A Bipolar Picture Fuzzy Set(BPFS)is proposed to deal with the ambiguity and uncertainty that arise when converting a real-world problem to a mathematical model.A novel Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation-Stable Preference Ordering Towards Ideal Solution(CRITIC-SPOTIS)approach is developed to objectively analyze FWT selection based on thirteen criteria covering the industry’s technical,environmental,and entrepreneurial aspects.The CRITIC method is used for the objective analysis of the importance of each criterion in FWT selection.The SPOTIS method is adopted to rank the alternative hassle-free,following the criteria.The proposed model offers a rank reversal-free model,i.e.,the rank of the alternatives remains unaffected even after the addition or removal of an alternative.In addition,comparative and sensitivity analyses are performed to ensure the reliability and robustness of the proposed model and to validate the proposed result.

Clinical research progress on acupuncture for the treatment of otogenic vertigo

Otogenic vertigo is a common disorder that affects the vestibular system,which often results in considerable discomfort and impaired daily functioning.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),including acupuncture and moxibustion,has been historically utilized to manage the symptoms of vertigo.However,the effectiveness and methodology of these treatments have rarely been investigated in the medical literature.This study reviews the existing literature on the point selection,method,and therapeutic effect of acupuncture and moxibustion to provide a reference for the TCM treatment of otogenic vertigo.A literature search was performed using the PubMed search engine.The terms used included otogenic vertigo,acupuncture treatment,and acupuncture point selection.A total of 34 relevant articles were retrieved from PubMed.These suggest that the clinical treatment of otogenic vertigo should consider the functions of zang-fu organs and meridians and select different acupuncture treatment methods according to syndrome differentiation based on the difference between deficiency and excess.Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy should be based on acupoint selection,considering the syndrome differentiation,supplemented with experience.The treatment of otogenic vertigo with acupuncture and moxibustion refers to the selection of appropriate acupuncture methods under the guidance of TCM theory and following the principles of syndrome,disease,and meridian differentiation.Common acupuncture methods include body acupuncture,auricular acupuncture,scalp acupuncture,acupoint injection,electroacupuncture,and moxibustion.There are many acupuncture and moxibustion acupoints selected for the treatment of otogenic vertigo.Individualized treatment according to the patient’s specific condition is effective and safe,which can help to improve the patient’s vertigo symptoms and cerebral blood perfusion.

Influence of coke rate on thermal treatment of waste selective catalytic reduction(SCR)catalyst during iron ore sintering

Waste selective catalytic reduction(SCR)catalyst as a hazardous waste has a significant impact on the environment and human health.In present study,a novel technology for thermal treatment of waste SCR catalyst was proposed by adding it to sinter mix for iron ore sintering.The influences of coke rate on the flame front propagation,sinter microstructure,and sinter quality during sintering co-processing the waste SCR catalyst process were studied.In situ tests results indicated the maximum sintering bed temperature increased at higher coke rate,indicating more liquid phase generated and higher airflow resistance.The sintering time was longer and the calculated flame front speed dropped at higher coke rate.Sinter microstructure results found the coalescence and reshaping of bubbles were more fully with increasing coke rate.The porosity dropped from 35.28%to 25.66%,the pore average diameter of large pores decreased from 383.76μm to 311.43μm.With increasing coke rate,the sinter indexes of tumbler index,productivity,and yield,increased from 33.2%,9.2 t·m^(-2)·d^(-1),28.9%to 58.0%,36.0 t·m^(-2)·d^(-1),68.9%,respectively.Finally,a comprehensive index was introduced to systematically assess the influence of coke rate on sinter quality,which rose from 100 to 200 when coke rate was increased from 3.5%(mass)to 5.5%(mass).

Selection of staged or synchronous percutaneous nephrolithotomy for treatment of bilateral upper urinary tract calculi

Objective To evaluate the decision process to perform staged or synchronous bilateral percutaneous nephrolithotripsy ( PCNL) in the treatment of bilateral upper urinary tract calculi. Methods Patients with an indication for bilateral PCNL were enrolled in the study

Effects of Post-Heat Treatment and Carbide Precipitates on Strength-Ductility Balance of GH3536 Superalloy Prepared by Selective Laser Melting

The strength and ductility cannot achieve a good tradeoff for some superalloy(e.g.GH3536)prepared by selective laser melting(SLM),which seriously restricts their industrial applications.This work examined the effect of post-heat treatment(HT)on the microstructure and mechanical properties of GH3536 produced by SLM.In particular,the influence of carbide precipitate morphology and distribution on strength and ductility of the alloy after heat treatment was discussed.After aging at 650°C(denoted as HT1),the Cr23C6 carbides were distributed in chains.The ductility increased by approximately 31%,while the strength slightly decreased.After aging at 745°C(denoted as HT2),the Cr23C6 carbides were distributed in chains.However,the HT2 samples showed an increase in ductility of~58%and no reduction in strength.As the dislocation density of HT2 sample was higher than that of the HT1 sample,the chain carbides could be pinned to the grain boundaries,consequently improving the ductility but no loss in strength as compared with the as-deposited samples.When the aging temperature was increased to 900°C(denoted as HT3),the carbides were distributed in a discontinuous granular form.As a result,the HT3 samples presented the lowest dislocation density which reduced the strength.

Designing High-Porosity Porous Structures with Complex Geometries for Enhanced Thermal Conductivity Using Selective Laser Melting and Heat Treatment

Rapid advancements in the aerospace industry necessitate the development of unified,lightweight and thermally conductive structures.Integrating complex geometries,including bionic and porous structures,is paramount in thermally conductive structures to attain improved thermal conductivity.The design of two high-porosity porous lattice structures was inspired by pomelo peel structure,using Voronoi parametric design.By combining characteristic elements of two high-porostructuressity porous lattice structures designed,a novel high-porosity porous gradient structure is created.This structure is based on gradient design.Utilizing selective laser melting(SLM),fabrication comprises three.Steady-state thermal characteristics are evaluated via finite element analysis(FEA).The experimental thermal conductivity measurements correlate well with simulation results,validating the sequence of K_L as the highest,followed by D_K_L and then D_L.Heat treatment significantly improves thermal conductivity,enhancing the base material by about 45.6%and porous structured samples by approximately 43.7%.

Brain metastasis in children with stage 4 neuroblastoma after multidisciplinary treatment

Introduction: Brain metastasis is common in relapsed neuroblastoma patients, but the characteristics of brain metastasis remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the status of brain metastasis with neuroblastoma in South China.Methods: In this retrospective case?based study, 106 patients with stage 4 neuroblastoma from the Department of Pediatric Oncology in Sun Yat?sen University Cancer Center between January 2004 and May 2013 were included. The incidence, risk factors, and survival status of these patients were reviewed and analyzed.Results: Of the 106 patients, 11(10.4%) developed brain metastasis, accounting for 20.0% of 55 patients with relapse or progression. The age at initial diagnosis of the 11 patients ranged from 2 to 10 years(median 4 years), which was younger than that of the patients without brain metastasis(median 5 years, range 1–10 years, P = 0.073). The male to female ratio of the 11 patients was 8:3, which was not signiicantly diferent from that of the patients with?out brain metastasis(P = 0.86). Patients with brain metastasis had higher lactate dehydrogenase levels than those without brain metastasis, but the diferences were not signiicant(P initial diagnosis to the develo= 0.076). Eight patients died, and 3 patients survived. The median interval from thepment of brain metastasis was 18 months(range 6–32 months). The median survival was 4 months(range 1 day to 29 months) after the diagnosis of brain metastasis. The median interval from the manifestation of brain metastasis to death was 3 months(range 1 day to 11 months).Conclusions: High?risk factors for brain metastasis in cases of neuroblastoma include bone marrow involvement and a younger age at initial diagnosis. Nevertheless, multiple treatment modalities can improve disease?free survival.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Cu-Bearing 316L Stainless Steel Produced by Selective Laser Melting

Cu-bearing stainless steels(SSs)with high strength,excellent plasticity,and effective antimicrobial properties hold significant potential for applications in the marine industry.In this study,Cu-bearing SSs with copper ranging from 0 to 6.0 wt%were successfully prepared using selective laser melting(SLM)technology.For the Cu-bearing SSs with different copper contents,the effect of heat treatment on the microstructural and mechanical behaviors was studied systematically.Microstructural observations revealed that the subgrain size of Cu-bearing SSs increased with heat treatment at 500℃ and 700℃ for 6 h.Furthermore,the tensile strength and elongation increased after the heat treatment temperature due to the combined effect of dislocations,twins,andε-Cu precipitated phases.Notably,after heat treatment at 700℃,the SLM4.5Cu sample exhibited an abnormal rise in tensile strength and elongation.This finding suggests that the diffusion strengthening caused byε-Cu precipitates exceeded the stacking fault energy.Consequently,the tensile strength and elongation reached 693.32 MPa and 56.94%,respectively.This work provides an efficient approach for preparing Cu-bearing SSs with exceptional strength and plasticity.

Selection of patients and staging of peritoneal surface malignancies

Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a common evolution of cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, and has been traditionally regarded as a terminal disease with short median survival. During the last 20 years, thanks to its favourable oncologic results, a new loco-regional therapeutic approach, combining cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), has an important development. Due to its significant, but acceptable, morbidity and mortality, and high cost, this comprehensive management plan requires knowledgeable patient selection. Quantitative prognostic indicators are required to assess a patient’s eligibility. Large multicenter studies have identified several prognostic factors, which can be used for a better selection of patients who would benefit from the combination of cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC. Indications for treatment of PC with cytoreduction and HIPEC are now validated for several diseases: peritoneal mesothelioma, pseudomyxoma peritonei, PC from the appendix, and colorectal cancer. Indications are still under discussion for gastric and ovarian carcinomatosis. Computed tomography is the best radiological for staging the disease. The extent of peritoneal carcinomatosis is, however, difficult to evaluate preoperatively, and precise evaluation is most often performed during surgical exploration. Cytoreductive surgery associated with HIPEC for the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis should be performed for young patients with limited and resectable carcino-matosis, in specialized institutions involved in the management of peritoneal surface malignancies.

Ultrasonic-enhanced selective sulfide precipitation of copper ions from copper smelting dust using monoclinic pyrrhotite

The sulfide passivation film produced on the surface seriously prevents further reaction in the process of using monoclinic pyrrhotite(MPr)to treat heavy metal ions in wastewater.Ultrasonic technology was introduced to assist MPr to recover the copper ions.XPS result proves that CuS products exist on the surface of MPr.XRD and SEM results show that the CuS on the particles’surface is stripped under ultrasonic condition.The kinetics results indicate that the reaction under both conventional and ultrasonic conditions conform to the Avrami model.The reaction process changes from diffusion control to chemical reaction control under the ultrasonic condition as the solid layer is stripped off.The presence of ultrasonic significantly reduces the acidity and temperature required for the reaction and enhances the utilization efficiency of MPr;by controlling the amount of MPr,the removal rates of copper and arsenic in copper smelting dust leachate exceed 99%and 95%,respectively.

Treatment of upper gastrointestinal fistula and leakage with personal stage nutrition support

AIM： To investigate the feasibility of treatment for upper gastrointestinal fistula and leakage with personal stage nutrition support. METHODS： Forty-three patients with upper gastrointestinal fistula and leakage were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in group A were treated with personal stage nutrition support and patients in group B were treated with total parental nutrition （TPN） in combination with operation. Nutritional states of the candidates were evaluated by detecting albumin （AIb） and pre-AIb. The balance between nutrition and hepatic function was evaluated by measurement of aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and total bilirubin （Tbill） before and after operation. At the same time their complications and hospitalized time were surveyed. RESULTS： Personal stage nutrition support improved upper gastrointestinal fistula and leakage. The nutrition state and hepatic function were better in patients who received personal stage nutrition support than in those who did not receive TPN. There was no significant difference in the complication and hospitalized time in the two groups of patients. CONCLUSION： Upper gastrointestinal fistula and leakage can be treated with personal stage nutrition support which is more beneficial for the post-operation recovery and more economic than surgical operation.

Terephthalic acid wastewater treatment by using two-stage aerobic process

Based on the tests between anoxic and aerobic process, the two stage aerobic process with a biological selector was chosen to treat terephthalic acid wastewater (PTA). By adopting the two stage aerobic process, the COD Cr in PTA wastewater could be reduced from 4000—6000 mg/L to below 100 mg/L; the COD loading in the first aerobic tank could reach 7 0 to 8 0 kgCOD Cr /(m 3·d) and that of the second stage was from 0 2 to 0 4 kgCOD Cr /(m 3·d). Further researches on the kinetics of substrate degradation were carried out.