Self-care:A concept analysis

Objectives:There is extensive literature from various disciplines on self-care,an important aspect of nursing intervention via evaluation and education,but its meaning remains unprecise due to the difficulty integrating the diverse definitions developed over time across disciplines.Therefore,it is vital to clarify the meaning of self-care and formulate the defining attributes,antecedents,and consequences to self-care.Methods:Walker and Avant’s concept analysis approach was used to analyze the concept of self-care.A search of the literature was completed using the databases CINAHL,PubMed,and EBSCOhost for years 1975e2020;literature search included peer-review articles,full-text publications,and available in English.A total of 31 articles were reviewed,and saturation was reached.Results:An extensive review of the literature revealed salient characteristics that reflected the most frequently used terms associated with the concept.Guided byWalker and Avant’s method,three defining attributes emerged as common themes:awareness,self-control,and self-reliance.Conclusions:A clarified definition was identified:the ability to care for oneself through awareness,selfcontrol,and self-reliance in order to achieve,maintain,or promote optimal health and well-being.

Family functioning integrated with diabetes self-management： a concept analysis

Although the concept of family functioning has gained recent popularity, the terms ＂family functioning＂ and ＂family resilience＂ are sometimes confused and used interchangeably. The aim of this concept analysis was to clarify what is meant by family functioning in the context of diabetes self-management by assessing specific attributes, antecedents, and consequences. A concept analysis model by Walker and Avant was applied. The identified attributes of family functioning in a diabetes self-management context included problem-solving, communication, roles, affective responsiveness, affective involvement, and behavioral control. Antecedents included family structure, socioeconomic status, family functioning relationships, family stage, and life events. Consequences included family satisfaction, family cohesion, and family relationships. This analysis provided a deeper understanding of a family functioning concept within a diabetes self-management context. It is recommended that health care providers should be aware of antecedent factors that could inhibit outcome improvement. Further research is needed to explain family functioning attributes in relation to antecedents and potential consequences.

The Presence of an Exercise Instructor or Group Members Affects Physical Self-Concept and Physical Self-Esteem: An Experimental Study in the Elderly

Background: Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem are important sources of general self-esteem and overall health. Evidence indicates that exercise leads to an enhancement in physical self-concept and physical self-esteem. Until now however, it remained unclear whether the beneficial effects of exercise were impacted by different types of exercise environments. Thus, the purpose of this study was to experimentally investigate, whether the presence or absence of an instructor or other group members influenced elder adults’ physical self-concept and esteem. Method: Participants were 46 women and 20 men (Mean age 65.4, SD = 4.36) who were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups differing across two factors—group versus no-group and instructor versus no-instructor. Participants took part in an 8-week-walking program with a comparable number of training sessions across the four experimental groups. Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem were assessed both pre and post exercise intervention. Results: Descriptively, the highest improvement in physical self-concept and esteem were observed in the instructor/no-group and the no-instructor/group condition. Between these two conditions, no significant difference of change was observed. Moreover, no improvement was observed when both instructor and group were present. Conclusion: Effects of either instructor presence or group presence may be explained by mechanisms of social integration and social support. An unexpected absence of effects on self-concept and esteem under the instructor/group condition are explained with reference to an individual’s cognitive dissonance caused by the need to adapt to different exercise oriented goals or attitudes of the instructor and the group members which might hinder the positive development of the self.

Addressing the Negative Self-Concept in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder by a Three-Session Programme of Cognitive Restructuring and Imagery Modification (CRIM-PTSD): A Case Study

Background: Cognitive restructuring and imagery modification for posttraumatic stress disorder (CRIM-PTSD) is a new intervention that involves only three sessions and focuses on the self-concept. It combines cognitive restructuring of core trauma-related dysfunctional beliefs and mental imagery. The effectiveness of CRIM-PTSD has recently been demonstrated in a pilot study. Method: This article presents a step-by-step description of the administration of CRIM-PTSD in a female survivor of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) suffering from PTSD and major depressive disorder related to strong self-blame. Results: The intervention showed substantial reductions in PTSD symptoms and depression in the patient comparable to those observed in the pilot study. Conclusions: CRIM-PTSD might provide an economical tool for reducing PTSD symptoms when only a short time is available for intervention. Furthermore, this tool could be included in well-established PTSD treatments. In addition to the pilot study, a randomized controlled trial is needed to further explore the feasibility and effectiveness of this short intervention.

The role of the self-concept in the relationship of menstrual symptom attitudes and negative mood

Background: A relationship between symptom attitudes and negative affect has consistently been found in a range of different symptom domains. Little is known, however, about the role of different aspects of the self in this relationship. We explored the mediating role of interferences of symptom with the self-concept in the association of menstrual symptom attitudes and depressive mood. Methods: Eighty-one women completed an online survey on menstrual symptom attitudes, perceived interferences of symptoms with various self-aspects and negative mood states. We tested our hypothesis in a mediation analysis. Results: We found a complete mediation of the relationship of symptom attitudes and depressive mood by interferences of symptoms with self-aspects. However, interferences with self-aspects did not play a role in the association of anxious mood and symptom report. Conclusion: The self-concept should receive greater attention in research on symptom attitudes and psychological well-being. This would be particularly important in research on medically unexplained symptom report.

Quality of object relations modifies the effectiveness of short- and long-term psychotherapy on self-concept

The quality of object relations affects interpersonal behaviour, but it is not known whether it modifies effectiveness on personality functioning in psychotherapies of different mode and length. In this study we estimated the modifying effect of the quality of object relations on the effect of solution-focused therapy (SFT) and shortand long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (SPP and LPP) on self-concept. A total of 326 patients were assessed at baseline with the Quality of Object Relations Scale (QORS) and 4 times during a 3-year follow-up with the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior self-concept questionnaire, comprising altogether 10 scores on different aspects of self-concept pathology. The effectiveness of SFT, but not SPP, was significantly poorer in several domains (5/10) of self-concept for patients with low QORS, i.e. those with less mature relational patterns, than for patients with high QORS, while the reversal occurred in some (3/10) self-concept domains in LPP. The results suggest that the quality of object relations has significance for treatment selection in therapies with different mode and length.

信息-动机-行为护理对精神分裂症患者认知功能和日常生活能力的影响

目的观察分析信息-动机-行为护理对精神分裂症患者认知功能和日常生活能力的影响。方法选取2022年1月至2023年12月期间江苏省扬州五台山医院收治的138例精神分裂症患者,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组(69例)和观察组(69例),分别接受常规护理和信息-动机-行为护理。对比两组患者自我管理能力、认知功能和日常生活能力。结果护理后,观察组服药依从、药物管理、精神症状管理及自我效能评分均高于对照组,P<0.05;观察组MoCA及ADL评分均高于对照组,P<0.05。结论对精神分裂症患者采取基于信息-动机-行为理念的护理模式优势显著,能有效改善患者认知功能和日常生活能力,提高患者自我管理能力。

A Brief Analysis of the Self-correction Model——from the View of Linking Theory

Based on the theory of the post method pedagogy and the teaching practice，this paper proposes a new teaching model，the self-correction model，and explains it from the point of view of linking theory.

非英语专业学生英语语音水平与英语语音自我概念调查研究--以凯里学院为例

语音是语言的外壳,但是大多数非英语专业学生的英语语音不标准。并且,积极的英语语音自我概念有利于英语学习。为了提出相应的对策,本文调查了凯里学院非英语专业学生所面临的英语语音问题及其英语语音自我概念的现状,以期能对提高非英语专业学生的英语语音和英语语音自我概念有帮助。

Parameter Self - Learning of Generalized Predictive Control Using BP Neural Network

This paper describes the self—adjustment of some tuning-knobs of the generalized predictive controller(GPC).A three feedforward neural network was utilized to on line learn two key tuning-knobs of GPC,and BP algorithm was used for the training of the linking-weights of the neural network.Hence it gets rid of the difficulty of choosing these tuning-knobs manually and provides easier condition for the wide applications of GPC on industrial plants.Simulation results illustrated the effectiveness of the method.

Self - Crosslinking Behavior of Self - Emulsion Water - Based Polyure-thane Coating Agents

The relation between structures and properties of polyurethane are investigated by modern physical and chemical methods.The results obtained are as follows:the effects of the content of self-crosslinking agent on the properties of polyurethane,i.e.,dispersion stability,dynamical viscoelasticity and mechanical properties are discussed.It is found that the optimum molar ratio of epichlorohydrin and diethylenetriamine is 1:2.A mois-

Culture Self- Consciousness in Transmission of Chinese Philosophy from the Perspective of English Globalization -- Taking the Belt and Road Initiative for Example

The Belt and Road Initiative contains the aspiration of Chinese nation to pursue ideological freedom and desire of strengthening international exchanges and cooperation. This paper takes the Belt and Road Initiative for example,emphasizing the interpretation of the inheritance and development of Chinese culture so as to study the importance of Culture Self-Consciousness in Chinese Philosophy,in the context of English globalization. That is to say,this paper stresses the spirits and the stand of nation 's demonstration on pursuing peace,cooperation and sustainable development in the civilization continuity from traditional China to the contemporary China,with practical philosophic view.

大学新生网络使用强度对人际适应性的影响--自我概念清晰性和孤独感的链式中介作用

为探讨大学新生社交网站使用强度对人际适应性的影响,采用问卷调查的方式,对680名大学新生进行调查,结果表明:社交网站使用强度与自我概念清晰性和人际适应性呈显著负相关,与孤独感呈显著正相关;自我概念清晰性与孤独感呈显著负相关,与人际适应性呈显著正相关;孤独感与人际适应性呈显著负相关。社交网站使用强度通过三条中介路径对人际适应性产生影响:自我概念清晰性的中介作用;孤独感的中介作用;自我概念清晰性和孤独感的链式中介作用。能够为大学新生社交网站使用强度对人际适应性的影响机制提供解释。

On Individualism and Self-Reliance of Americans

The American self-concept is the integral assumption of the culture, and the best expression of it is the individualism and self-reliance. In social relations, individualism asserts its influence om many aspects such as morality, ethics, or financial matters. Also individualism reflects a continuous frontier between the individual and the cultural. For being self-reliance, Americans approve self-motivation,which in the sense of long-range goals, as well as for a specific and immediate task.

性能保障 Saab 9-4X Concept

一直以来,萨博给我的最大感受是其出色的性能。从第一个使用涡轮增压到第一个提出双涡轮增压,萨博的陆上飞行梦想一直在不断实现。在SUV和Crossover(交叉)车型风行的今天,萨博也推出了他们以出色的性能作为保障的交叉车型—萨博9-4X生态动能概念车。萨博9-4X生态动能概念车的设计体现出了强烈的斯堪的纳维亚风格,外形简约、

Uniqueness and Reproducibility of Semantic Intelligence: New Approach to the Notion of Self-Organization

A novel notion of self-organization whose major property is that it brings about the execution of semantic intelligence as spontaneous physico-chemical processes in an unspecified ever-changing non-uniform environment is introduced. Its greatest advantage is that the covariance of causality encapsulated in any piece of semantic intelligence is provided with a great diversity of its individuality viewed as the properties of the current response and its reproducibility viewed as causality encapsulated in any of the homeostatic patterns. Alongside, the consistency of the functional metrics, which is always Euclidean, with any metrics of the space-time renders the proposed notion of self-organization ubiquitously available.

自觉与自信:近现代侨乡民众的“现代化”观念

在近现代的中国乡村现代化探索中,侨乡民众形成了具有自身特点的“现代化”观念,尊崇历史、对标世界、追求文明、向往科技、维护集体、富强家国等认知意识,透过乡村建设文献和建筑装饰得以记录和表达;乡村制度和村落场景化的建构,贴近基层民众的生活实践,并影响其思想、行为、价值取向和现代化探索实践,凝聚了他们对于鸦片战争以来大变局环境下中国乡村发展前景的基本认知和态度。这是不同于社会上层的基层民众对现代化的选择和反应,传统文化的浸润和西方文明的传入,使之坚守与吸纳并存,彰显了侨乡民众朴素的文化自觉和文化自信。

信息-动机-行为技巧理念护理对肺癌放疗患者遵医行为睡眠的影响

目的:探讨对肺癌放疗患者予以信息-动机-行为技巧理念护理对遵医行为及睡眠的影响。方法:选取2021年1月至2022年12月厦门市第五医院收治的肺癌放疗患者60例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组实施常规护理,观察组基于对照组联合信息-动机-行为技巧理念护理,评价2组自我管理效能感、遵医嘱行为及睡眠质量。结果:护理后,观察组正性态度、自我减压、自我决策评分较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组健康行为习惯、健康知识掌握情况、配合技巧以及定期复查评分较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组PSQI评分较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对肺癌放疗患者予以信息-动机-行为技巧理念护理,可以强化其自我效能,提高遵医行为,并改善睡眠质量,改善预后。

虚拟化身性别对数学任务表现的影响:一个有中介的调节模型

本研究探讨了虚拟化身性别对数学任务表现的影响及其影响机制。实验采用2(化身性别:男/女)×2(自我肯定:高/低)的两因素组间设计,因变量为数学工作自我概念和数学任务表现。结果表明:虚拟化身性别和自我肯定均对数学工作自我概念和数学任务表现有显著主效应,且两者交互影响两个因变量。同时,研究还发现了有中介的调节作用模型,自我肯定显著地调节了虚拟化身性别与数学任务表现的关系,且该调节关系通过数学工作自我概念的中介作用来进一步影响数学任务表现。