High adsorption selectivity of activated carbon and carbon molecular sieve boosting CO_(2)/N_(2) and CH_(4)/N_(2) separation

Flue gas and coal bed methane are two important sources of greenhouse gases.Pressure swing adsorption process has a wide range of application in the field of gas separation,and the selection of adsorbent is crucial.In this regard,in order to assess the better adsorbent for separating CO_(2) from flue gas and CH_(4) from coal bed methane,adsorption isotherms of CO_(2),CH_(4) and N_(2) on activated carbon and carbon molecular sieve are measured at 303.15,318.15 and 333.15 K,and up to 250 kPa.The experimental data fit better with Langmuir 2 compared to Langmuir 3 and Langmuir-Freundlich models,and Clausius-Clapeyron equation was used to calculate the isosteric heat.Both the order of the adsorbed amount and the adsorption heat on the two adsorbents are CO_(2)>CH_(4)>N_(2).The adsorption kinetics are calculated by the pseudo-first kinetic model,and the order of adsorption rates on activated carbon is N_(2)-CH_(4)>CO_(2),while on carbon molecular sieve,it is CO_(2)-N_(2)>CH_(4).It is shown that relative molecular mass and adsorption heat are the primary effect on kinetics for activated carbon,while kinetic diameter is the main resistance factor for carbon molecular sieve.Moreover,the adsorption selectivity of CH_(4)/N_(2) and CO_(2)/N_(2) were estimated with the ideal adsorption solution theory,and carbon molecular sieve performed best at 318.15 K for both CO_(2) and CH_(4) separation.The study suggested that activated carbon is a better choice for separating flue gas and carbon molecular sieve can be a strong candidate for separating coal bed methane.

Enhancing selectivity in acidic CO_(2)electrolysis:Cation effects and catalyst innovation

The electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)(eCO_(2)R)under ambient conditions is crucial for reducing carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality.Despite progress with alkaline and neutral elec-trolytes,their efficiency is limited by(bi)carbonates formation.Acidic media have emerged as a solution,addressing the(bi)carbonates challenge but introducing the issue of the hydrogen evolu-tion reaction(HER),which reduces CO_(2)conversion efficiency in acidic environments.This review focuses on enhancing the selectivity of acidic CO_(2)electrolysis.It commences with an overview of the latest advancements in acidic CO_(2)electrolysis,focusing on product selectivity and electrocatalytic activity enhancements.It then delves into the critical factors shaping selectivity in acidic CO_(2)elec-trolysis,with a special emphasis on the influence of cations and catalyst design.Finally,the research challenges and personal perspectives of acidic CO_(2)electrolysis are suggested.

Approaches to Improving Selectivity During Photoelectrochemical Transformation of Small Molecules

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) small-molecule oxidation can selectively transform substrates into high-value-added fine chemicals and increase the rate of cathode hydrogen evolution. Nevertheless, achieving high-selectivity PEC oxidation of small molecules to produce specific products is a very challenging task. In general, selectivity can be improved by changing the surface catalyticsites of the photoanode and modulating the interfacial environments of the reactions. Herein, recent advances in approaches to improving selective PEC oxidation of small molecules are introduced. We first briefly discuss the basic concept and fundamentals of small-molecule PEC oxidation. The reported approaches to improving the performance of selective PEC oxidation of small molecules are highlighted from two aspects: (1) changing the surface properties of photoanodes by selecting suitable materials or modifying the photoanodes and (2) mediating the oxidation reactions using redox mediators. The PEC oxidation mechanism of these studies is emphasized. We also discuss the challenges in this research direction and offer a perspective on the further development of selective PEC-based small-molecule transformation.

An mmWave Dual-Band Integrated Substrate Gap Waveguide Single Cavity Filter with Frequency Selectivity

A novel dual-band ISGW cavity filter with enhanced frequency selectivity is proposed in this paper by utilizing a multi-mode coupling topology.Its cavity is designed to control the number of modes,and then the ports are determined by analyzing the coupling relationship between these selected modes.By synthesizing the coupling matrix of the filter,a nonresonating node(NRN)structure is introduced to flexibly tune the frequency of modes,which gets a dualband and quad-band filtering response from a tri-band filter no the NRN.Furthermore,a frequency selective surface(FSS)has been newly designed as the upper surface of the cavity,which significantly improves the bad out-of-band suppression and frequency selectivity that often exists in most traditional cavity filter designs and measurements.The results show that its two center frequencies are f01=27.50 GHz and f02=32.92GHz,respectively.Compared with the dual-band filter that there is no the FSS metasurface,the out-of-band suppression level is improved from measured 5 dB to18 dB,and its finite transmission zero(FTZ)numbers is increased from measured 1 to 4 between the two designed bands.Compared with the tri-band and quadband filter,its passband bandwidth is expanded from measured 1.17%,1.14%,and 1.13% or 1.31%,1.50%,0.56%,and 0.57% to 1.71% and 1.87%.In addition,the filter has compact,small,and lightweight characteristics.

Tuning the selectivity of natural oils and fatty acids/esters deoxygenation to biofuels and fatty alcohols:A review

The chemical transformation of natural oils provides alternatives to limited fossil fuels and produces compounds with added value for the chemical industries.The selective deoxygenation of natural oils to diesel-ranged hydrocarbons,bio-jet fuels,or fatty alcohols with controllable selectivity is especially attractive in natural oil feedstock biorefineries.This review presents recent progress in catalytic deoxygenation of natural oils or related model compounds(e.g.,fatty acids)to renewable liquid fuels(green diesel and bio-jet fuels)and valuable fatty alcohols(unsaturated and saturated fatty alcohols).Besides,it discusses and compares the existing and potential strategies to control the product selectivity over heterogeneous catalysts.Most research conducted and reviewed has only addressed the production of one category;therefore,a new integrative vision exploring how to direct the process toward fuel and/or chemicals is urgently needed.Thus,work conducted to date addressing the development of new catalysts and studying the influence of the reaction parameters(e.g.,temperature,time and hydrogen pressure)is summarized and critically discussed from a green and sustainable perspective using efficiency indicators(e.g.,yields,selectivity,turnover frequencies and catalysts lifetime).Special attention has been given to the chemical transformations occurring to identify key descriptors to tune the selectivity toward target products by manipulating the reaction conditions and the structures of the catalysts.Finally,the challenges and future research goals to develop novel and holistic natural oil biorefineries are proposed.As a result,this critical review provides the readership with appropriate information to selectively control the transformation of natural oils into either biofuels and/or value-added chemicals.This new flexible vision can help pave the wave to suit the present and future market needs.

Switching CO_(2) Electroreduction Selectivity Between C_(1) and C_(2) Hydrocarbons on Cu Gas-Diffusion Electrodes

Regulating the selectivity toward a target hydrocarbon product is still the focus of CO_(2)electroreduction.Here,we discover that the original surface Cu species in Cu gas-diffusion electrodes plays a more important role than the surface roughness,local pH,and facet in governing the selectivity toward C_(1)or C_(2)hydrocarbons.The selectivity toward C_(2)H_(4) progressively increases,while CH_(4) decreases steadily upon lowering the Cu oxidation species fraction.At a relatively low electrodeposition voltage of 1.5 V,the Cu gas-diffusion electrode with the highest Cu^(δ+)/Cu^(0)ratio favors the pathways of∗CO hydrogenation to form CH_(4) with maximum Faradaic efficiency of 65.4%and partial current density of 228 mA cm^(−2)at−0.83 V vs RHE.At 2.0 V,the Cu gas-diffusion electrode with the lowest Cu^(δ+)/Cu^(0)ratio prefers C-C coupling to form C_(2)+products with Faradaic efficiency topping 80.1%at−0.75 V vs RHE,where the Faradaic efficiency of C_(2)H_(4) accounts for 46.4%and the partial current density of C_(2)H_(4) achieves 279 mA cm^(−2).This work demonstrates that the selectivity from CH_(4) to C_(2)H_(4) is switchable by tuning surface Cu species composition of Cu gas-diffusion electrodes.

Effect of samarium on the N_(2) selectivity of Sm_(x)Mn_(0.3-x)Ti catalysts during selective catalytic reduction of NO_(x) with NH_(3)

This work aims to study the improvement effect of Sm on Mn-based catalysts for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3.A series of Sm_(x)Mn_(0.3-x)-xTi catalysts (x=0,0.1,0.15,0.2,and 0.3) were prepared by co-precipitation.Activity tests indicated that the Sm_(0.15)Mn_(0.15)Ti catalyst showed superior performances,with a NO conversion of 100%and N_(2)selectivity above 87%at 180–300℃.The characterizations showed that Sm doping suppressed the crystallization of TiO_(2)and Mn2O3phases and increased the specific surface area and acidity.In particular,the surface area increased from 152.2 m^(2)·g^(-1)for Mn0.3Ti to 241.7 m^(2)·g^(-1)for Sm_(0.15)Mn_(0.15)Ti.These effects contributed to the high catalytic activity.The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated that the relative atomic ratios of Sm^(3+)/Sm and Oβ/O of Sm_(0.15)Mn_(0.15)Ti were 76.77at%and 44.11at%,respectively.The presence of Sm contributed to an increase in surface-absorbed oxygen (Oβ) and a decrease in Mn^(4+)surface concentration,which improved the catalytic activity.In the results of hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction(H_(2)-TPR),the presence of Sm induced a higher reduction temperature and lower H_(2)consumption (0.3 mmol·g^(-1)) for the Sm_(0.15)Mn_(0.15)Ti catalyst compared to the Mn0.3Ti catalyst.The decrease in Mn^(4+)weakened the redox property of the catalysts and increased the N_(2)selectivity by suppressing N_(2)O formation from NH3oxidation and the nonselective catalytic reduction reaction.The in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra (DRIFTs) revealed that NH3-SCR of NO over the Sm_(0.15)Mn_(0.15)Ti catalyst mainly followed the Eley–Rideal mechanism.Sm doping increased surface-absorbed oxygen and weakened the redox property to improve the NO conversion and N_(2)selectivity of the Sm_(0.15)Mn_(0.15)Ti catalyst.

High Ion-Selectivity of Garnet Solid Electrolyte Enabling Separation of Metallic Lithium

Ionic selectivity is of significant importance in both fundamental science and practical applications.For instance,an ion-selective material allows the passage of a particular kind of ions while blocking the others,which could be used for purification of materials.Herein,the Li-ion-selectivity of a garnet-type solid electrolyte is discussed by comparing the difference of activation energy between different ions migrating in solids.The high ion-selectivity is confirmed by harvesting high-purity metallic lithium(99.98 wt%)from low-lithium-purity sources(80 wt%)at a moderate temperature(190℃).This gives it huge potential in separating lithium with impurities especially alkali and alkali-earth elements.The cost of metallic lithium production is only 25%of the international lithium price.The proposed electrochemical metallic lithium separating method is advantageous compared with the traditional process in terms of efficiency,safety,and cost.

Grazing rate and feeding selectivity of small and large bodied cladocerans in waters from lakes with different salinity and phytoplankton structure

Cladocera are filter feeders abundant in freshwaters,which consume phytoplankton particles in wide size and taxonomic ranges.The ability of cladocerans to control phytoplankton abundance by grazing is determined by various factors including the characteristics of phytoplankton.Freshwater salinization may reduce the strength of top-down grazing control of phytoplankton because of the detrimental effects of salinity on the grazing intensity of zooplankters.We performed grazing experiments with two species of Cladocera of different body lengths to test their ability to graze on phytoplankton in natural waters differing in salinity and size and taxonomic composition of food particles.Grazing experiments demonstrated that the grazing rate was mostly controlled by the abundance of phytoplankton in the medium.The grazing rate was reduced at salinity ca.above 3 g/L of NaCl in the medium.The lower grazing rate was observed in the medium with larger phytoplankton particles.Both species predominantly consumed phytoplankton particles with a diameter of 6-12μm,which may shift the size distribution of phytoplankton towards a larger average diameter of particles.The taxon-specific feeding was also observed,as both species predominantly consumed diatom algae.Thus,we found that because of grazing,the size and taxonomic characteristics of phytoplankton are shifted towards a less edible community.The detrimental effect of elevated salinity on grazing rate supports growing concern about freshwater salinization negatively affecting water quality,particularly reducing top-down grazing control of phytoplankton.

A review on the extraction and separation of andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata:extraction selectivity,current challenges and strategies

Andrographolide is the main active ingredient of Andrographis paniculata(Burm.f.)Nees,known as“natural antibiotic”.Here,for the purpose of discovering a more efficient,low-cost extraction and separation method,the research status of andrographolide was reviewed.At present,researches only take extraction rate as the only index to optimize extraction parameters,but ignores the importance of extraction selectivity.It is usually meaningless to blindly pursue the extraction rate without considering the difficulty and cost of subsequent separation.So,factors affecting extraction selectivity such as solvent choice,temperature and physicochemical effects caused by extraction technique itself,are first discussed.Different extraction techniques for andrographolide were discussed by comparing the selectivity,efficiency and cost of extraction.The separation procedures of andrographolide such as decolorization,impurity removal,crystallization,membrane separation,solid-phase extraction and partition chromatography and their challenges and possible strategies are also discussed.It is hoped that this review can provide guidance for researchers who are committed to advancing the field of andrographolide extraction and purification.

Towards the selectivity distinction of phenol hydrogenation on noble metal catalysts

Selective hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone is intriguing in chemical industry.Though a few catalysts with promising performances have been developed in recent years,the basic principle for catalyst design is still missing owing to the unclear catalytic mechanism.This work tries to unravel the mechanism of phenol hydro-genation and the reasons causing the selectivity discrepancy on noble metal catalysts under mild conditions.Results show that different reaction pathways always firstly converge to the formation of cyclohexanone under mild conditions.The selectivity discrepancy mainly depends on the activity for cyclohexanone sequential hy-drogenation,in which two factors are found to be responsible,i.e.the hydrogenation energy barrier and the competitive chemisorption between phenol and cyclohexanone,if the specific co-catalyzing effect of H 2 O on Ru is not considered.Based on the above results,a quantitative descriptor,E b(one/pl)/E a,in which E a can be further correlated to the d band center of the noble metal catalyst,is proposed by the first time to roughly evaluate and predict the selectivity to cyclohexanone for catalyst screening.

Synergetic enhancement of selectivity for electroreduction of CO_(2)to C_(2)H_(4)by crystal facet engineering and tandem catalysis over silver-incorporated-cuprous oxides

Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction to C_(2)H_(4)can provide a sustainable route to reduce globally accelerating CO_(2)emissions and produce energy-rich chemical feedstocks.However,the poor selectivity in C_(2)H_(4)electrosynthesis limits its implementation in industrially interesting processes.Herein,we report a composite structured catalyst composed of Ag and Cu_(2)O with different crystal faces to achieve highly efficient reduction of CO_(2)to C_(2)H_(4).The catalyst composed of Ag and octahedral Cu_(2)O enclosed with(111)facet exhibits the best CO_(2)electroreduction performance,with the Faradaic efficiency(FE)and partial current density reaching 66.8%and 17.8 mA cm2 for C_(2)H_(4)product at-1.2 VRHE in 0.5 M KHCO_(3),respectively.Physical characterization and electrochemical test analysis indicate that the high selectivity for C_(2)H_(4)product stems from the synergistic effect of crystal faces control engineering and tandem catalysis.Specifically,Ag can provide optimal availability of CO intermediate by suppressing hydrogen evolution;subsequently,C-C coupling is promoted on the intimate surface of Cu_(2)O with facetdependent selectivity.The insights gained from this work may be beneficial for designing efficient multicomponent catalysts for improving the selectivity of electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction to generate C2þproducts.

Consequences of Insufficient Selectivity in Quantitative and Qualitative Chemical Analysis

A problem in chemical analysis in connection with measurements of a substance normally occurring in a sample, or identification of a substance which should not exist in a sample, is insufficient selectivity. In this article, we analyze this problem and propose remedies. We use a real doping case to illustrate how chemical noise causes a serious selectivity problem, probably causing a false positive outcome.

基于SELECT理念腹腔镜下保留脾脏的胰体尾切除

腹腔镜下胰体尾切除术目前已经成为治疗胰腺体尾部肿瘤的标准术式。而腹腔镜下保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术由于可保留脾脏功能,减少脾切除术后并发症,越来越受到重视。然而,胰腺肿瘤发病隐匿、解剖位置复杂,这些对其诊断和保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术带来了挑战。近年来,我们团队积累了丰富的胰腺肿瘤诊疗经验,创新提出“SELECT”(S-Single-Operator Cholangiopancreatoscopy,E-ERCP,L-Laparoscopy,E-Endoscopic ultrasound,C-Choledochoscopy/Confocal laser endomicroscopy,T-Traditional Chinese medicine)多镜组合中西医微创诊治理念。根据胰腺肿瘤的类型及特点,应用多种内镜和腹腔镜技术,多种不同微创诊疗方法的优选组合,围手术期采用中医药,进行中西医结合加速康复。将SELECT理念充分应用于腹腔镜下保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术,有利于术前精准诊断、术中精准切除、术后并发症预判和治疗,一站式诊治胰腺肿瘤,使病人利益最大化。

基于DTA-FSAF的无人机小目标检测研究

随着无人机的应用越来越广泛,基于无人机下的交通场景目标检测的需求也越来越高。但是现有算法在无人机视角下检测精度不高,鲁棒性也不够稳定。为了解决交通场景下无人机视角的车辆和行人的目标检测问题,该文提出DTA-FSAF的目标检测网络。首先,将可变形卷积融入骨干网络ResNet-50中提高FSAF网络(Feature Selective Anchor-Free)的特征学习能力,采用PAFPN(Path Aggregation Feature Pyramid Network)实现多尺度融合,从而提高小目标的检测精度与网络的拟合能力;其次,使用任务对齐检测头减小网络的分类与定位任务在检测小目标时出现的分类与定位任务的错位,从而进一步提高网络的鲁棒性;最后,通过调整IoU损失提高网络整体的检测效果。通过在无人机数据集VisDrone上进行实验和分析比较可知,相比于其他网络,在不同的交通场景下,DTA-FSAF网络在满足实时性需求的同时检测精度达到了41.3%。相比于FSAF网络提升了19.6%。通过实验证明改进算法能有效地在各种复杂交通场景下完成对行人和车辆的目标检测。

Surface engineering of ZnO electrocatalyst by N doping towards electrochemical CO_(2) reduction

The discovery of efficient,selective,and stable electrocatalysts can be a key point to produce the largescale chemical fuels via electrochemical CO_(2) reduction(ECR).In this study,an earth-abundant and nontoxic ZnO-based electrocatalyst was developed for use in gas-diffusion electrodes(GDE),and the effect of nitrogen(N)doping on the ECR activity of ZnO electrocatalysts was investigated.Initially,a ZnO nanosheet was prepared via the hydrothermal method,and nitridation was performed at different times to control the N-doping content.With an increase in the N-doping content,the morphological properties of the nanosheet changed significantly,namely,the 2D nanosheets transformed into irregularly shaped nanoparticles.Furthermore,the ECR performance of Zn O electrocatalysts with different N-doping content was assessed in 1.0 M KHCO_(3) electrolyte using a gas-diffusion electrode-based ECR cell.While the ECR activity increased after a small amount of N doping,it decreased for higher N doping content.Among them,the N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalysts showed the best CO selectivity,with a faradaic efficiency(FE_(CO))of 92.7%at-0.73 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE),which was greater than that of an undoped Zn O electrocatalyst(FE_(CO)of 63.4%at-0.78 V_(RHE)).Also,the N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalyst exhibited outstanding durability for 16 h,with a partial current density of-92.1 mA cm^(-2).This improvement of N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalyst can be explained by density functional theory calculations,demonstrating that this improvement of N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalyst comes from(ⅰ)the optimized active sites lowering the free energy barrier for the rate-determining step(RDS),and(ⅱ)the modification of electronic structure enhancing the electron transfer rate by N doping.

Dealuminated Hβ zeolite for selective conversion of fructose to furfural and formic acid

The fructose-to-furfural transformation is facing major challenges in the selectivity and high efficiency. Herein, we have developed a simple and effective approach for the selective conversion of fructose to furfural using Hβ zeolite modified by organic acids for dealuminization to regulate its textural and acidic properties. It was found that citric acid-dealuminized Hβ zeolite possessed high specific surface areas, wide channels and high Brønsted acid amount, which facilitated the selective conversion of fructose to furfural with a maximum yield of 76.2% at433 K for 1 h in the γ-butyrolactone(GBL)-H_(2)O system, as well as the concomitant formation of 83.0% formic acid. The^(13)C-isotope labelling experiments and the mechanism revealed that the selective cleavage of C1–C2 or C5–C6 bond on fructose was firstly occurred to form pentose or C5 intermediate by weak Brønsted acid, which was then dehydrated to furfural by strong Brønsted acid. Also this dealuminized Hβ catalyst showed the great recycling performance and was active for the conversion of glucose and mannose.

Recent developments in selective laser processes for wearable devices

Recently,the increasing interest in wearable technology for personal healthcare and smart virtual/augmented reality applications has led to the development of facile fabrication methods.Lasers have long been used to develop original solutions to such challenging technological problems due to their remote,sterile,rapid,and site-selective processing of materials.In this review,recent developments in relevant laser processes are summarized under two separate categories.First,transformative approaches,such as for laser-induced graphene,are introduced.In addition to design optimization and the alteration of a native substrate,the latest advances under a transformative approach now enable more complex material compositions and multilayer device configurations through the simultaneous transformation of heterogeneous precursors,or the sequential addition of functional layers coupled with other electronic elements.In addition,the more conventional laser techniques,such as ablation,sintering,and synthesis,can still be used to enhance the functionality of an entire system through the expansion of applicable materials and the adoption of new mechanisms.Later,various wearable device components developed through the corresponding laser processes are discussed,with an emphasis on chemical/physical sensors and energy devices.In addition,special attention is given to applications that use multiple laser sources or processes,which lay the foundation for the all-laser fabrication of wearable devices.

Artificial intelligence-driven radiomics study in cancer:the role of feature engineering and modeling

Modern medicine is reliant on various medical imaging technologies for non-invasively observing patients’anatomy.However,the interpretation of medical images can be highly subjective and dependent on the expertise of clinicians.Moreover,some potentially useful quantitative information in medical images,especially that which is not visible to the naked eye,is often ignored during clinical practice.In contrast,radiomics performs high-throughput feature extraction from medical images,which enables quantitative analysis of medical images and prediction of various clinical endpoints.Studies have reported that radiomics exhibits promising performance in diagnosis and predicting treatment responses and prognosis,demonstrating its potential to be a non-invasive auxiliary tool for personalized medicine.However,radiomics remains in a developmental phase as numerous technical challenges have yet to be solved,especially in feature engineering and statistical modeling.In this review,we introduce the current utility of radiomics by summarizing research on its application in the diagnosis,prognosis,and prediction of treatment responses in patients with cancer.We focus on machine learning approaches,for feature extraction and selection during feature engineering and for imbalanced datasets and multi-modality fusion during statistical modeling.Furthermore,we introduce the stability,reproducibility,and interpretability of features,and the generalizability and interpretability of models.Finally,we offer possible solutions to current challenges in radiomics research.

Liver transplantation as an alternative for the treatment of neuroendocrine liver metastasis: Appraisal of the current evidence

Background:Liver transplantation(LT)for neuroendocrine liver metastases(NELM)is still in debate.Studies comparing LT with liver resection(LR)for NELM are scarce,as patient selection is heterogeneous and experience is limited.The goal of this review was to provide a critical analysis of the evidence on LT versus LR in the treatment of NELM.Data sources:A scoping literature search on LT and LR for NELM was performed with PubMed,including English articles up to March 2023.Results:International guidelines recommend LR for NELM in resectable,well-differentiated tumors in the absence of extrahepatic metastatic disease with superior results of LR compared to systemic or liver-directed therapies.Advanced liver surgery has extended resectability criteria whilst entailing increased perioperative risk and short disease-free survival.In highly selected patients(based on the Milan criteria)with unresectable NELM,oncologic results of LT are promising.Prognostic factors include tumor biology(G1/G2)and burden,waiting time for LT,patient age and extrahepatic spread.Based on low-level evi-dence,LT for low-grade NELM within the Milan criteria resulted in improved disease-free survival and overall survival compared to LR.The benefits of LT were lost in patients beyond the Milan NELM-criteria.Conclusions:With adherence to strict selection criteria especially tumor biology,LT for NELM is becoming a valuable option providing oncologic benefits compared to LR.Recent evidence suggests even stricter selection criteria with regard to tumor biology.