Temperature-Triggered Hardware Trojan Based Algebraic Fault Analysis of SKINNY-64-64 Lightweight Block Cipher

SKINNY-64-64 is a lightweight block cipher with a 64-bit block length and key length,and it is mainly used on the Internet of Things(IoT).Currently,faults can be injected into cryptographic devices by attackers in a variety of ways,but it is still difficult to achieve a precisely located fault attacks at a low cost,whereas a Hardware Trojan(HT)can realize this.Temperature,as a physical quantity incidental to the operation of a cryptographic device,is easily overlooked.In this paper,a temperature-triggered HT(THT)is designed,which,when activated,causes a specific bit of the intermediate state of the SKINNY-64-64 to be flipped.Further,in this paper,a THT-based algebraic fault analysis(THT-AFA)method is proposed.To demonstrate the effectiveness of the method,experiments on algebraic fault analysis(AFA)and THT-AFA have been carried out on SKINNY-64-64.In the THT-AFA for SKINNY-64-64,it is only required to activate the THT 3 times to obtain the master key with a 100%success rate,and the average time for the attack is 64.57 s.However,when performing AFA on this cipher,we provide a relation-ship between the number of different faults and the residual entropy of the key.In comparison,our proposed THT-AFA method has better performance in terms of attack efficiency.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first HT attack on SKINNY-64-64.

Three-Dimensional Multi-Phase Microscopic Simulation of Service Life of Recycled Large Aggregate Self-Compacting Concrete

Recycled large aggregate self-compacting concrete (RLA-SCC) within multiple weak areas. These weak areas have poor resistance to chloride ion erosion, which affects the service life of RLA-SCC in the marine environment. A three-dimensional multi-phase mesoscopic numerical model of RLA-SCC was established to simulate the chloride ions transportation in concrete. Experiments of RLA-SCC immersing in chloride solution were carried out to verify the simulation results. The effects of recycled large aggregate (RLA) content and RLA particle size on the service life of concrete were explored. The results indicate that the mesoscopic numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. At the same depth, the closer to the surface of the RLA, the greater the chloride ion concentration. The service life of RLA-SCC in marine environment decreases with the increase of RLA content. Compared with the service life of 20% content, the service life of 25% and 30% content decreased by 20% and 42% respectively. Increasing the particle size of RLA can effectively improve the service life of RLA-SCC in chloride environment. Compared with the service life of 50 mm particle size, the service life of 70 mm and 90 mm increased by 61% and 163%, respectively. .

A Comparative Analysis of the New -3(-n) - 1 Remer Conjecture and a Proof of the 3n + 1 Collatz Conjecture

This scientific paper is a comparative analysis of two mathematical conjectures. The newly proposed -3(-n) - 1 Remer conjecture and how it is related to and a proof of the more well known 3n + 1 Collatz conjecture. An overview of both conjectures and their respective iterative processes will be presented. Showcasing their unique properties and behavior to each other. Through a detailed comparison, we highlight the similarities and differences between these two conjectures and discuss their significance in the field of mathematics. And how they prove each other to be true.

Self-care:A concept analysis

Objectives:There is extensive literature from various disciplines on self-care,an important aspect of nursing intervention via evaluation and education,but its meaning remains unprecise due to the difficulty integrating the diverse definitions developed over time across disciplines.Therefore,it is vital to clarify the meaning of self-care and formulate the defining attributes,antecedents,and consequences to self-care.Methods:Walker and Avant’s concept analysis approach was used to analyze the concept of self-care.A search of the literature was completed using the databases CINAHL,PubMed,and EBSCOhost for years 1975e2020;literature search included peer-review articles,full-text publications,and available in English.A total of 31 articles were reviewed,and saturation was reached.Results:An extensive review of the literature revealed salient characteristics that reflected the most frequently used terms associated with the concept.Guided byWalker and Avant’s method,three defining attributes emerged as common themes:awareness,self-control,and self-reliance.Conclusions:A clarified definition was identified:the ability to care for oneself through awareness,selfcontrol,and self-reliance in order to achieve,maintain,or promote optimal health and well-being.

Effectiveness of the flipped classroom on the development of self-directed learning in nursing education:a meta-analysis

Objectives: To examine the best practice evidence of the effectiveness of the flipped classroom（FC） as a burgeoning teaching model on the development of self-directed learning in nursing education.Data sources: The relevant randomized controlled trial（RCT） and non-RCT comparative studies were searched from multiple electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature（CINAHL）, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials（CENTRAL）, Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）, and Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database（VIP） from inception to June 2017.Review methods: The data were independently assessed and extracted for eligibility by two reviewers. The quality of included studies was assessed by another two reviewers using a standardized form and evaluated by using the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool. The self-directed learning scores（continuous outcomes） were analyzed by using the 95% confidence intervals（Cls） with the standard deviation average（SMD） or weighted mean difference（WMD）. The heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s I;statistic.Results: A total of 12 studies, which encompassed 1440 nursing students（intervention group = 685, control group = 755）, were eligible for inclusion in this review. Of 12 included studies, the quality level of one included study was A and of the others was B. The pooled effect size showed that compared with traditional teaching models, the FC could improve nursing students’ selfdirected learning skill, as measured by the Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale（SDLRS）, Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale for Nursing Education（SDLRSNE）, Self-Regulated Learning Scale（SRL）, Autonomous Learning Competencies scale（ALC）, and Competencies of Autonomous Learning of Nursing Students（CALNS）. Overall scores and subgroup analyses with the SRL were all in favor of the FC.Conclusions: The result of this meta-analysis indicated that FCs could improve the effect of self-directed learning in nursing education.Future studies with more RCTs using the same measurement tools are needed to draw more authoritative conclusions.

Self-tuning Information Fusion Kalman Predictor Weighted by Diagonal Matrices and Its Convergence Analysis

为有未知噪音统计的 multisensor 系统，使用现代时间系列分析方法，基于革新建模的动人的一般水准(麻省)的联机鉴定，并且基于为关联功能的矩阵方程的解决方案，噪音变化的评估者被获得，并且在线性最小的变化下面由斜矩阵加权的最佳的信息熔化标准，一个自我调节的信息熔化 Kalman 预言者被介绍，它认识到自我调节的 dec 基于动态错误系统，一个新集中分析方法为自我调节的 fuser 被介绍。在一条认识的集中的一个新概念被介绍，它是比有概率一的集中弱的。如果 MA 革新模型的参数评价是一致的，那么，自我调节的熔化 Kalman 预言者将在一条认识收敛到最佳的熔化 Kalman 预言者，这严格地被证明，或与概率一，以便它有 asymptotic optimality。它能减少计算负担，并且对实时应用合适。为追踪系统的一个目标的一个模拟例子显示出它的有效性。

A NEW SYSTEM DYNAMIC EXTREMUM SELF-SEARCHING METHOD BASED ON CORRELATION ANALYSIS

Objective To propose a new dynamic extremum self searching method, which can be used in industrial processes extremum optimum control systems, to overcome the disadvantages of traditional method. Methods This algorithm is based on correlation analysis. A pseudo random binary signal m sequence u(t) is added as probe signal in system input, construct cross correlation function between system input and output, the next step hunting direction is judged by the differential sign. Results Compared with traditional algorithm such as step forward hunting method, the iterative efficient, hunting precision and anti interference ability of the correlation analysis method is obvious over the traditional algorithm. The computer simulation experimental given illustrate these viewpoints. Conclusion The correlation analysis method can settle the optimum state point of device operating process. It has the advantage of easy condition , simple calculate process.

MULTIRESOLUTION ANALYSIS, SELF-SIMILAR TILINGS AND HAAR WAVELETS ON THE HEISENBERG GROUP

In this article, the properties of multiresolution analysis and self-similar tilings on the Heisenberg group are studied. Moreover, we establish a theory to construct an orthonormal Haar wavelet base in L^2（H^d） by using self-similar tilings for the acceptable dilations on the Heisenberg group.

Self-alignment of full skewed RSINS: observability analysis and full-observable Kalman filter

Traditional orthogonal strapdown inertial navigation sys-tem （SINS） cannot achieve satisfactory self-alignment accuracy in the stationary base： taking more than 5 minutes and al the iner-tial sensors biases cannot get ful observability except the up-axis accelerometer. However, the ful skewed redundant SINS （RSINS） can not only enhance the reliability of the system, but also improve the accuracy of the system, such as the initial alignment. Firstly, the observability of the system state includes attitude errors and al the inertial sensors biases are analyzed with the global perspective method： any three gyroscopes and three accelerometers can be assembled into an independent subordinate SINS （sub-SINS）;the system state can be uniquely confirmed by the coupling connec-tions of al the sub-SINSs;the attitude errors and random constant biases of al the inertial sensors are observable. However, the ran-dom noises of the inertial sensors are not taken into account in the above analyzing process. Secondly, the ful-observable Kalman filter which can be applied to the actual RSINS containing random noises is established; the system state includes the position, ve-locity, attitude errors of al the sub-SINSs and the random constant biases of the redundant inertial sensors. At last, the initial self-alignment process of a typical four-redundancy ful skewed RSINS is simulated： the horizontal attitudes （pitch, rol ） errors and yaw error can be exactly evaluated within 80 s and 100 s respectively, while the random constant biases of gyroscopes and accelero-meters can be precisely evaluated within 120 s. For the ful skewed RSINS, the self-alignment accuracy is greatly improved, mean-while the self-alignment time is widely shortened.

Loss of Self-identity--A Comparative Analysis of Everything I Never Told You and The Bluest Eyes

As a non-mainstream group with a large proportion in the pluralistic society of the United States,the literary forms of the black and Asian groups have always attracted much attention.The Bluest Eyes and Everything I Never Told You appeared in different social times and told about different ethnic and cultural backgrounds,they both involved the exclusion of non-mainstream ethnic groups by the mainstream white society and the denial and loss of personal identity of the two different ethnic groups in the face of the mainstream culture.This paper will make a comparative analysis of these two works.By comparing the loss of self-racial identity of the protagonists in the two novels,this paper will make an in-depth discussion of the survival status of African Americans and Asians,and reveal the self-identity loss of black people and Asian people in the mainstream culture.Through comparative analysis,more scholars pay attention to this issue,which is of great practical significance to further understand the literary dynamics of African American and Asian ethnic groups.

Efficacy and safety of standard and anti-reflux self-expanding metal stent: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BACKGROUND Self-expanding metal stents are the main palliative treatment modality for unresectable esophageal cancer. Gastroesophageal reflux is a common adverse outcome after placement of esophageal stent for cancer involving the gastroesophageal junction and the gastric cardia. Anti-reflux stents with valve have been designed to prevent the acid reflux. The superiority of anti-reflux stent over standard stent in preventing gastroesophageal reflux has not been established well. This study compares the anti-reflux stent and the standard stent in terms of their efficacy to prevent acid reflux.AIM To compare the standard and the anti-reflux stents in terms of their efficacy,safety, and complications.METHODS The meta-analysis included 8 randomized clinical trials(RCTs) to compare pooled outcomes of total 395 patients. Primary outcomes include improvement in reflux symptoms and dysphagia score. Secondary outcomes include complications of stent migration, occlusion, and bleeding.RESULTS A total of eight RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to the standard stent, the anti-reflux stent showed a trend towards reduction in the dysphagia score without reaching a statistical significance [Standardized mean difference(SMD):-0.33(-0.71, 0.05); P = 0.09, I2: 37%]. There was no statistical difference in the gastrointestinal reflux(GER) scores between the two types of stents [SMD:-0.17(-0.78, 0.45); P = 0.008, I2: 74%]. Compared to standard stent,anti-reflux stent showed no difference in the risk of stent migration [OR: 1.37(0.66, 2.83); P = 0.40, I2: 0 %], bleeding [OR: 1.43(0.40, 5.13); P = 0.59, I2: 0 %], and obstruction [OR: 1.66(0.60, 4.60); P = 0.33, I2: 0 %].CONCLUSION Traditional self-expanding standard esophageal stent and anti-reflux stent with valve are similar in terms of outcomes and complications.

NOVEL METHOD FOR ERROR ANALYSIS AND SELF-CALIBRATION OF LASER TRACKING MIRROR MECHANISM

Laser tracking system （LTS） is an advanced device for large size 3D coordinates measuring with the advantages of broad range, high speed and high accuracy. However, its measuring accuracy is highly dominated by the geometric errors of the tracking mirror mechanism. Proper calibration of LTS is essential prior to the use of it for metrology. A kinematics model that describes not only the motion but also the geometric variations of LTS is developed. Through error analysis of the proposed model, it is claimed that gimbals axis misalignments and tracking mirror center off-set are the key contributors to measuring errors of LTS. A self-calibration method is presented of calibrating LTS with planar constraints. Various calibration strategies utilizing single-plane and multiple-plane constraints are proposed for different situations. For each calibration strategy, issues about the error parameter estimation of LTS are exploded to find out in which conditions these parameters can be uniquely estimated. Moreover, these conditions reveal the applicability of the planar constraints to LTS self-calibration. Intensive studies have been made to check validity of the theoretical results. The results show that the measuring accuracy of LTS has increased by 5 times since this technique for calibration is used.

Family functioning integrated with diabetes self-management： a concept analysis

Although the concept of family functioning has gained recent popularity, the terms ＂family functioning＂ and ＂family resilience＂ are sometimes confused and used interchangeably. The aim of this concept analysis was to clarify what is meant by family functioning in the context of diabetes self-management by assessing specific attributes, antecedents, and consequences. A concept analysis model by Walker and Avant was applied. The identified attributes of family functioning in a diabetes self-management context included problem-solving, communication, roles, affective responsiveness, affective involvement, and behavioral control. Antecedents included family structure, socioeconomic status, family functioning relationships, family stage, and life events. Consequences included family satisfaction, family cohesion, and family relationships. This analysis provided a deeper understanding of a family functioning concept within a diabetes self-management context. It is recommended that health care providers should be aware of antecedent factors that could inhibit outcome improvement. Further research is needed to explain family functioning attributes in relation to antecedents and potential consequences.

Self-consistent nonlinear analysis of a frequency-quadrupling terahertz gyroklystron

This paper analyses a three-cavity frequency-quadrupling terahertz gyroklystron with successive frequency-doubling in each cavity with self-consistent nonlinear theory. The beam-wave interaction efficiency and the electron bunching process are studied. The variation of output efficiency with the length of drift tubes and output power and the variation of Ohmic loss with the length of output cavity are considered. Numerical simulations predict an optimal output efficiency of 1.8%, a power output of more than 2 kW and a gain of 33 dB after taking into account Ohmic losses when the frequency-quadrupling gyroklystron, driven by a 40-kV, 3-A electron beam and 1 Watt input power, operates at 225 CHz.

A Quantitative Factorial Component Analysis to Investigate the Recent Changes of Japan’s Weight-Based Food Self-Sufficiency Ratio

We investigate the weight-based food self-sufficiency ratio (WSSR) for Japan over a 50-year period (1961-2011) by applying factorial component analysis technique in order to measure the changes of the WSSR quantitatively. Quantitative data analysis is employed to determine the drivers of those changes. Numerical results show that Japan experienced a drastic decline in its food self-sufficiency ratio (FSSR) during the above period. The factorial component analysis shows that such a decline was caused by the changes in the FSSR of the food groups/items, not in the quantity of the food supply. A number of characteristics of those changes are presented and a list of major food groups that have major impacts on the changes is constructed. The findings in this paper reiterate the alarming food security problem in Japan and provide clear insight into the causes of this problem. The findings in this study pick up where previous studies have left off, aid the food-related policy-making process and identify new ideas for future food research.

Properties and Thermal Stress Analysis of Blended Cement Self-Compacting Concrete

Self-Compacting concrete is a concrete that is able to flow and consolidate under its own weight, completely fill the formwork even in the presence of dense reinforcement, whilst maintaining homogeneity and without the need for any additional compaction. Self-Compacting concrete is achieved by using high proportions of powder content and super?plasticizers. Due to this, pronounced thermal cracking is anticipated. Thermal cracking in concrete structures is of great concern. The objective of this research is to carry out experiments and investigate fresh and hardened properties of SCC developed using a blend of ordinary Portland cement and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), to evaluate the applicability of Japan Concrete Institute (JCI) model?equations and?to find out any similarities and differences between Self-?Compacting concrete and normal vibrated concrete—Portland blast furnace slag concrete class B. Thermal stress analysis of the proposed Self-Compacting concrete and normal vibrated concretes were investigated by simulation using 3D FEM analysis. To carry out these objectives, concrete properties such as autogenous shrinkage, adiabatic temperature rise, drying shrinkage, modulus of elasticity, splitting tensile strength and compressive strength were determined through experiments. From experimental results, it was observed that except for the fresh properties, the hardened properties of Self-Compacting exhibit similar characteristics to those of normal vibrated concrete at almost similar water to binder ratios. It was also established that Self-Compacting concrete at W/B of 32% with a 50% replacement of ground granulated blast furnace slag has better thermal cracking resistance than SCC with 30% GGBFS replacement. It is also found that provided the relevant constants are derived from experimental data, JCI model equations can be applied successfully to evaluate hardened properties of Self-Compacting concrete.

HIV Self-Testing Kits Uptake in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe, 2019-2020: A Secondary Data Analysis

Background: Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus Self-Testing (HIVST) is a process where an individual who wants to know their HIV status collects a specimen, performs a test and interprets the result by themselves. HIVST data from the Zimbabwe AIDS and TB Program (ATP) directorate showed that between 2019-2020, only 31% of the target HIVST kits were distributed in the country. Mashonaland West Province was one of the least performing provinces in meeting targets for HIVST kits distribution. Gaps in the implementation of the HIVST in the province ultimately affect the nationwide scaleup of targeted testing, a key enabler in achieving HIV epidemic control. We analyzed HIVST trends in Mashonaland West Province to inform HIV testing services programming. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using HIVST secondary data obtained from the District Health Information Software 2 (DHIS2) electronic database. We conducted regression analysis for trends using Epi Info 7.2 and tables, bar graphs, pie charts and linear graphs were used for data presentation. Results: A total of 31,070 clients accessed HIVST kits in Mashonaland West Province from 2019-2020. A slightly higher proportion (50.4% and 51.7%) of females as compared to males accessed HIVST kits in 2019 and 2020 respectively. Overall, an increase in the trend of HIVST kits uptake was recorded (males R2 = 0.3945, p-value = 0.003 and females R2 = 0.4739, p-value = 0.001). There was generally a decline in the trend of community-based distribution of HIVST kits from the third quarter of 2019 throughout 2020 (R2 = 0.2441, p-value = 0.006). Primary distribution of HIVST kits remained the dominant method of distribution, constituting more than half of the kits distributed in both 2019 (67%) and 2020 (86%). Conclusion: Mashonaland West Province was mainly utilising facility-based distribution model for HIVST over the community-based distribution model. We recommended training more community-based distribution agents to increase community distribution of HIVST kits.

THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE SELF-VIBRATIONAL CHARACTERI-STICS OF THE 2050MM HOT-STRIP MILL HOUSING BY MEANS OF LASER HOLOGRAPHIC INTERFEROMETRY AND FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

According to the theory of similarity, a three-dimensional simulation study on the self-vibrational characteristics of the 2050mm hot-strip finishing mill housing at Baoshan Iron and Steel Complex has been carried out. The analysis of the main vibrational modes of the first three orders has also been done by means of holographic interferometry. In addition, the authors have carried out the numerical analysis of finite elements in three dimensions. The comparison of the results of both analyses (simulation analysis and numerical analysis of finite element) shows that they are consistent.

自复位转动摩擦阻尼器弯矩-转角恢复力性能研究

为了满足减震结构对可恢复功能的要求,针对传统摩擦阻尼器不具备自复位能力震后存在较大残余变形的问题,提出了一种基于形状记忆合金的自复位转动摩擦阻尼器,由摩擦耗能装置和形状记忆合金自复位装置组合而成。介绍了该SCRF(self-centering rotating friction)阻尼器的构造形式、工作原理,通过理论推导建立了SCRF阻尼器的弯矩-转角恢复力模型,通过ABAQUS软件有限元数值分析结果对弯矩-转角恢复力模型进行了验证,分析了低周往复荷载作用下SCRF阻尼器的滞回性能,并进行了参数分析。结果表明:有限元计算结果与阻尼器恢复力模型结果吻合良好;提高接触面间的摩擦因数与斜面高度可以提高阻尼器的最大承载力、耗能能力、有效刚度,但是超过一定限值的斜面高度会降低阻尼器的自复位能力;施加SMA螺栓预紧力可以提高阻尼器的摩擦启动弯矩,对于阻尼器的耗能能力与最大承载力影响不大。

融合N-K模型的复杂网络船舶自沉事故风险因素耦合分析

为定量分析船舶自沉风险因素间的影响关系,识别导致船舶自沉事故的关键因素,科学预防事故的发生,引入融合N-K模型的复杂网络研究船舶自沉事故风险耦合。首先结合中国海事局公布的136起船舶自沉事故案例,分析事故致因,将船舶自沉事故风险因素归纳为4个一级风险因素和15个二级风险因素,运用N-K模型计算出一级风险因素风险耦合的发生概率和风险值;然后,以二级风险因素为节点、致因关联为边,构建危险因子的关联网络,通过风险可达性分析和网络节点中心度分析,探究危险因子的作用机制,对危险因子进行初步识别,并以N-K模型计算的耦合值对节点中心度进行改进,获得最终的关键风险因素;最后,挖掘船舶自沉事故致因网络的凝聚子群并进行分析,得到密度矩阵,确定风险关联性最强的二级风险因素,以期从事故源头上采取有效措施,为船舶自沉事故的科学预防提供有益参考。结果表明:船舶自沉事故的发生与风险耦合值成正比,耦合因素越多则风险值越大;人的因素和船舶因素风险耦合易导致船舶自沉事故;导致船舶自沉事故的关键风险因素为安全意识淡薄、公司未履责、船舶管理不到位、公司管理不到位、船舶故障、船舶不适航,其中安全意识淡薄与其他风险关联性最大,须重点防范。