Lithium recovery from end-of-life Li-ion batteries(LIBs)through pyro-and hydrometallurgical recycling processes involves several refining stages,with high consumption of reagents and energy.A competitive technological...Lithium recovery from end-of-life Li-ion batteries(LIBs)through pyro-and hydrometallurgical recycling processes involves several refining stages,with high consumption of reagents and energy.A competitive technological alternative is the electrochemical oxidation of the cathode materials,whereby lithium can be deintercalated and transferred to an electrolyte solution without the aid of chemical extracting compounds.This article investigates the potential to selectively recover Li from LIB cathode materials by direct electrochemical extraction in aqueous solutions.The process allowed to recovering up to 98%of Li from high-purity commercial cathode materials(LiMn_(2)O_(4),LiCoO_(2),and Li Ni_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)Co_(1/3)O_(2))with a faradaic efficiency of 98%and negligible co-extraction of Co,Ni,and Mn.The process was then applied to recover Li from the real waste LIBs black mass obtained by the physical treatment of electric vehicle battery packs.This black mass contained graphite,conductive carbon,and metal impurities from current collectors and steel cases,which significantly influenced the evolution and performances of Li electrochemical extraction.Particularly,due to concomitant oxidation of impurities,lithium extraction yields and faradaic efficiencies were lower than those obtained with high-purity cathode materials.Copper oxidation was found to occur within the voltage range investigated,but it could not quantitatively explain the reduced Li extraction performances.In fact,a detailed investigation revealed that above 1.3 V vs.Ag/Ag Cl,conductive carbon can be oxidized,contributing to the decreased Li extraction.Based on the reported experimental results,guidelines were provided that quantitatively enable the extraction of Li from the black mass,while preventing the simultaneous oxidation of impurities and,consequently,reducing the energy consumption of the proposed Li recovery method.展开更多
Copolymerization of chitosan selectively grafted by polyethylene glycol was prepared. Chitosan was selectively grafted by monomethoxy polyethylene glycol(mPEG-OH), which contained a hydroxyl group combining with hex...Copolymerization of chitosan selectively grafted by polyethylene glycol was prepared. Chitosan was selectively grafted by monomethoxy polyethylene glycol(mPEG-OH), which contained a hydroxyl group combining with hexamethylene diisocyanate(HDI) to form a novel macromonomer namely monomethoxy polyethylene glycol isocyanate(mPEG-NCO) containing a isocyanate group with higher chemical activity in ethyl glyoxalate solution absolutely without water. The selective grafted copolymerization of Chitosan with mPEG-NCO was conducted under heterogeneous conditions as suspension in dimethylformamide. The hydrophilic copolymers of chitosan were prepared by condensation reaction of isocyanate group on mPEG- NCO with hydroxy groups on chitosan chains because amino groups on chitosan chains were protected by complexion formation with copper ions. The effect of reaction condition on the grafting extents was discussed. Swelling properties of mPEG-g-CS were researched. The graft copolymer mPEG-g-CS was characterized by the infrared spectra. The experimental result showed that the copper ions were very effective to protect amino groups from condensation reaction. The swelling degree in water increases with adding of grafting ratio. The maximum swelling degree was up to above 132% when the grafting ratio was about 270%. The graft copolymer can be soluble partially in pure water.展开更多
In this study,CuO nanoparticles are pre-modified with styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers(SMAs)of different molecular weights and MAH contents.Then the pre-modified CuO nanoparticles(CuO-SMAs)are added to the PA6/SEBS...In this study,CuO nanoparticles are pre-modified with styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers(SMAs)of different molecular weights and MAH contents.Then the pre-modified CuO nanoparticles(CuO-SMAs)are added to the PA6/SEBS(Styrene Ethylene Butylene Styrene copolymer)(40/60 wt/wt)polymer blends with a co-continuous morphology.When SMA3(MAH=8 wt%,M_(n)=250000 g/mol)is used to modify CuO nanoparticles,and the grafting degree of SMA3 on the surface of CuO reaches 2.74 wt%,90.71%of the added mCuO-SMA3 nanoparticles can be located at the interface of PA6 and SEBS.A porous PA6 membrane with CuO nanoparticles located at the pore walls can be obtained after the SEBS phase is etched with xylene.The catalytic reaction velocity constant(k)for the reduction of p-nitrophenol in NaBH_(4)solutions with the PA6/mCuO-SMA3 porous membrane can reach 1.0040 min^(-1).This work provides a feasible and straightforward method for the preparation of porous polymer membranes with functional nanoparticles located at the wall of the pores.展开更多
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is one of the most deadly cancers,characterized by extremely limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis,as it is often diagnosed during late disease stages.Innovative and selective...Pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is one of the most deadly cancers,characterized by extremely limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis,as it is often diagnosed during late disease stages.Innovative and selective treatments are urgently needed,since current therapies have limited efficacy and significant side effects.Through proteomics analysis of extracellular vesicles,we discovered an imbalanced distribution of amino acids secreted by PDAC tumor cells.Our findings revealed that PDAC cells preferentially excrete proteins with certain preferential amino acids,including isoleucine and histidine,via extracellular vesicles.These amino acids are associated with disease progression and can be targeted to elicit selective toxicity to PDAC tumor cells.Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that supplementation with these specific amino acids effectively eradicated PDAC cells.Mechanistically,we also identified XRN1 as a potential target for these amino acids.The high selectivity of this treatment method allows for specific targeting of tumor metabolism with very low toxicity to normal tissues.Furthermore,we found this treatment approach is easy-to-administer and with sustained tumor-killing effects.Together,our findings reveal that exocytosed amino acids may serve as therapeutic targets for designing treatments of intractable PDAC and potentially offer alternative treatments for other types of cancers.展开更多
Artemisinin and its derivatives have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for cancer therapy by endogenous iron-mediated generation of free radicals.However,the enhanced antioxidant defense systems in cancer cells ...Artemisinin and its derivatives have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for cancer therapy by endogenous iron-mediated generation of free radicals.However,the enhanced antioxidant defense systems in cancer cells provide them with resistance to oxidative damage,greatly antagonizing the therapeutic efficacy that relies on inducing oxidative stress.Herein,a metal-organic framework(MOF)-based nanoplatform(CMD)is constructed to disrupt the cellular redox homeostasis and selectively potentiate the cytotoxicity of dihydroartemisinin for cancer therapy.In cancer cells,the copper(II)sites in the MOF nanocarrier of CMD can efficiently weaken the cellular antioxidant capacity by depleting the overexpressed glutathione,simultaneously leading to the decomposition of the framework structure and the release of the encapsulated dihydroartemisinin.As a result,the damaged antioxidant defense system of cancer cells reduces its effect on oxidative stress alleviation and strengthens the therapeutic efficacy of dihydroartemisinin.On contrast,the low concentration of cellular glutathione in normal cells protects them from dihydroartemisinin-induced cytotoxicity by decelerating the drug release.In vivo results demonstrate that CMD could completely suppress the tumor growth in mice and show no evidence of toxicity,providing an effective strategy for the practical usage of dihydroartemisinin in cancer therapy.展开更多
Background:Liver transplantation(LT)for neuroendocrine liver metastases(NELM)is still in debate.Studies comparing LT with liver resection(LR)for NELM are scarce,as patient selection is heterogeneous and experience is ...Background:Liver transplantation(LT)for neuroendocrine liver metastases(NELM)is still in debate.Studies comparing LT with liver resection(LR)for NELM are scarce,as patient selection is heterogeneous and experience is limited.The goal of this review was to provide a critical analysis of the evidence on LT versus LR in the treatment of NELM.Data sources:A scoping literature search on LT and LR for NELM was performed with PubMed,including English articles up to March 2023.Results:International guidelines recommend LR for NELM in resectable,well-differentiated tumors in the absence of extrahepatic metastatic disease with superior results of LR compared to systemic or liver-directed therapies.Advanced liver surgery has extended resectability criteria whilst entailing increased perioperative risk and short disease-free survival.In highly selected patients(based on the Milan criteria)with unresectable NELM,oncologic results of LT are promising.Prognostic factors include tumor biology(G1/G2)and burden,waiting time for LT,patient age and extrahepatic spread.Based on low-level evi-dence,LT for low-grade NELM within the Milan criteria resulted in improved disease-free survival and overall survival compared to LR.The benefits of LT were lost in patients beyond the Milan NELM-criteria.Conclusions:With adherence to strict selection criteria especially tumor biology,LT for NELM is becoming a valuable option providing oncologic benefits compared to LR.Recent evidence suggests even stricter selection criteria with regard to tumor biology.展开更多
The discovery of efficient,selective,and stable electrocatalysts can be a key point to produce the largescale chemical fuels via electrochemical CO_(2) reduction(ECR).In this study,an earth-abundant and nontoxic ZnO-b...The discovery of efficient,selective,and stable electrocatalysts can be a key point to produce the largescale chemical fuels via electrochemical CO_(2) reduction(ECR).In this study,an earth-abundant and nontoxic ZnO-based electrocatalyst was developed for use in gas-diffusion electrodes(GDE),and the effect of nitrogen(N)doping on the ECR activity of ZnO electrocatalysts was investigated.Initially,a ZnO nanosheet was prepared via the hydrothermal method,and nitridation was performed at different times to control the N-doping content.With an increase in the N-doping content,the morphological properties of the nanosheet changed significantly,namely,the 2D nanosheets transformed into irregularly shaped nanoparticles.Furthermore,the ECR performance of Zn O electrocatalysts with different N-doping content was assessed in 1.0 M KHCO_(3) electrolyte using a gas-diffusion electrode-based ECR cell.While the ECR activity increased after a small amount of N doping,it decreased for higher N doping content.Among them,the N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalysts showed the best CO selectivity,with a faradaic efficiency(FE_(CO))of 92.7%at-0.73 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE),which was greater than that of an undoped Zn O electrocatalyst(FE_(CO)of 63.4%at-0.78 V_(RHE)).Also,the N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalyst exhibited outstanding durability for 16 h,with a partial current density of-92.1 mA cm^(-2).This improvement of N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalyst can be explained by density functional theory calculations,demonstrating that this improvement of N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalyst comes from(ⅰ)the optimized active sites lowering the free energy barrier for the rate-determining step(RDS),and(ⅱ)the modification of electronic structure enhancing the electron transfer rate by N doping.展开更多
Ratoon rice,which refers to a second harvest of rice obtained from the regenerated tillers originating from the stubble of the first harvested crop,plays an important role in both food security and agroecology while r...Ratoon rice,which refers to a second harvest of rice obtained from the regenerated tillers originating from the stubble of the first harvested crop,plays an important role in both food security and agroecology while requiring minimal agricultural inputs.However,accurately identifying ratoon rice crops is challenging due to the similarity of its spectral features with other rice cropping systems(e.g.,double rice).Moreover,images with a high spatiotemporal resolution are essential since ratoon rice is generally cultivated in fragmented croplands within regions that frequently exhibit cloudy and rainy weather.In this study,taking Qichun County in Hubei Province,China as an example,we developed a new phenology-based ratoon rice vegetation index(PRVI)for the purpose of ratoon rice mapping at a 30 m spatial resolution using a robust time series generated from Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2(HLS)images.The PRVI that incorporated the red,near-infrared,and shortwave infrared 1 bands was developed based on the analysis of spectro-phenological separability and feature selection.Based on actual field samples,the performance of the PRVI for ratoon rice mapping was carefully evaluated by comparing it to several vegetation indices,including normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),enhanced vegetation index(EVI)and land surface water index(LSWI).The results suggested that the PRVI could sufficiently capture the specific characteristics of ratoon rice,leading to a favorable separability between ratoon rice and other land cover types.Furthermore,the PRVI showed the best performance for identifying ratoon rice in the phenological phases characterized by grain filling and harvesting to tillering of the ratoon crop(GHS-TS2),indicating that only several images are required to obtain an accurate ratoon rice map.Finally,the PRVI performed better than NDVI,EVI,LSWI and their combination at the GHS-TS2 stages,with producer's accuracy and user's accuracy of 92.22 and 89.30%,respectively.These results demonstrate that the proposed PRVI based on HLS data can effectively identify ratoon rice in fragmented croplands at crucial phenological stages,which is promising for identifying the earliest timing of ratoon rice planting and can provide a fundamental dataset for crop management activities.展开更多
With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and National Basic Research Program of China,the research team led by Prof.Li Yingxian(李英贤)at the State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamen...With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and National Basic Research Program of China,the research team led by Prof.Li Yingxian(李英贤)at the State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application,China Astronaut Research and Training Center,discovered that osteoclast-derived microRNA-containing exosomes selectively inhibited osteoblast activity,which was pub-展开更多
Human serum albumin(HSA) is widely utilized for medical purposes and biochemical research.Transgenic rice has proved to be an attractive bioreactor for mass production of recombinant HSA(rHSA).However,transgene spread...Human serum albumin(HSA) is widely utilized for medical purposes and biochemical research.Transgenic rice has proved to be an attractive bioreactor for mass production of recombinant HSA(rHSA).However,transgene spread is a major environmental and food safety concern for transgenic rice expressing proteins of medical value.This study aimed to develop a selectively terminable transgenic rice line expressing HSA in rice seeds,and a simple process for recovery and purification of rHSA for economical manufacture.An HSA expression cassette was inserted into a T-DNA vector encoding an RNA interference(RNAi) cassette suppressing the CYP81A6 gene.This gene detoxifies the herbicide bentazon and is linked to the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase(EPSPS) cassette which confers glyphosate tolerance.ANX Sepharose Fast Flow(ANX FF) anion exchange chromatography coupled with Butyl Sepharose High Performance(Butyl HP) hydrophobic interaction chromatography was used to purify rHSA.A transgenic rice line,HSA-84,was obtained with stable expression of rHSA of up to 0.72% of the total dry weight of the dehusked rice seeds.This line also demonstrated high sensitivity to bentazon,and thus could be killed selectively by a spray of bentazon.A two-step chromatography purification scheme was established to purify the rHSA from rice seeds to a purity of 99% with a recovery of 62.4%.Results from mass spectrometry and N-terminus sequencing suggested that the purified rHSA was identical to natural plasma-derived HSA.This study provides an alternative strategy for large-scale production of HSA with a built-in transgene safety control mechanism.展开更多
Electroreduction of nitrate has been gaining wide attention in recent years owing to it's beneficial for converting nitrate into benign N_(2) from the perspective of electrocatalytic denitrification or into value-...Electroreduction of nitrate has been gaining wide attention in recent years owing to it's beneficial for converting nitrate into benign N_(2) from the perspective of electrocatalytic denitrification or into value-added ammonia from the perspective of electrocatalytic NH_(3) synthesis.By reason of the undesired formation of ammonia is dominant during electroreduction of nitrate-containing wastewater,chloride has been widely used to improve N_(2) selectivity.Nevertheless,selective electroreduction of nitrate to N2 gas in chloride-containing system poses several drawbacks.In this review,we focus on the key strategies for efficiently enhancing N_(2) selectivity of electroreduction of nitrate in chloride-free system,including optimal selection of elements,combining an active metal catalyst with another metal,manipulating the crystalline morphology and facet orientation,constructing core–shell structure catalysts,etc.Before summarizing the strategies,four possible reaction pathways of electro-reduction of nitrate to N_(2) are discussed.Overall,this review attempts to provide practical strategies for enhancing N2 selectivity without the aid of electrochlorination and highlight directions for future research for designing appropriate electrocatalyst for final electrocatalytic denitrifi-cation.展开更多
Cotton fiber is one of the main raw materials for the textile industry.In recent years,many cotton fiber quality QTL have been identified,but few were applied in breeding.In this study,a genome wide association study(...Cotton fiber is one of the main raw materials for the textile industry.In recent years,many cotton fiber quality QTL have been identified,but few were applied in breeding.In this study,a genome wide association study(GWAS)of fiber-quality traits in 265 upland cotton breeding intermediate lines(GhBreeding),combined with genome-wide selective sweep analysis(GSSA)and genomic selection(GS),revealed 25 QTL.Most of these QTL were ignored by only using GWAS.The CRISPR/Cas9 mutants of GhMYB_D13 had shorter fiber,which indicates the credibility of QTL to a certain extent.Then these QTL were verified in other cotton natural populations,5 stable QTL were found having broad potential for application in breeding.Additionally,among these 5 stable QTL,superior genotypes of 4 showed an enrichment in most improved new varieties widely cultivated currently.These findings provide insights for how to identify more QTL through combined multiple genomic analysis to apply in breeding.展开更多
Bird plumage color has been assessed as a possible trait driving the presence of bird species in urban areas.Although some species can see the ultraviolet(UV) spectrum,the mentioned studies did not take into account U...Bird plumage color has been assessed as a possible trait driving the presence of bird species in urban areas.Although some species can see the ultraviolet(UV) spectrum,the mentioned studies did not take into account UV reflectance when characterizing bird plumage.This study aimed to use a recent database of the colorfulness in passerines that incorporated the UV spectrum to compare bird colorfulness and other traits between urban parks and rural areas in Central-East Argentina.Birds in urban parks were surveyed in 51 parks in 6 cities during breeding and non-breeding seasons.A list of Passeriformes species from parks was created,and a list of urban avoider species was created from the bibliography.Species traits were body mass,clutch size,migratory status,nesting site,diet and habitat breadth,and plumage colorfulness.A total of 85 species were detected in the regional pool,of which 30 species were detected in urban parks.Bird species present in urban parks were more colorful than bird species only present in rural areas.In addition,bird presence in urban parks was positively related to their regional frequency and diet breadth.Moreover,urban presence was related to nesting on trees and buildings,whereas species not present in urban parks nested on the ground.The results obtained showed that bird color is significantly associated with presence of bird species in urban parks.展开更多
Background Domestic goose breeds are descended from either the Swan goose(Anser cygnoides)or the Greylag goose(Anser anser),exhibiting variations in body size,reproductive performance,egg production,feather color,and ...Background Domestic goose breeds are descended from either the Swan goose(Anser cygnoides)or the Greylag goose(Anser anser),exhibiting variations in body size,reproductive performance,egg production,feather color,and other phenotypic traits.Constructing a pan-genome facilitates a thorough identification of genetic variations,thereby deepening our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying genetic diversity and phenotypic variability.Results To comprehensively facilitate population genomic and pan-genomic analyses in geese,we embarked on the task of 659 geese whole genome resequencing data and compiling a database of 155 RNA-seq samples.By constructing the pan-genome for geese,we generated non-reference contigs totaling 612 Mb,unveiling a collection of 2,813 novel genes and pinpointing 15,567 core genes,1,324 softcore genes,2,734 shell genes,and 878 cloud genes in goose genomes.Furthermore,we detected an 81.97 Mb genomic region showing signs of genome selection,encompassing the TGFBR2 gene correlated with variations in body weight among geese.Genome-wide association studies utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and presence-absence variation revealed significant genomic associations with various goose meat quality,reproductive,and body composition traits.For instance,a gene encoding the SVEP1 protein was linked to carcass oblique length,and a distinct gene-CDS haplotype of the SVEP1 gene exhibited an association with carcass oblique length.Notably,the pan-genome analysis revealed enrichment of variable genes in the“hair follicle maturation”Gene Ontology term,potentially linked to the selection of feather-related traits in geese.A gene presence-absence variation analysis suggested a reduced frequency of genes associated with“regulation of heart contraction”in domesticated geese compared to their wild counterparts.Our study provided novel insights into gene expression features and functions by integrating gene expression patterns across multiple organs and tissues in geese and analyzing population variation.Conclusion This accomplishment originates from the discernment of a multitude of selection signals and candidate genes associated with a wide array of traits,thereby markedly enhancing our understanding of the processes underlying domestication and breeding in geese.Moreover,assembling the pan-genome for geese has yielded a comprehensive apprehension of the goose genome,establishing it as an indispensable asset poised to offer innovative viewpoints and make substantial contributions to future geese breeding initiatives.展开更多
Selective cleavage of Csp^(2)-OCH_(3)bond in lignin without breaking other types of C-O bonds followed by N-functionalization is fascinating for on-purpose valorization of biomass.Here,a Co/Ni-based dual-atom catalyst...Selective cleavage of Csp^(2)-OCH_(3)bond in lignin without breaking other types of C-O bonds followed by N-functionalization is fascinating for on-purpose valorization of biomass.Here,a Co/Ni-based dual-atom catalyst CoNiDA@NC prepared by in-situ evaporation and acid-etching of metal species from tailor-made metal–organic frameworks was efficient for reductive upgrading of various lignin-derived phenols to cyclohexanols(88.5%–99.9%yields),which had ca.4 times higher reaction rate than the single-atom catalyst and was superior to state-of-the-art heterogeneous catalysts.The synergistic catalysis of Co/Ni dual atoms facilitated both hydrogen dissociation and hydrogenolysis steps,and could optimize adsorption configuration of lignin-derived methoxylated phenols to further favor the Csp^(2)-OCH_(3)cleavage,as elaborated by theoretical calculations.Notably,the CoNi_(DA)@NC catalyst was highly recyclable,and exhibited excellent demethoxylation performance(77.1%yield)in real lignin monomer mixtures.Via in-situ cascade conversion processes assisted by dual-atom catalysis,various high-value N-containing chemicals,including caprolactams and cyclohexylamines,could be produced from lignin.展开更多
Antimony-based anodes have attracted wide attention in potassium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical specific capacities(∼660 mA h g^(-1))and suitable voltage platforms.However,severe capacity fading caused b...Antimony-based anodes have attracted wide attention in potassium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical specific capacities(∼660 mA h g^(-1))and suitable voltage platforms.However,severe capacity fading caused by huge volume change and limited ion transportation hinders their practical applications.Recently,strategies for controlling the morphologies of Sb-based materials to improve the electrochemical performances have been proposed.Among these,the two-dimensional Sb(2D-Sb)materials present excellent properties due to shorted ion immigration paths and enhanced ion diffusion.Nevertheless,the synthetic methods are usually tedious,and even the mechanism of these strategies remains elusive,especially how to obtain large-scale 2D-Sb materials.Herein,a novel strategy to synthesize 2D-Sb material using a straightforward solvothermal method without the requirement of a complex nanostructure design is provided.This method leverages the selective adsorption of aldehyde groups in furfural to induce crystal growth,while concurrently reducing and coating a nitrogen-doped carbon layer.Compared to the reported methods,it is simpler,more efficient,and conducive to the production of composite nanosheets with uniform thickness(3–4 nm).The 2D-Sb@NC nanosheet anode delivers an extremely high capacity of 504.5 mA h g^(-1) at current densities of 100 mA g^(-1) and remains stable for more than 200 cycles.Through characterizations and molecular dynamic simulations,how potassium storage kinetics between 2D Sb-based materials and bulk Sb-based materials are explored,and detailed explanations are provided.These findings offer novel insights into the development of durable 2D alloy-based anodes for next-generation potassium-ion batteries.展开更多
Flotation separation of magnesite and its calcium-containing carbonate minerals is a difficult problem.Recently,new regulat-ors have been proposed for magnesite flotation decalcification,although traditional regulator...Flotation separation of magnesite and its calcium-containing carbonate minerals is a difficult problem.Recently,new regulat-ors have been proposed for magnesite flotation decalcification,although traditional regulators such as tannin,water glass,sodium carbon-ate,and sodium hexametaphosphate are more widely used in industry.However,they are rarely used as the main regulators in research because they perform poorly in magnesite and dolomite single-mineral flotation tests.Inspired by the limonite presedimentation method and the addition of a regulator to magnesite slurry mixing,we used a tannin pretreatment method for separating magnesite and dolomite.Microflotation experiments confirmed that the tannin pretreatment method selectively and largely reduces the flotation recovery rate of dolomite without affecting the flotation recovery rate of magnesite.Moreover,the contact angles of the tannin-pretreated magnesite and dolomite increased and decreased,respectively,in the presence of NaOl.Zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared analyses showed that the tannin pretreatment method efficiently hinders NaOl adsorption on the dolomite surface but does not affect NaOl adsorption on the magnesite surface.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations confirmed that tannin interacts more strongly with dolomite than with magnesite.展开更多
The fructose-to-furfural transformation is facing major challenges in the selectivity and high efficiency. Herein, we have developed a simple and effective approach for the selective conversion of fructose to furfural...The fructose-to-furfural transformation is facing major challenges in the selectivity and high efficiency. Herein, we have developed a simple and effective approach for the selective conversion of fructose to furfural using Hβ zeolite modified by organic acids for dealuminization to regulate its textural and acidic properties. It was found that citric acid-dealuminized Hβ zeolite possessed high specific surface areas, wide channels and high Brønsted acid amount, which facilitated the selective conversion of fructose to furfural with a maximum yield of 76.2% at433 K for 1 h in the γ-butyrolactone(GBL)-H_(2)O system, as well as the concomitant formation of 83.0% formic acid. The^(13)C-isotope labelling experiments and the mechanism revealed that the selective cleavage of C1–C2 or C5–C6 bond on fructose was firstly occurred to form pentose or C5 intermediate by weak Brønsted acid, which was then dehydrated to furfural by strong Brønsted acid. Also this dealuminized Hβ catalyst showed the great recycling performance and was active for the conversion of glucose and mannose.展开更多
基金the Horizon Europe Project“Batteries reuse and direct production of high performances cathodic and anodic materials and other raw materials from batteries recycling using low cost and environmentally friendly technologies” (RHINOCEROS project,grant no.101069685)。
文摘Lithium recovery from end-of-life Li-ion batteries(LIBs)through pyro-and hydrometallurgical recycling processes involves several refining stages,with high consumption of reagents and energy.A competitive technological alternative is the electrochemical oxidation of the cathode materials,whereby lithium can be deintercalated and transferred to an electrolyte solution without the aid of chemical extracting compounds.This article investigates the potential to selectively recover Li from LIB cathode materials by direct electrochemical extraction in aqueous solutions.The process allowed to recovering up to 98%of Li from high-purity commercial cathode materials(LiMn_(2)O_(4),LiCoO_(2),and Li Ni_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)Co_(1/3)O_(2))with a faradaic efficiency of 98%and negligible co-extraction of Co,Ni,and Mn.The process was then applied to recover Li from the real waste LIBs black mass obtained by the physical treatment of electric vehicle battery packs.This black mass contained graphite,conductive carbon,and metal impurities from current collectors and steel cases,which significantly influenced the evolution and performances of Li electrochemical extraction.Particularly,due to concomitant oxidation of impurities,lithium extraction yields and faradaic efficiencies were lower than those obtained with high-purity cathode materials.Copper oxidation was found to occur within the voltage range investigated,but it could not quantitatively explain the reduced Li extraction performances.In fact,a detailed investigation revealed that above 1.3 V vs.Ag/Ag Cl,conductive carbon can be oxidized,contributing to the decreased Li extraction.Based on the reported experimental results,guidelines were provided that quantitatively enable the extraction of Li from the black mass,while preventing the simultaneous oxidation of impurities and,consequently,reducing the energy consumption of the proposed Li recovery method.
基金Funded by the Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education
文摘Copolymerization of chitosan selectively grafted by polyethylene glycol was prepared. Chitosan was selectively grafted by monomethoxy polyethylene glycol(mPEG-OH), which contained a hydroxyl group combining with hexamethylene diisocyanate(HDI) to form a novel macromonomer namely monomethoxy polyethylene glycol isocyanate(mPEG-NCO) containing a isocyanate group with higher chemical activity in ethyl glyoxalate solution absolutely without water. The selective grafted copolymerization of Chitosan with mPEG-NCO was conducted under heterogeneous conditions as suspension in dimethylformamide. The hydrophilic copolymers of chitosan were prepared by condensation reaction of isocyanate group on mPEG- NCO with hydroxy groups on chitosan chains because amino groups on chitosan chains were protected by complexion formation with copper ions. The effect of reaction condition on the grafting extents was discussed. Swelling properties of mPEG-g-CS were researched. The graft copolymer mPEG-g-CS was characterized by the infrared spectra. The experimental result showed that the copper ions were very effective to protect amino groups from condensation reaction. The swelling degree in water increases with adding of grafting ratio. The maximum swelling degree was up to above 132% when the grafting ratio was about 270%. The graft copolymer can be soluble partially in pure water.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51973052,51473047 and 52003077)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2019CFB396)for the support of this work.
文摘In this study,CuO nanoparticles are pre-modified with styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers(SMAs)of different molecular weights and MAH contents.Then the pre-modified CuO nanoparticles(CuO-SMAs)are added to the PA6/SEBS(Styrene Ethylene Butylene Styrene copolymer)(40/60 wt/wt)polymer blends with a co-continuous morphology.When SMA3(MAH=8 wt%,M_(n)=250000 g/mol)is used to modify CuO nanoparticles,and the grafting degree of SMA3 on the surface of CuO reaches 2.74 wt%,90.71%of the added mCuO-SMA3 nanoparticles can be located at the interface of PA6 and SEBS.A porous PA6 membrane with CuO nanoparticles located at the pore walls can be obtained after the SEBS phase is etched with xylene.The catalytic reaction velocity constant(k)for the reduction of p-nitrophenol in NaBH_(4)solutions with the PA6/mCuO-SMA3 porous membrane can reach 1.0040 min^(-1).This work provides a feasible and straightforward method for the preparation of porous polymer membranes with functional nanoparticles located at the wall of the pores.
基金The authors acknowledge North Dakota State University Center for Computationally Assisted Science and Technology for computing resources.This work was financially supported by grants from the National Cancer Institute(R21CA270748,R03CA252783)and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences(U54GM128729)of National Institutes of Health to D.S.,NDSU EPSCoR STEM Research and Education fund(FAR0032086)to D.S.,ND EPSCoR:Advancing Science Excellence in ND(FAR0030554)to D.S.,and National Science Foundation(NSF)under NSF EPSCoR Track-1 Cooperative Agreement(OIA no.1355466)to D.S.,the National Institue of General Medical Sciences(P20GM109036)to J.F.,NSF under NSF OIA ND-ACES(award no.1946202)to W.X.,and NDSU Foundation and Alumni Association to D.S.
文摘Pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is one of the most deadly cancers,characterized by extremely limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis,as it is often diagnosed during late disease stages.Innovative and selective treatments are urgently needed,since current therapies have limited efficacy and significant side effects.Through proteomics analysis of extracellular vesicles,we discovered an imbalanced distribution of amino acids secreted by PDAC tumor cells.Our findings revealed that PDAC cells preferentially excrete proteins with certain preferential amino acids,including isoleucine and histidine,via extracellular vesicles.These amino acids are associated with disease progression and can be targeted to elicit selective toxicity to PDAC tumor cells.Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that supplementation with these specific amino acids effectively eradicated PDAC cells.Mechanistically,we also identified XRN1 as a potential target for these amino acids.The high selectivity of this treatment method allows for specific targeting of tumor metabolism with very low toxicity to normal tissues.Furthermore,we found this treatment approach is easy-to-administer and with sustained tumor-killing effects.Together,our findings reveal that exocytosed amino acids may serve as therapeutic targets for designing treatments of intractable PDAC and potentially offer alternative treatments for other types of cancers.
基金the Program of Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province of China(No.20200201099JC)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21871249 and 22105197).
文摘Artemisinin and its derivatives have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for cancer therapy by endogenous iron-mediated generation of free radicals.However,the enhanced antioxidant defense systems in cancer cells provide them with resistance to oxidative damage,greatly antagonizing the therapeutic efficacy that relies on inducing oxidative stress.Herein,a metal-organic framework(MOF)-based nanoplatform(CMD)is constructed to disrupt the cellular redox homeostasis and selectively potentiate the cytotoxicity of dihydroartemisinin for cancer therapy.In cancer cells,the copper(II)sites in the MOF nanocarrier of CMD can efficiently weaken the cellular antioxidant capacity by depleting the overexpressed glutathione,simultaneously leading to the decomposition of the framework structure and the release of the encapsulated dihydroartemisinin.As a result,the damaged antioxidant defense system of cancer cells reduces its effect on oxidative stress alleviation and strengthens the therapeutic efficacy of dihydroartemisinin.On contrast,the low concentration of cellular glutathione in normal cells protects them from dihydroartemisinin-induced cytotoxicity by decelerating the drug release.In vivo results demonstrate that CMD could completely suppress the tumor growth in mice and show no evidence of toxicity,providing an effective strategy for the practical usage of dihydroartemisinin in cancer therapy.
文摘Background:Liver transplantation(LT)for neuroendocrine liver metastases(NELM)is still in debate.Studies comparing LT with liver resection(LR)for NELM are scarce,as patient selection is heterogeneous and experience is limited.The goal of this review was to provide a critical analysis of the evidence on LT versus LR in the treatment of NELM.Data sources:A scoping literature search on LT and LR for NELM was performed with PubMed,including English articles up to March 2023.Results:International guidelines recommend LR for NELM in resectable,well-differentiated tumors in the absence of extrahepatic metastatic disease with superior results of LR compared to systemic or liver-directed therapies.Advanced liver surgery has extended resectability criteria whilst entailing increased perioperative risk and short disease-free survival.In highly selected patients(based on the Milan criteria)with unresectable NELM,oncologic results of LT are promising.Prognostic factors include tumor biology(G1/G2)and burden,waiting time for LT,patient age and extrahepatic spread.Based on low-level evi-dence,LT for low-grade NELM within the Milan criteria resulted in improved disease-free survival and overall survival compared to LR.The benefits of LT were lost in patients beyond the Milan NELM-criteria.Conclusions:With adherence to strict selection criteria especially tumor biology,LT for NELM is becoming a valuable option providing oncologic benefits compared to LR.Recent evidence suggests even stricter selection criteria with regard to tumor biology.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (Grant Nos.2018R1A6A1A03024334,2019R1A2C1007637,2021M3I3A1082880,2021R1I1A1A01044174)the Basic Science Research Capacity Enhancement Project through Korea Basic Science Institute (Grant No.2019R1A6C1010024)。
文摘The discovery of efficient,selective,and stable electrocatalysts can be a key point to produce the largescale chemical fuels via electrochemical CO_(2) reduction(ECR).In this study,an earth-abundant and nontoxic ZnO-based electrocatalyst was developed for use in gas-diffusion electrodes(GDE),and the effect of nitrogen(N)doping on the ECR activity of ZnO electrocatalysts was investigated.Initially,a ZnO nanosheet was prepared via the hydrothermal method,and nitridation was performed at different times to control the N-doping content.With an increase in the N-doping content,the morphological properties of the nanosheet changed significantly,namely,the 2D nanosheets transformed into irregularly shaped nanoparticles.Furthermore,the ECR performance of Zn O electrocatalysts with different N-doping content was assessed in 1.0 M KHCO_(3) electrolyte using a gas-diffusion electrode-based ECR cell.While the ECR activity increased after a small amount of N doping,it decreased for higher N doping content.Among them,the N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalysts showed the best CO selectivity,with a faradaic efficiency(FE_(CO))of 92.7%at-0.73 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE),which was greater than that of an undoped Zn O electrocatalyst(FE_(CO)of 63.4%at-0.78 V_(RHE)).Also,the N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalyst exhibited outstanding durability for 16 h,with a partial current density of-92.1 mA cm^(-2).This improvement of N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalyst can be explained by density functional theory calculations,demonstrating that this improvement of N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalyst comes from(ⅰ)the optimized active sites lowering the free energy barrier for the rate-determining step(RDS),and(ⅱ)the modification of electronic structure enhancing the electron transfer rate by N doping.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42271360 and 42271399)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(CAST)(2020QNRC001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(2662021JC013,CCNU22QN018)。
文摘Ratoon rice,which refers to a second harvest of rice obtained from the regenerated tillers originating from the stubble of the first harvested crop,plays an important role in both food security and agroecology while requiring minimal agricultural inputs.However,accurately identifying ratoon rice crops is challenging due to the similarity of its spectral features with other rice cropping systems(e.g.,double rice).Moreover,images with a high spatiotemporal resolution are essential since ratoon rice is generally cultivated in fragmented croplands within regions that frequently exhibit cloudy and rainy weather.In this study,taking Qichun County in Hubei Province,China as an example,we developed a new phenology-based ratoon rice vegetation index(PRVI)for the purpose of ratoon rice mapping at a 30 m spatial resolution using a robust time series generated from Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2(HLS)images.The PRVI that incorporated the red,near-infrared,and shortwave infrared 1 bands was developed based on the analysis of spectro-phenological separability and feature selection.Based on actual field samples,the performance of the PRVI for ratoon rice mapping was carefully evaluated by comparing it to several vegetation indices,including normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),enhanced vegetation index(EVI)and land surface water index(LSWI).The results suggested that the PRVI could sufficiently capture the specific characteristics of ratoon rice,leading to a favorable separability between ratoon rice and other land cover types.Furthermore,the PRVI showed the best performance for identifying ratoon rice in the phenological phases characterized by grain filling and harvesting to tillering of the ratoon crop(GHS-TS2),indicating that only several images are required to obtain an accurate ratoon rice map.Finally,the PRVI performed better than NDVI,EVI,LSWI and their combination at the GHS-TS2 stages,with producer's accuracy and user's accuracy of 92.22 and 89.30%,respectively.These results demonstrate that the proposed PRVI based on HLS data can effectively identify ratoon rice in fragmented croplands at crucial phenological stages,which is promising for identifying the earliest timing of ratoon rice planting and can provide a fundamental dataset for crop management activities.
文摘With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and National Basic Research Program of China,the research team led by Prof.Li Yingxian(李英贤)at the State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application,China Astronaut Research and Training Center,discovered that osteoclast-derived microRNA-containing exosomes selectively inhibited osteoblast activity,which was pub-
基金Project(No.2011ZX08010-003)supported by the Ministry of Agriculture of China
文摘Human serum albumin(HSA) is widely utilized for medical purposes and biochemical research.Transgenic rice has proved to be an attractive bioreactor for mass production of recombinant HSA(rHSA).However,transgene spread is a major environmental and food safety concern for transgenic rice expressing proteins of medical value.This study aimed to develop a selectively terminable transgenic rice line expressing HSA in rice seeds,and a simple process for recovery and purification of rHSA for economical manufacture.An HSA expression cassette was inserted into a T-DNA vector encoding an RNA interference(RNAi) cassette suppressing the CYP81A6 gene.This gene detoxifies the herbicide bentazon and is linked to the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase(EPSPS) cassette which confers glyphosate tolerance.ANX Sepharose Fast Flow(ANX FF) anion exchange chromatography coupled with Butyl Sepharose High Performance(Butyl HP) hydrophobic interaction chromatography was used to purify rHSA.A transgenic rice line,HSA-84,was obtained with stable expression of rHSA of up to 0.72% of the total dry weight of the dehusked rice seeds.This line also demonstrated high sensitivity to bentazon,and thus could be killed selectively by a spray of bentazon.A two-step chromatography purification scheme was established to purify the rHSA from rice seeds to a purity of 99% with a recovery of 62.4%.Results from mass spectrometry and N-terminus sequencing suggested that the purified rHSA was identical to natural plasma-derived HSA.This study provides an alternative strategy for large-scale production of HSA with a built-in transgene safety control mechanism.
基金supported by State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining(No.GJNY-18-73.17).
文摘Electroreduction of nitrate has been gaining wide attention in recent years owing to it's beneficial for converting nitrate into benign N_(2) from the perspective of electrocatalytic denitrification or into value-added ammonia from the perspective of electrocatalytic NH_(3) synthesis.By reason of the undesired formation of ammonia is dominant during electroreduction of nitrate-containing wastewater,chloride has been widely used to improve N_(2) selectivity.Nevertheless,selective electroreduction of nitrate to N2 gas in chloride-containing system poses several drawbacks.In this review,we focus on the key strategies for efficiently enhancing N_(2) selectivity of electroreduction of nitrate in chloride-free system,including optimal selection of elements,combining an active metal catalyst with another metal,manipulating the crystalline morphology and facet orientation,constructing core–shell structure catalysts,etc.Before summarizing the strategies,four possible reaction pathways of electro-reduction of nitrate to N_(2) are discussed.Overall,this review attempts to provide practical strategies for enhancing N2 selectivity without the aid of electrochlorination and highlight directions for future research for designing appropriate electrocatalyst for final electrocatalytic denitrifi-cation.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1001400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31830062 and 32172071)+1 种基金Innovation and Application of Superior Crop Germplasm Resources of Shihezi(2021NY01)Breeding of New Cotton Varieties and Application of Transgenic Breeding Technology(2022NY01)。
文摘Cotton fiber is one of the main raw materials for the textile industry.In recent years,many cotton fiber quality QTL have been identified,but few were applied in breeding.In this study,a genome wide association study(GWAS)of fiber-quality traits in 265 upland cotton breeding intermediate lines(GhBreeding),combined with genome-wide selective sweep analysis(GSSA)and genomic selection(GS),revealed 25 QTL.Most of these QTL were ignored by only using GWAS.The CRISPR/Cas9 mutants of GhMYB_D13 had shorter fiber,which indicates the credibility of QTL to a certain extent.Then these QTL were verified in other cotton natural populations,5 stable QTL were found having broad potential for application in breeding.Additionally,among these 5 stable QTL,superior genotypes of 4 showed an enrichment in most improved new varieties widely cultivated currently.These findings provide insights for how to identify more QTL through combined multiple genomic analysis to apply in breeding.
基金funded by the Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigaciónel Desarrollo Tecnológico y la InnovaciónPICT 2015-0978。
文摘Bird plumage color has been assessed as a possible trait driving the presence of bird species in urban areas.Although some species can see the ultraviolet(UV) spectrum,the mentioned studies did not take into account UV reflectance when characterizing bird plumage.This study aimed to use a recent database of the colorfulness in passerines that incorporated the UV spectrum to compare bird colorfulness and other traits between urban parks and rural areas in Central-East Argentina.Birds in urban parks were surveyed in 51 parks in 6 cities during breeding and non-breeding seasons.A list of Passeriformes species from parks was created,and a list of urban avoider species was created from the bibliography.Species traits were body mass,clutch size,migratory status,nesting site,diet and habitat breadth,and plumage colorfulness.A total of 85 species were detected in the regional pool,of which 30 species were detected in urban parks.Bird species present in urban parks were more colorful than bird species only present in rural areas.In addition,bird presence in urban parks was positively related to their regional frequency and diet breadth.Moreover,urban presence was related to nesting on trees and buildings,whereas species not present in urban parks nested on the ground.The results obtained showed that bird color is significantly associated with presence of bird species in urban parks.
基金funding from several sources,including the Chongqing Scientific Research Institution Performance Incentive Project(grant number cstc2022jxjl80007)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(grant number CARS-42-51)+5 种基金the Chongqing Scientific Research Institution Performance Incentive Project(grant number 22527 J)the Key R&D Project in Agriculture and Animal Husbandry of Rongchang(grant number No.22534C-22)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Project,grant number CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0434Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Project,grant number 2022NSFSC0605Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Project,grant number 2021YFS0379the Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development Project(grant number No.cstc2021ycjh-bgzxm0248)。
文摘Background Domestic goose breeds are descended from either the Swan goose(Anser cygnoides)or the Greylag goose(Anser anser),exhibiting variations in body size,reproductive performance,egg production,feather color,and other phenotypic traits.Constructing a pan-genome facilitates a thorough identification of genetic variations,thereby deepening our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying genetic diversity and phenotypic variability.Results To comprehensively facilitate population genomic and pan-genomic analyses in geese,we embarked on the task of 659 geese whole genome resequencing data and compiling a database of 155 RNA-seq samples.By constructing the pan-genome for geese,we generated non-reference contigs totaling 612 Mb,unveiling a collection of 2,813 novel genes and pinpointing 15,567 core genes,1,324 softcore genes,2,734 shell genes,and 878 cloud genes in goose genomes.Furthermore,we detected an 81.97 Mb genomic region showing signs of genome selection,encompassing the TGFBR2 gene correlated with variations in body weight among geese.Genome-wide association studies utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and presence-absence variation revealed significant genomic associations with various goose meat quality,reproductive,and body composition traits.For instance,a gene encoding the SVEP1 protein was linked to carcass oblique length,and a distinct gene-CDS haplotype of the SVEP1 gene exhibited an association with carcass oblique length.Notably,the pan-genome analysis revealed enrichment of variable genes in the“hair follicle maturation”Gene Ontology term,potentially linked to the selection of feather-related traits in geese.A gene presence-absence variation analysis suggested a reduced frequency of genes associated with“regulation of heart contraction”in domesticated geese compared to their wild counterparts.Our study provided novel insights into gene expression features and functions by integrating gene expression patterns across multiple organs and tissues in geese and analyzing population variation.Conclusion This accomplishment originates from the discernment of a multitude of selection signals and candidate genes associated with a wide array of traits,thereby markedly enhancing our understanding of the processes underlying domestication and breeding in geese.Moreover,assembling the pan-genome for geese has yielded a comprehensive apprehension of the goose genome,establishing it as an indispensable asset poised to offer innovative viewpoints and make substantial contributions to future geese breeding initiatives.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22368014)the Guizhou Provincial S&T Project(ZK[2022]011,GCC[2023]011)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(2023JJA120098)the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Materials and Safety Technology,the Beibu Gulf University(2022SYSZZ02,2022ZZKT04)the Guizhou Provincial Higher Education Institution Program(Qianjiaoji[2023]082)。
文摘Selective cleavage of Csp^(2)-OCH_(3)bond in lignin without breaking other types of C-O bonds followed by N-functionalization is fascinating for on-purpose valorization of biomass.Here,a Co/Ni-based dual-atom catalyst CoNiDA@NC prepared by in-situ evaporation and acid-etching of metal species from tailor-made metal–organic frameworks was efficient for reductive upgrading of various lignin-derived phenols to cyclohexanols(88.5%–99.9%yields),which had ca.4 times higher reaction rate than the single-atom catalyst and was superior to state-of-the-art heterogeneous catalysts.The synergistic catalysis of Co/Ni dual atoms facilitated both hydrogen dissociation and hydrogenolysis steps,and could optimize adsorption configuration of lignin-derived methoxylated phenols to further favor the Csp^(2)-OCH_(3)cleavage,as elaborated by theoretical calculations.Notably,the CoNi_(DA)@NC catalyst was highly recyclable,and exhibited excellent demethoxylation performance(77.1%yield)in real lignin monomer mixtures.Via in-situ cascade conversion processes assisted by dual-atom catalysis,various high-value N-containing chemicals,including caprolactams and cyclohexylamines,could be produced from lignin.
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province(YDZJ202101ZYTS185)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975250)。
文摘Antimony-based anodes have attracted wide attention in potassium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical specific capacities(∼660 mA h g^(-1))and suitable voltage platforms.However,severe capacity fading caused by huge volume change and limited ion transportation hinders their practical applications.Recently,strategies for controlling the morphologies of Sb-based materials to improve the electrochemical performances have been proposed.Among these,the two-dimensional Sb(2D-Sb)materials present excellent properties due to shorted ion immigration paths and enhanced ion diffusion.Nevertheless,the synthetic methods are usually tedious,and even the mechanism of these strategies remains elusive,especially how to obtain large-scale 2D-Sb materials.Herein,a novel strategy to synthesize 2D-Sb material using a straightforward solvothermal method without the requirement of a complex nanostructure design is provided.This method leverages the selective adsorption of aldehyde groups in furfural to induce crystal growth,while concurrently reducing and coating a nitrogen-doped carbon layer.Compared to the reported methods,it is simpler,more efficient,and conducive to the production of composite nanosheets with uniform thickness(3–4 nm).The 2D-Sb@NC nanosheet anode delivers an extremely high capacity of 504.5 mA h g^(-1) at current densities of 100 mA g^(-1) and remains stable for more than 200 cycles.Through characterizations and molecular dynamic simulations,how potassium storage kinetics between 2D Sb-based materials and bulk Sb-based materials are explored,and detailed explanations are provided.These findings offer novel insights into the development of durable 2D alloy-based anodes for next-generation potassium-ion batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51974064,52174239,and 52374259)the Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Utiliza-tion of the Ministry of Education,China (No.23kfgk02).
文摘Flotation separation of magnesite and its calcium-containing carbonate minerals is a difficult problem.Recently,new regulat-ors have been proposed for magnesite flotation decalcification,although traditional regulators such as tannin,water glass,sodium carbon-ate,and sodium hexametaphosphate are more widely used in industry.However,they are rarely used as the main regulators in research because they perform poorly in magnesite and dolomite single-mineral flotation tests.Inspired by the limonite presedimentation method and the addition of a regulator to magnesite slurry mixing,we used a tannin pretreatment method for separating magnesite and dolomite.Microflotation experiments confirmed that the tannin pretreatment method selectively and largely reduces the flotation recovery rate of dolomite without affecting the flotation recovery rate of magnesite.Moreover,the contact angles of the tannin-pretreated magnesite and dolomite increased and decreased,respectively,in the presence of NaOl.Zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared analyses showed that the tannin pretreatment method efficiently hinders NaOl adsorption on the dolomite surface but does not affect NaOl adsorption on the magnesite surface.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations confirmed that tannin interacts more strongly with dolomite than with magnesite.
基金supported by Program for National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22178135,21978104 and 22278419)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2101601)。
文摘The fructose-to-furfural transformation is facing major challenges in the selectivity and high efficiency. Herein, we have developed a simple and effective approach for the selective conversion of fructose to furfural using Hβ zeolite modified by organic acids for dealuminization to regulate its textural and acidic properties. It was found that citric acid-dealuminized Hβ zeolite possessed high specific surface areas, wide channels and high Brønsted acid amount, which facilitated the selective conversion of fructose to furfural with a maximum yield of 76.2% at433 K for 1 h in the γ-butyrolactone(GBL)-H_(2)O system, as well as the concomitant formation of 83.0% formic acid. The^(13)C-isotope labelling experiments and the mechanism revealed that the selective cleavage of C1–C2 or C5–C6 bond on fructose was firstly occurred to form pentose or C5 intermediate by weak Brønsted acid, which was then dehydrated to furfural by strong Brønsted acid. Also this dealuminized Hβ catalyst showed the great recycling performance and was active for the conversion of glucose and mannose.