Grey Incidence Analysis on the Suitability of International Standards for Chinese Industries

Based on the Grey system theory,thispaper establishes the Grey model for suitability ofinternational standards for Chinese industries.Wealso discuss the methods of determining the level ofsuitability and the application of the Grey model inadopting international standards.

Research on batch multielement rapid quantitative analysis based on the standard curve-assisted calibration-free laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy method

This study proposes a batch rapid quantitative analysis method for multiple elements by combining the advantages of standard curve(SC)and calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(CF-LIBS)technology to achieve synchronous,rapid,and accurate measurement of elements in a large number of samples,namely,SC-assisted CF-LIBS.Al alloy standard samples,divided into calibration and test samples,were applied to validate the proposed method.SC was built based on the characteristic line of Pb and Cr in the calibration sample,and the contents of Pb and Cr in the test sample were calculated with relative errors of 6%and 4%,respectively.SC built using Cr with multiple characteristic lines yielded better calculation results.The relative contents of ten elements in the test sample were calculated using CF-LIBS.Subsequently,the SC-assisted CF-LIBS was executed,with the majority of the calculation relative errors falling within the range of 2%-5%.Finally,the Al and Na contents of the Al alloy were predicted.The results demonstrate that it effectively enables the rapid and accurate quantitative analysis of multiple elements after a single-element SC analysis of the tested samples.Furthermore,this quantitative analysis method was successfully applied to soil and Astragalus samples,realizing an accurate calculation of the contents of multiple elements.Thus,it is important to advance the LIBS quantitative analysis and its related applications.

Effect of building energy efficiency standards on carbon emission efficiency in commercial buildings

The building sector plays a crucial role in the worldwide shift toward achieving net-zero emissions.Building energy efficiency standards(BEESs)are highly effective policies for reducing carbon emissions.Therefore,exploring the provincial variations in carbon emission efficiency(CEE)in the building sector and identifying the effect of BEESs on CEE is crucial.This study focuses on commercial buildings in China and applies a difference in differences model to evaluate the impact of BEESs on the CEE of commercial buildings.The slacks-based measure–data envelopment analysis model is employed to assess the CEE of commercial buildings in 30 Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2019.Furthermore,heterogeneous tests are used to explore how climate characteristics and economic conditions affect the efficiency of BEESs.The results indicate that BEESs positively influence the CEE of commercial buildings.Specifically,a 1%increase in the intensity of BEESs causes a 0.1484%increase in the CEE of commercial buildings.Moreover,the impact of BEESs is particularly pronounced in the southern and western provinces.This study provides valuable scientific evidence for governments to enhance BEESs implementation.

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Drought in the North-Eastern Coastal Region of Vietnam Using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)

Spatio-temporal analysis of drought provides valuable information for drought management and damage mitigation. In this study, the Standardized Precipitation Index at the time scale of 6 months (SPI-6) is selected to reflect drought conditions in the North-Eastern coastal region of Vietnam. The drought events and their characteristics from 1981 to 2019 are detected at 9 meteorological stations and 10 Chirps rainfall stations. The spatio-temporal variation of drought in the study region is analyzed on the basis of the number, duration, severity, intensity, and peak of the detected drought events at the 19 stations. The results show that from 1981 to 2019 the drought events mainly occurred with 1-season duration and moderate intensity and peak. The number, duration, severity, and peak of the drought events were the greatest in the period 2001-2010 and were the smallest in the period 2011-2019. Among the 19 stations, the drought duration tends to decrease at 11 stations, increase at 7 stations, and has a slight variant at 1 station;the drought severity tends to decrease at 14 stations, increase at 4 stations, and has not a significant trend at 1 station;the drought intensity tends to decrease at 17 stations, increase at 1 station, and has a slight variant at 1 station;and the drought peak tends to decrease at 18 stations and increase at 1 station.

Carbon emissions from buildings based on a life cycle analysis:carbon reduction measures and effects of green building standards in China

Carbon emissions from buildings account for approximately half of China’s total social carbon emissions.Focusing only on the carbon emissions of building operation tends to neglect the carbon emissions of other related parts of the building sector,thus slowing down the progress of carbon peaking in the building sector.By applying life-cycle analysis to calculate carbon emissions throughout the building’s life cycle,the performance of carbon emissions at each stage of building materials,construction,operation and end-of-life demolition can be identified,so that carbon reduction strategies in building design can be selected..This paper constructed a method for calculating the carbon emissions of green buildings in whole-building life cycle,and conducted a summary analysis of the carbon emissions of 33 projects that were awarded green building certification.The study found that the Chinese Assessment Standard for Green Buildings has a significant effect on reducing the carbon emissions of buildings in whole-building life cycle.Compared with the current average operational carbon emissions of buildings in China,the carbon intensity of green public buildings is 41.43%lower under this standard and the carbon intensity of green residential buildings is 13.99%lower.A carbon correlation analysis of the provisions of the current Chinese Assessment Standard for Green Buildings was conducted,comparing the changes in the carbon intensity of buildings before and after the revision of the standards.The study concluded that the new version of the standards has a greater impact on public buildings than residential buildings,the requirement of carbon emission reduction in the production stage of building materials is strengthened in terms of carbon emission during the whole-building life cycle.This study addresses the current problem of unclear carbon emission reduction effect of green buildings.

Visualization analysis of the international standard ISO/TC 249 for traditional Chinese medicine

Objective This study proposes to visually review the current situation and progress of standards sets by the International Organization for Standardization/Technical Committee on Traditional Chinese Medicine(ISO/TC 249). The review aims to explore the development strategies of the standards, which will exhibit the considerable impact on the economy, trade and exchanges, and cooperation in the area of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods ISO/TC 249 standards were searched on the ISO website, and their title, proposed time, current stage, scope, and classification were obtained for further summarization. Gephi was utilized to portray the co-occurrence network graph of the ISO/TC 249 standards subject.Results In ISO/TC 249, there were 116 standards, including 81 published standards and 35 developing standards by April 30, 2022. Two withdrawal standards were published after revision, which were not counted in the total standards. The number of published standards has been increasing since the first standard was published in 2014, whose title was “Sterile acupuncture needles for single use”. Among these standards, 17.24%(20/116) standards were in review, 56.03%(65/116) in publication, 3.45%(4/116) in approval, 5.17%(6/116) in enquiry,3.45%(4/116) in committee, and 14.66%(17/116) in preparation, respectively. With 116 standards, most of the research focused on the medicament, as its classification of the International Classification for Standards(ICS) showed the proportion reaching 49.54%. The network analysis data revealed that the top five most frequent words were “materials” “root” “requirements” “products” and “system”, after removing the noise data, such as prepositions,conjunctions, and pronouns. Additionally, the word “system” co-exists with the terms “computerized” “coding” “image” “tongue” and “analysis”;the word “requirement” co-exists with“manufacturing” “decoction” “process” and “materials”;whereas the word “devices” coexists with “pulse” “electric” “skin” and “measurement”.Conclusion With the increased diversification and complexity of problems, the development of standards is also oriented to multidisciplinary fields to cultivate the interdisciplinary talents, and especially the international standardization talents of compound TCM. Multi-angle analysis, formulation, and demonstration of standards, in line with industry needs in different disciplines, enhance the availability of standards and the ability to serve the industry.

Architecture design and demand analysis on application layer of standard system for ubiquitous power Internet of Things

The ubiquitous power Internet of Things(UPIoT)is an intelligent service system with comprehensive state perception,efficient processing,and flexible application of information.It focuses on each link of the power system and makes full use of the mobile internet,artificial intelligence,and other advanced information and communication technologies in order to realize the inter-human interaction of all things in all links of the power system.This article systematically presents to the national and international organizations and agencies in charge of UPIoT layer standardization the status quo of the research on the Internet of Things(IoT)-related industry standards system.It briefly describes the generic standard classification methods,layered architecture,conceptual model,and system tables in the UPIoT application layer.Based on the principles of inheritance,innovation,and practicability,this study divides the application layer into customer service,power grid operation,integrated energy,and enterprise operation,emerging business and analyzes the standard requirements of these five fields.This study also proposes a standard plan.Finally,it summarizes the research report and provides suggestions for a follow-up work.

Impact of Different Grinding Aids on Standard Deviation in X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Cement Raw Meal

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis utilizes particle size which is resulted from milling of a material. The milling ensures uniform and fine grained powder. The finer and more uniform the particle size is, the better the result and easier it is for material quality control. To ensure uniformity in particle size and finer powder, a comparative analysis was conducted with different grinding aids and pressed pellet method was used in obtaining analysis results. Pressed pellets of cement raw meal sample milled with different grinding aids (graphite, aspirin and lithium borate) were subjected to XRF. Graphite produced better particle size uniformity with a corresponding standard deviation that made quality control of raw meal easier and better than aspirin and lithium borate.

Magnetic endoscopic imaging vs standard colonoscopy:Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

AIM:To assess the theoretical advantages of magnetic endoscope imaging(MEI)over standard colonoscopies(SCs)and to compare their efficacies.METHODS:Electronic databases,including PubMed,EMBASE,the Cochrane library and the Science Citation Index,were searched to retrieve relevant trials.In addition,abstracts from papers presented at professional meetings and the reference lists of retrieved articles were reviewed to identify additional studies.The metaanalyses were performed using RevMan 5.1.A random effect model with the Mantel-Haenszel method was used for pooling dichotomous and continuous data.A sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding the trials with a small number of patients and by excluding the trials performed by inexperienced providers.RESULTS:Eight randomized controlled trials(RCTs),including 2967 patients,were included in the metaanalysis to compare cecal intubation rates and times,sedation dose,abdominal pain scores and the use of ancillary maneuvers between MEI and SC.The overall OR was 1.92(95%CI:1.13-3.27,eight RCTs),as indicated by the cecal intubation rate of MEI compared with SC,but MEI did not have any distinct advantage over SC for cecal intubation time(MD=-0.07,95%CI:-0.16-0.02;three RCTs).MEI did not generally result in lower pain scores.Outcomes were also analyzed for the two subgroups based on the endoscopists’experience level to evaluate cecal intubation rates.MEI presented better outcomes for non-experienced colonoscopists than experienced colonoscopists.CONCLUSION:The real-time magnetic imaging system is of benefit in training and educating inexperienced endoscopists and improves the cecal intubation rate for experienced and inexperienced endoscopists.

Standardization of proton-induced x-ray emission technique for analysis of thick samples

This paper describes the standardization of the proton-induced x-ray emission（PIXE） technique for finding the elemental composition of thick samples. For the standardization, three different samples of standard reference materials（SRMs） were analyzed using this technique and the data were compared with the already known data of these certified SRMs. These samples were selected in order to cover the maximum range of elements in the periodic table. Each sample was irradiated for three different values of collected beam charges at three different times. A proton beam of 2.57 Me V obtained using 5UDH-II Pelletron accelerator was used for excitation of x-rays from the sample. The acquired experimental data were analyzed using the GUPIXWIN software. The results show that the SRM data and the data obtained using the PIXE technique are in good agreement.

Estimation of Standard Operation Time of Flight Legs Based on Clustering and Probability Analysis

A clustering algorithm and a probability statistics method were applied to different phases of a flight to analyze operation time during aircraft ground taxiing and airborne flight.And the clustering pattern,distribution characteristics and dynamically changing rules of the two phases were identified.Further,an estimate method was established to measure operation time of flight legs,with creative steps of calculating individual segment separately and then integrating them accordingly.The method can both objectively and dynamically measure operation time,and accurately reflect real situation.It helps to better utilize airport slot resources and provides a strong support for air traffic flow management when scheduling flight plan in strategic and pre-tactic phases.

Comparison of Dose-dense ABVD and Standard ABVD in the Treatment of Early Unfavorable and Advanced Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Retrospective Analysis

This retrospective analysis compared standard regimen of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vin- blastine, and dacarbazine （ABVD） with the dose-dense ABVD regimen （ABVD-21） in terms of effi- cacy and toxicity. Patients who had early-stage unfavorable or advanced Hodgkin＇s lymphoma （HL） according to German Hodgkin Study Group criteria from March 1999 to February 2011 were ana- lyzed for treatment response, long-term survival and hematological toxicity. There were 85 patients in the ABVD-21 group and 118 patients in the ABVD group respectively. The complete remission rates aider completion of treatment were 92.9% and 90.7% for ABVD-21 and ABVD, respectively. During a median follow-up period of 62 months, no significant difference was found in projected 10-year progression-free survival （PFS） and overall survival （OS） rates （84.7% and 94.1% respectively for ABVD-21; 81.4% and 91.5% for ABVD）. Subgroup analyses showed that ABVD-21 was signifi- cantly better than ABVD for patients with IPS〉3 in terms of PFS and OS rates. Grade 3 to 4 leuko- penia （51.8% vs. 28.8%, P=0.001） and neutropenia （57.6% vs. 39.0%, P=0.009） were more common with ABVD-21. We were led to conclude that dose-dense ABVD did not result in better tumor con- trol and overall survival than did ABVD for early-stage unfavorable HL. However, patients at high risk, for example, with IPS〉3, may benefit from dose-dense ABVD.

Boundary Value Problems for Burgers Equations, through Nonstandard Analysis

In this paper we study inviscid and viscid Burgers equations with initial conditions in the half plane . First we consider the Burgers equations with initial conditions admitting two and three shocks and use the HOPF-COLE transformation to linearize the problems and explicitly solve them. Next we study the Burgers equation and solve the initial value problem for it. We study the asymptotic behavior of solutions and we show that the exact solution of boundary value problem for viscid Burgers equation as viscosity parameter is sufficiently small approach the shock type solution of boundary value problem for inviscid Burgers equation. We discuss both confluence and interacting shocks. In this article a new approach has been developed to find the exact solutions. The results are formulated in classical mathematics and proved with infinitesimal technique of non standard analysis.

Similarity Analysis-based Component Standardization for Product Family Design

During the product family design, it is necessary to reduce the variety of components and share common components among many products. The major benefits are lessened design efforts and reduced costs. Therefore, this paper presents an approach to standardize components of a product family. Form feature modeling for components is discussed. Based on the similarity analysis, a step by step method to standardize the feature architectures of components is described. The algorithms for standardization are identified as well. A case for standardizing components of an auto-body family is used to demonstrate the validity of this approach.

New insights on the standardization of peripheral nerve regeneration quantitative analysis

Peripheral nerves form a complex network connecting the central nervous system and the body. Injuries to peripheral nerves often lead to partial or complete loss of motor, sen- sory and autonomic functions, thus interfering with many aspects of an individual＇s life.

Analysis of the national standard for safety requirements of fuel cell electric vehicles

In order to meet new challenges brought by the development of fuel cell electric vehicle(FCEV)industry,we are in urgent need to update and refine the safety requirements for FCEVs.To this end,GB/T 24549-2020,Fuel cell electric vehicles-Safety requirements,was issued on September 29,2020.This paper analyzes the main technical content of the standard as well as its similarities and differences with the 2009 Version.

A linear analysis of the space structure of the standard plot in city

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中国1961-2010年气象干旱的时空规律——基于SPEI和Intensity analysis方法的研究

利用中国752个气象站降水、气温资料,选择标准化降水蒸散发指数SPEI为干旱指标,采用Intensity analysis方法,从时间间隔、干旱等级变化和转换三个层面分析了1961-2010年中国气象干旱变化规律。结果表明:1961-2010年中国气象干旱的变化速率趋于上升,总变化面积由60%上升至80%以上,1980-1990年代、1990年代至21世纪初两个时间段的年平均变化相对于整个时间段较快。1960-1980年代干旱变化较为平缓,1960-1970年代干旱等级的转换主要以中等以下的干旱等级之间的转换为主导;1970-1980年代以无干旱与轻微、中等和严重干旱等级之间的相互转换为主导。1980年代至21世纪初干旱有加重的趋势,1980-1990年代以无干旱向极端干旱的转换为主导;1990年代至21世纪初中等以下的干旱向严重和极端干旱的转变成为了主导,而严重干旱则以向极端干旱转换为主导,极端干旱以向中等干旱转换为主导。

Branch Standards as the Possible Way of Optimizing of Capital Structure of the Concrete Firm

This article is about the problem of optimizing of the capital structure of the concrete firm and about the possibility to use the passive way of optimizing of this capital structure on the basis of the so-called Branch standards. Branch standards are defined as some average indebtedness that the firms are trying to follow. There are a lot of theories available, but the final process of optimizing of the capital structure of the concrete firm is very complicated and it is necessary to cope with a lot of application problems. Besides Traditional theory, none of the further theories offer some concrete recommended optimal indebtedness. For that reason, the possibility to optimize the capital structure based on the passive way is represented besides other things by the so-called Branch standards. The aim of this article is to judge if it is possible to identify this average indebtedness in different branches and in different countries. The hypothesis was stated that it is possible only in selected branches in selected countries. The research is realized in the six selected branches： Railroads, Beverages, Steel, Paper Production, Tobacco, and Electrical Equipment in the Czech Republic and in USA. Data for the years 2008-2016 were obtained from the system Albertina Data at the University of Economics in Prague and from the web pages of Prof. Aswath Damodaran in USA. There were identified so-called Branch standards in the Czech Republic for the branches Railroads 45%, Beverages 50%, Tobacco 50%, and Electrical Equipment 40%. There are also identified so-called Branch standards in USA for the branches Railroads 40% and Paper Production 40%-50%. For the branch Paper Production in the Czech Republic and for the branch Beverages in USA were identified ranges of 40%-45% and 40%-50% respectively. The so-called Branch standards were not stated for the branch Steel in both countries and for the branches Tobacco and Electrical Equipment in USA. The values were verified by the data for the year 2016 and the so-called Branch standards were confirmed excluding the branch Steel in both countries and the branches Tobacco and Electrical Equipment in the US.

Seismic hazard analysis for central-western Argentina

In this study, we present a PSHA（Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis） for the city of San Juan, which is located in the central-western region of Argentina（30°S-35.5°S; 66.5°W-71°W）. In addition to crustal earthquakes provided by catalogues, recent paleoseismological and neotectonic investigations have permitted to consider events which occurred during the last 400 years.Four seismogenic sources that could cause damages to the studied site corresponding to Precordillera,Western Sierras Pampeanas, Basement of the Cuyana Basin and Cordillera Principal were identified.Based on the evaluation of the contribution of these sources,maximum moment magnitudes above 7.5（Mw） are expected.High values of SA（spectral acceleration）（0.2 and 1 s periods） and PGA（peak ground acceleration） were found in the city of San Juan, which suggests that it is located in a zone of high seismic hazard.Finally, the obtained SA spectra were compared with the seismic-resistant construction standards of Argentina INPRES-CIRSOC 103 [1]. Results suggest that for the city of San Juan and for a return period of475 years, it covers the seismic requirements of the structures.