Research Progress on Self-Efficacy Level of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Influencing Factors

Self-efficacy plays an important role in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and it runs through the whole process of diabetes treatment, which is conducive to controlling and delaying the occurrence and development of complications, as well as improving the quality of life of patients. This paper mainly describes the concept of self-efficacy, the current situation of self-efficacy of diabetic patients at home and abroad, the functional aspects and their influencing factors, so as to take relevant measures on how to improve self-efficacy. It aims to provide a theoretical basis for the development of self-efficacy interventions for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The Impact of Simulation Education on Self-Efficacy in Pre-Registration Nursing Students

This literature review primarily aims to explore and synthesise the previous studies in simulation education research conducted over the past five years related to the effects of simulation training on the self-efficacy of undergraduate pre-registration nursing students. The second aim of this study is to explore additional outcome variables that were examined in the previous studies. Five electronic databases were searched systematically. These databases were MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, Scopus, Embase and PsycINFO. The PICO model was employed to identify the search terms, with a thesaurus being used to provide synonyms. Reference lists of relevant articles were examined and hand searches of journals were also undertaken. The quality of each study was assessed using the Simulation Research Rubric (SRR). A total of 11 studies were included. All studies explored the impact of simulation education on undergraduate pre-registration nursing. Six studies explored nursing students’ competence and performance and two papers examined their critical thinking. Problem solving, learning motivation, communication skills and knowledge acquisition were examined once. The majority of studies indicated that simulation training has a positive impact on pre-registration nursing students’ self-efficacy and other outcome variables. Furthermore, the study results indicate that simulation training is more dependable than traditional training, and students were extremely satisfied with the simulation training. However, most of the studies included in this review had several gaps, including study design, sample size and dissimilarities between the scales used. Further research with large samples, reliable and valid instruments, and outcomes measures (such as critical thinking and transferability of skills) is required to provide better insight into the effectiveness of simulation in undergraduate nursing education. .

Effect of Health Education Program on Self-Efficacy and Functional Capacity of Patients with Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery in Khartoum State-Sudan, 2015-2019

Coronary heart disease is among the most prevalent and costly of all global health problems. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been increasingly used since the 1960s. Coronary heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, including Sudan. Self-efficacy and functional capacity is a critical factor for quality of life in patients who has undergone CABG as well as for their caregivers from their families. Aim of the Study: To explore the effects of an educational program on self-efficacy and functional capacity of patients after CABG. 1) There will be no significant difference between the intervention group and control group concerning knowledge regarding Self-efficacy and functional capacity post CABG surgery. 2) The application of our educational program for the patients will enhance the patients with CABG surgery and improve knowledge about Self-efficacy and functional capacity post CABG surgery. 3) There are some socio demographic factors that affect the response to the educational program. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental, interventional and hospital-based study, including pre-test, a post-test and follow-up test, with a control group, conducted during the period from September 2014 to June 2019. Patients were recruited consecutively to the cases and control group using convenience sampling. The sample consisted of 76 patients;41 as cases and 35 as control group. The sample included those who had undergone CABG in Khartoum State. Relevant data were collected using a checklist to monitor the effect of a health education program on self-efficacy and functional capacity of the patients. Result: The results showed marked improvement in patients’ self-efficacy and functional capacity between pretest and posttest for the study group;p-value = (0.001) in the health status of cases in comparison to the control group. The indices were observed to be higher for patients who received a nursing educational program throughout the study period;p-value = (0.002).

基于住院-院后-门诊形式全程健康教育模式对2型糖尿病患者实施健康教育的效果研究

目的探讨应用全程健康教育模式对首次住院2型糖尿病患者实施健康教育的效果评价。方法选取2021年6月1日—2022年12月1日在滨州医学院附属医院住院的2型糖尿病患者130例,采用便利抽样法分为观察组和对照组,每组65例。对照组给予常规健康教育干预,观察组在常规健康教育基础上给予住院-院后-门诊形式全程健康教育模式干预。比较两组患者干预前后一般自我效能(GSES)评分、自我管理能力(SDSCA)评分、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2小时血糖(2 hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA_(1c))的变化。结果干预后,观察组患者GSES评分、SDSCA评分、FBG、2 hPG、HbA_(1c)均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于住院-院后-门诊形式全程健康教育可提高2型糖尿病患者自我效能、自我管理能力,有利于血糖控制及稳定。

创业榜样如何影响公司内部创业--基于全球创业观察等国际数据库的跨国研究

公司内部创业活动是组织可持续发展的重要影响因素,有助于企业更好地应对动态、复杂、多变的环境。基于社会学习理论,本研究整合全球创业观察、世界银行企业调查数据库、世界经济论坛全球竞争力报告和世界价值观调查数据库,探究创业榜样影响公司内部创业活动的过程机制。研究发现:1.关系型创业榜样和公众型创业榜样均对公司内部创业活动具有显著的正向影响,且关系型创业榜样的正向影响强于公众型创业榜样。2.创业自我效能感和创业机会感知在创业榜样与公司内部创业活动关系间起部分中介作用。3.性别能够调节关系型创业榜样和公司内部创业活动之间的关系,且调节作用完全通过创业机会感知起作用。本研究拓展了社会学习理论关于榜样的研究,并分别聚焦关系型创业榜样和公众型创业榜样,分析二者对员工开展公司内部创业活动的不同促进作用,为理解公司内部创业活动的动因提供了新的研究视角。此外,本研究通过检验创业自我效能感和创业机会感知的中介作用及性别的有中介的调节作用,解释了创业榜样影响员工开展公司内部创业活动的过程逻辑,打开了创业榜样影响公司内部创业活动的机制“黑箱”,进一步推进了现有关于公司内部创业活动的研究。

基于信息-动机-行为技巧模型的知信行健康宣教及护理在消化性溃疡合并上消化道出血患者中的应用效果

目的研究基于信息-动机-行为技巧模型(IMB)的知信行健康宣教及护理在消化性溃疡合并上消化道出血患者中的应用效果。方法选择2021年3月至2022年10月安徽省安庆市立医院接受治疗的患者82例,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组与观察组,各41例。对照组采用常规知信行宣教及护理进行干预,观察组在对照组的基础上给予基于IMB模型的知信行宣教及护理。比较两组干预前与出院1个月后药物依从性、疾病不确定感、自我效能。结果出院后1个月,两组依从性得分均高于干预前,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。出院后1个月,两组疾病不确定感各项得分均低于干预前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。出院后1个月,两组自我效能得分均高于干预前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于IMB模型的知信行健康宣教及护理,能够有效提高消化性溃疡合并上消化道出血患者的治疗效果,值得推广运用。

On Improving Students' Self-efficacy in English Listening Teaching

The traditional English teaching attaches excessive importance to the explanation of grammar and vocabulary, which causes students' disability in applying English, especially in listening. Self-efficacy is one of the basic elements which influence the students' learning motivation. It has close relationship with learning efficiency.

接受体外受精-胚胎移植治疗夫妻中男性患者自我效能与生活质量的关系:基于婚姻调适的中介效应

目的探讨接受体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)治疗夫妻中男性患者婚姻调适在自我效能与生活质量间的中介效应。方法采用时间连续抽样法,选取2022年1月至4月在北京市某三甲医院生殖医学中心接受IVF-ET治疗的293例男性患者作为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、自我效能感量表、Locke-Wallace婚姻调适量表和生育生活质量量表进行调查,采用结构方程模型进行中介效应检验。结果接受IVF-ET治疗的男性患者生活质量总分为(68.46±10.85)分。婚姻调适与自我效能、生活质量总分均呈正相关(r=0.408、0.391,P<0.01),婚姻调适是自我效能和生活质量的中介变量(β=0.104,P<0.001),中介效应占总效应的26.74%。结论接受IVF-ET治疗的男性患者生活质量处于中等水平,婚姻调适在自我效能和生活质量间起部分中介作用。建议在改善接受IVF-ET治疗男性患者生活质量的干预工作中,应重视婚姻调适的影响,注重激发患者自我效能,开展夫妻共同健康教育,提高婚姻调适水平以进一步提高生活质量。

课堂环境如何影响学生创新能力发展--作用机制与异质性探索

基于北京市小学生创新能力调查数据,构建回归模型和有调节的中介模型,探究课堂环境对学生创新能力发展的影响效应、作用机制及异质性特征。研究结果如下:六类课堂环境均可显著影响学生创新思维和创新人格发展;创新自我效能感在课堂参与和合作行为两类课堂环境与创新思维间起部分中介作用,而在这两类课堂环境与创新人格间起完全中介作用;同伴关系、课堂参与和合作行为三类课堂环境与创新思维的关系在不同家庭社会经济地位之间存在异质性;创新自我效能感在合作行为这一课堂环境与学生创新思维间的中介作用受到家庭社会经济地位的调节。研究对学生创新能力培养和低家庭社会经济地位学生发展具有重要的理论意义和实践启示,建议分别以教师和学生为主体构建积极的课堂环境,关注学生的创新心态,对低家庭社会经济地位学生进行有针对性的学业和心理帮扶。

父母养育心理灵活性与幼儿问题行为的关系--基于心理安全感和教养效能感的链式中介作用

为了探究父母养育心理灵活性与幼儿问题行为的关系,以及幼儿心理安全感和父母教养效能感在其中的作用,采用父母养育心理灵活性量表、学前儿童困难与长处问卷、幼儿心理安全感量表和幼儿父母教养效能感量表对重庆市355名幼儿进行问卷调查。结果显示,幼儿问题行为在父母学历和家庭结构中差异显著,幼儿心理安全感在家庭结构中差异显著和父母教养效能感在填表人上差异显著;父母养育心理灵活性、幼儿问题行为、幼儿心理安全感和父母教养效能感两两显著相关;父母养育心理灵活性能显著负向预测幼儿问题行为;幼儿心理安全感、父母教养效能感在父母养育心理灵活性对幼儿问题行为的影响中起链式中介作用。具体而言,父母养育心理灵活性通过三条路径影响幼儿问题行为、幼儿心理安全感和父母教养效能感:幼儿心理安全感的中介作用、父母教养效能感的中介作用以及两者的链式中介作用。因此,提高父母养育心理灵活性、激发父母教养效能感和重视幼儿心理安全感发展可以减少幼儿问题行为的产生。

医院-社区-家庭三元联动延续护理在2型糖尿病病人中的应用

目的:探讨医院-社区-家庭三元联动延续护理对2型糖尿病病人自我管理能力、自我效能感、代谢相关指标的影响。方法:选取2022年1月—7月入住我院内分泌科的108例病人,应用医院-社区-家庭三元联动延续护理模式进行为期18个月的干预。分别于干预前及干预3、6、9、12、18个月后评估病人的自我管理能力、自我效能感和代谢相关指标。结果:干预不同时间,2型糖尿病病人的自我管理能力、自我效能感、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、葡萄糖在目标范围内时间均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:医院-社区-家庭三元联动延续护理模式有助于提升2型糖尿病病人的自我管理能力和自我效能感,改善代谢相关指标。

Validation of Educational Video to Promote Self-Efficacy in Preventing Childhood Diarrhea

The aim of this study was to evaluate and to validate an educational video to promote maternal self-efficacy in preventing childhood diarrhea with women assisted in a health unit. Validation study, developed with 17 mothers whose children were under five years old, was analyzed on scenes of an educational video according to the validity of appearance (clarity/comprehension) and of content (relevance). The scenes were considered clear and comprehensive with a perceptual above 70% and with an average of 96.9% of agreement. Regarding the relevance, the agreement was maintained between 94% and 100%, however only scenes 03 and 13 presented 76.6% and 70.6% of agreement respectively. Global Content Validation Index of the educational video scenes was 0.97 meaning an excellent level of agreement among mothers. The video showed to be a valid and a trustworthy material to promote maternal self-efficacy in preventing childhood diarrhea. Therefore, it is important that the material is disseminated in other health services so that other mothers may have contact with the same, providing greater reliability of the material.

Investigation for the transcultural self-efficacy of nurses in Guizhou,China

Aim:As conflict caused by cultural diversity among patients in China continues to rise,hospitals are in urgent need for improvement of transcultural efficacy among nurses.This study aims to evaluate the transcultural self-efficacy of nurses working in the tertiary general hospital in Guizhou Province,an ethnic minority region in western China,and to identify whether nurses'demographic characteristics affect their transcultural self-efficacy.Method:We used the Chinese version of the Transcultural Self-Efficacy Tool(TSET-CV)to survey 1,190 inservice nurses.Results:Results showed that the level of transcultural self-efficacy of the nurses was generally moderate;few of the nurses had high or low transcultural self-efficacy.The nurses'transcultural self-efficacy was affected by demographic variables,including age,marital status,employment type,income,work experience,and whether or not they were head nurses.Having a stable work environment,a stable marriage,a good educational background,and a high-ranked professional title were associated with increased transcultural self-efficacy.Conclusion:Nursing administrators in hospitals should offer continuing education on transcuitural nursing according to nurses'demographic characteristics and the SEST scores.

Self-management and self-efficacy status in liver recipients

BACKGROUND： Liver transplantation （LT） is a viable treatment for patients with end-stage chronic liver diseases. The main aim of LT is to prolong life and improve life quality. However, although survival after LT continues to improve, some aspects of recipient＇s health-related quality of life such as self-man- agement and self-efficacy have been largely ignored.

社区-家庭一体化的Ⅲ期心脏康复对老年冠心病患者自我效能及运动能力的影响

目的探讨社区-家庭一体化的Ⅲ期心脏康复对老年冠心病患者自我效能及运动能力的影响。方法选取2020年12月至2022年12月在该中心就诊的200例老年冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各100例。对照组患者接受常规干预,观察组患者在对照组基础上接受社区-家庭一体化的Ⅲ期心脏康复。比较两组患者康复前及康复6个月后自我效能感、自我管理能力及运动能力,并记录两组患者康复1、6个月后主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生情况。结果两组患者康复6个月后心脏自我效能问卷、自我管理能力量表评分均明显高于康复前,且观察组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者康复6个月后6 min步行距离及峰值摄氧量均明显高于康复前,且观察组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者康复1个月后MACE发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但观察组患者康复6个月后MACE发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论社区-家庭一体化的Ⅲ期心脏康复有助于提升老年冠心病患者PCI术后的自我效能感和自我管理能力,增强患者运动能力,降低PCI术后中远期MACE发生风险,值得临床推广使用。

Twelve weeks of dance exergaming in overweight and obese adolescent girls:Transfer effects on physical activity,screen time,and self-efficacy

Background: Given the low levels of physical activity(PA) among adolescent girls in the US, there is a need to identify tools to motivate increased PA. Although there is limited evidence that adolescents transfer PA from one context to another, exergames(i.e., video games that require gross motor activity) may act as a gateway to promote overall PA outside game play. The purpose of this study was to examine potential transfer effects(i.e., influences on external behaviors and psychological constructs) of a 12-week exergaming intervention on adolescent girls' PA, screen time,and self-efficacy toward PA, as well as the intrinsic motivation of exergaming.Methods: Participants were 37 girls aged 14–18 years(65% African American, 35% white) who were overweight or obese(body mass index ≥ 85 th percentile) and were recruited from the community via school, physicians, news media, and social media websites. Adolescents were randomly assigned to a 12-week group exergaming intervention(thirty-six 60 min sessions of group-based dance exergaming in a research laboratory using Kinect for Xbox360(Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA)) or to a no-treatment control group. Outcome variables included objectively measured PA(total) and self-reported leisure-time PA(discretionary time only) 1 week before vs. 1 week after the intervention; selected type and intensity of PA when placed in a gym setting for 30 min("cardio free choice"); screen time; self-efficacy toward PA; and intrinsic motivation toward exergaming.Results: Attendance at the exergaming sessions was high(80%). Compared with the control group, the intervention group self-reported an increase in PA(p = 0.035) and fewer hours watching television or videos(p = 0.01) after the intervention, but there were no significant differences in sedentary, light, moderate, or vigorous PA measured by accelerometry. The intervention group significantly improved self-efficacy toward PA(p = 0.028). The intervention group highly rated intrinsic motivation toward exergaming.Conclusion: Exergaming for 12 weeks was associated with positive impacts on adolescent girls' self-reported PA, television viewing, self-efficacy,and intrinsic motivation. Future research is warranted to leverage exergames as an enjoyable, motivating, and effective PA tool.

Relationship between self-directed learning readiness, learning attitude, and self-efficacy of nursing undergraduates

Objective: The purposes of this study were to analyze the influencing factors of self-directed learning readiness(SDLR) of nursing undergraduates and explore the impacts of learning attitude and self-efficacy on nursing undergraduates.Methods: A total of 500 nursing undergraduates were investigated in Tianjin, with the Chinese version of SDLR scale, learning attitude questionnaire of nursing college students, academic self-efficacy scale, and the general information questionnaire.Result: The score of SDLR was 149.99±15.73. Multiple stepwise regressions indicated that academic self-efficacy, learning attitude, attitudes to major of nursing, and level of learning difficulties were major influential factors and explained 48.1% of the variance in SDLR of nursing interns.Conclusions: The score of SDLR of nursing undergraduates is not promising. It is imperative to correct students' learning attitude, improve self-efficacy, and adopt appropriate teaching model to improve SDLR.

肺癌根治术后患者自我管理效能感与运动依从性的关系-交叉滞后分析

目的探讨术后6个月内肺癌根治术后患者自我管理效能感与运动依从性的变化趋势,并分析二者间的预测关系,为改善术后患者运动依从性提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2022年12月至2023年5月南充市2所三级甲等综合医院胸外科首次行肺癌根治术的188例患者作为研究对象,采用中文版癌症自我管理效能感量表(Chinese-version strategies used by people to promote health,C-SUPPH)、运动依从性量表调查患者出院前1d(TI)与术后1个月(T2)、3个月(T3)、6个月(T4)的自我管理效能感及运动依从性水平,构建交叉滞后模型分析自我管理效能感与运动依从性间的因果关系。结果178例患者完成研究;术后6个月内,肺癌根治术后患者自我管理效能感、运动依从性均呈先上升后下降趋势(均P<0.05);交叉滞后模型显示,术后早期(TI~T2)患者自我管理效能感与运动依从性互为因果(β=0.254,P=0.003;β=0.332,P=0.007);中期(T2~T3)患者自我管理效能感能正向预测运动依从性(β=0.286,P<0.001);后期(T3~T4)两者不能相互预测(均P>0.05)。结论肺癌根治术后患者自我管理效能感处于中等水平、运动依从性处于低水平;肺癌根治术后患者自我管理效能感、运动依从性的初始水平并不代表长期治疗后的变化趋势,两者间的预测关系也会发生改变。医护人员需考虑其动态变化特征和个体差异,在患者术后的各个阶段进行评估,及时给予针对性的干预。

Correlates of Condom-use Self-efficacy on the EPPM-based Integrated Model among Chinese College Students

Objective To explore the predictors of condom-use self-efficacy in Chinese college students according to the extended parallel process model （EPPM）-based integrated model. Methods A total of 3,082 college students were anonymously surveyed through self-administered questionnaires in Guangzhou and Harbin, China. A structural equation model was applied to assess the integrated model. Results Among the participants, 2,387 （46.7%） were male, 2,586 （53.3%） were female, and the average age was 18.6 years. The final integrated model was acceptable. Apart from the direct effect （r = 0.23）, perceived severity had two indirect effects on condom-use self-efficacy through the attitude to HIV education （r = 0.40） and intention to engage in premarital sex （r = -0.16）, respectively. However, the perceived susceptibility mediated through the intention to engage in premarital sex （intent-to-premarital-sex） had a poor indirect impact on condom-use self-efficacy （total effect was -0.06）. Furthermore, attitude toward HIV health education （r = 0.49） and intent-to-premarital-sex （r = -0.32） had a strong direct effect on condom-use self-efficacy. In addition, male students perceived higher susceptibility, stronger intent-to-premarital-sex, and lower condom-use self-efficacy than female students. Conclusion The integrated model may be used to assess the determinants of condom-use self-efficacy among Chinese college students. Future research should focus on raising the severity perception, HIV-risk-reduction motivation, and the premarital abstinence intention among college students. Furthermore, considering the gender differences observed in the present survey, single-sex HIV education is required in school-based HIV/sex intervention.

Bullying among people with visual impairment: Prevalence, associated factors and relationship to self-efficacy and life satisfaction

AIM To examine associated factors of bullying and to determine associations between bullying and psychosocial outcomes among individuals with visual impairments(Ⅵ). METHODS We conducted an age-stratified cross-sectional survey of adults with Ⅵ who were recruited from the Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted. Data were collected through structural telephone interviews in the period between February and May, 2017. Linear regression models were used to examine factors related to bullying and associations of bullying with self-efficacy and life satisfaction.RESULTS A total of 736 individuals were interviewed. The lifetime and 6-mo prevalence of bullying was 41.7% and8.2%, respectively. The majority of bullied participants reported Ⅵ-specific bullying(65.1%). Victimization of bullying was associated with young age, early onsetage of Ⅵ, and having other impairments. Participants who reported bullying had lower levels of self-efficacy[Adjusted relative risk(ARR): 0.40, 95% confidence interval(CI): 0.19-0.85] and life satisfaction(ARR: 0.68,95%CI: 0.51-0.91).CONCLUSION Bullying is highly prevalent among individuals withⅥ. Our findings suggest that interventions to reduce bullying may be beneficial for improving the well-being and life quality of people with Ⅵ.